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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

System Engineering Applied: A Case Study in the Implementation of Successful Systems

The application of Systems Engineering (SE) principles has emerged to manage complex systems from a concept to the successful realization and implementation of the system. Multiple Research and Development (R&D) programs at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have implemented these principles and have maximized their efforts in the realization of successful systems. The Primary Standards Laboratory (PSL) at SNL has avoided the full implementation of such principles which has stalled the development of new and efficient calibration systems. The objective of this project is to introduce SE to the PSL and develop a framework of best practices that can be utilized to expedite the development and deployment of accurate and efficient testing systems throughout the PSL. A Case Study will be presented for the principles of the SE development lifecycle in a R&D environment to maximize the PSL’s efforts in a requirements-driven environment.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Marrying Quality Assurance with Design Engineering - A Winning Partnership! But, a Cultural Divide?: Preprint

Investors would like to be confident that a PV plant will work as promised before investing large sums of money. Data showing that PV modules can withstand thousands of hours of accelerated testing are a comfort, but are not sufficient. An inability to be confident of every aspect of the system can motivate higher interest rates; high degradation or failure rates can substantially decrease the return on investment and the value of the plant for resale later on. In the end, a winning partnership is obtained when a carefully engineered, durable design is married with a robust quality management system and the marriage is extended across all parts of the value chain. However, this marriage is challenging because of the conventional cultural divide between design engineers and quality management specialists. This paper discusses the motivation for increased emphasis on quality assurance and describes three new standards that detail requirements for a higher level of quality assurance for 1) PV module manufacturing, 2) inverter and other balance-of-systems (BOS) manufacturing, and 3) control of the system installation and operation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and benefits of marrying the quality assurance program with further optimization of the PV system design.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Highly interactive, steered scientific workflows on HPC systems: optimizing design solutions

Scientific workflows are becoming increasingly important in high performance computing (HPC) settings, as the feasibility and appeal of many simultaneous heterogeneous tasks increases with increasing hardware capabilities. Currently no HPC-based workflow platform supports a dynamically adaptable workflow with interactive steering and analysis at run-time. Furthermore, for most workflow programs, compute resources are fixed for a given instance, resulting in a possible waste of expensive allocation resources when tasks are spawned and killed. Here we describe the design and testing of a run-time-interactive, adaptable, steered workflow tool capable of executing thousands of parallel tasks without an MPI programming model, using a database management system to facilitate task management through multiple live connections. We find that on the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility pre-exascale Summit supercomputer it is possible to launch and interactively steer workflows with thousands of simultaneous tasks with negligible latency. For the case of particle simulation and analysis tasks that run for minutes to hours, this paradigm offers the prospect of a robust and efficient means to perform simulation-space exploration with on-the-fly analysis and adaptation.

Ossyra, John R↗
DOE OSTI2020

Subsurface Biogeochemical Research: Watershed System Science for Energy

The Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) program within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research is strategically aligned with DOE’s mission to ensure U.S. security and prosperity through watershed system science. Water resources critical for energy production are under pressure from growing water demand, contamination, drought, flooding, and saltwater intrusion. Sustainable management of watershed systems and their coupling with the built environment rely on understanding the hydrological and biogeochemical processes that control watershed system dynamics and water availability and quality. Next-generation science-based models of watershed systems are needed to address many U.S. energy and environmental challenges, including contaminant cleanup, clean water availability, safe storage of energy and nuclear byproducts in the subsurface, nutrient availability for sustainable biofuel crops, and recovery of subsurface energy resources.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition for Electrochemical Separation Experimentation

The Python-based program is a laboratory automation tool designed to control and monitor electrochemical systems. The tool was developed for capacitive deionization (CDI) experiments, but it can be used for any system that requires controlled voltage or current segments and multi-parameter monitoring. The program integrates hardware components to run user-defined experimental parameters, providing operational control of a programmable power supply, peristaltic pump, and data acquisition devices. Currently, the program is structured with a workflow that includes an initialization (or pre-run) phase, a main loop, and a post-experiment stabilization (or post-run) phase. The initialization phase prepares and stabilizes the cell, ensuring that the electrodes and solution reach a baseline state before the experiment begins. The main loop consists of multiple voltage segments that repeat, controlling the experiment while recording key parameters such as time, voltage, current, pH, and conductivity. Finally, the post-experiment stabilization phase allows the system to stabilize after the experiment, returning the cell and solution to equilibrium conditions before ending the sequence. The program is designed with four variations, each tailored to different experimental needs. All variations include both the initialization and post-experiment stabilization stages, which run for a set amount of time, voltage, current, and flow rate before and after the main experiment block. The main loop runs for a set number of cycles, as defined by the user input, and each cycle is composed of 2 or 4 segments. The 4 program variations are described as follows: Program 1: The main program includes 2 segments. Each segment is defined to have a set duration, flow rate, voltage, and current. This program measures conductivity, flow rate, voltage, and current. Program 2: The main program expands Program 1 to include 4 segments. Each segment has a specified duration, flow rate, voltage, and current. Like Program 1, it measures conductivity, flow rate, voltage, and current. Program 3: The main program consists of 2 segments, each defined by time, flow rate, voltage, and current. In addition to conductivity, flow rate, voltage, and current, Program 3 collects pH and temperature data through a 4-channel data acquisition device. Program 4: This program independently controls two channels of a multi-channel power supply simultaneously. While conductivity can only be measured for one cell at a time, the dual-channel control makes it possible to operate two cells simultaneously under different voltage/current conditions. The main program includes 2 segments.For each program, all measurements are automatically logged and integrated into a single Excel output file. Data are displayed in numerical format and plotted, both in real time, to track system performance. A key feature of the program is its ability to synchronize all outputs so that every measurement shares a single timestamp, ensuring accurate alignment of voltage, current, pH, conductivity, and pH data.By combining hardware control, real-time monitoring, and unified data collection, this program significantly reduces manual workload and minimizes errors, making it a reliable platform for researchers, engineers, and laboratory technicians conducting CDI experiments, among other electrochemical tests.

Valentino, Lauren [Argonne National Laboratory (AN↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Trilevel Model for Segmentation of the Power Transmission Grid Cyber Network

Network segmentation of a power grid's communication system can make the grid more resilient to cyberattacks. Here we develop a novel trilevel programming model to optimally segment a grid communication system, taking into account the actions of an information technology (IT) administrator, attacker, and grid operator. The IT administrator is allowed to segment existing networks, and the attacker is given a budget to inflict damage on the grid by attacking the segmented communication system. Finally, the grid operator can redispatch the grid after the attack to minimize damage. The resulting problem is a trilevel interdiction problem that we solve using a branch and bound algorithm for bilevel problems. We demonstrate the benefits of optimal network segmentation through case studies on the 9-bus Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) system and the 30-bus IEEE system. These examples illustrate that network segmentation can significantly reduce the threat posed by a cyberattacker.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development and Validation of a Latent Thermal Energy Storage Model Using Modelica

An abundance of research has been performed to understand the physics of latent thermal energy storage with phase change material. Some analytical and numerical findings have been validated by experiments, but there are few free and open-source models available to the general public for use in systems simulation and analysis. The Modelica programming language is a good avenue to make such models available, because it is object-oriented, equation-based, declarative, and acausal. These characteristics have enabling the creation of component model libraries that can be used to build larger system simulations for design analysis. The authors have previously developed a numerical framework to model phase change thermal storage and have validated model predictions with experiments. The objectives of this paper are to describe the transfer of the numerical framework to an implementation in a Modelica component model and to validate the Modelica model with data from the experiment and the original numerical framework.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Test Results of PIP2IT MEBT Vacuum Protection System

The central part of PIP-II program of upgrades pro-posed for the Fermilab injection complex is an 800 MeV, 2 mA, CW-compatible SRF linac. Acceleration in super-conducting cavities begins from a low energy of 2.1 MeV, so that the first cryomodule, Half Wave Resonator (HWR) borders the warm Medium Beam Transport (MEBT) line. To minimize the amount of gas that may enter the SRF linac in a case if a vacuum failure occurs in the warm front end, a vacuum protection system is envisioned to be used in the PIP-II MEBT. It features a fast closing valve with two sensors and a differential pumping insert. The system prototype was installed in the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) accelerator and successfully tested in several modes modelling the vacuum failures. The report presents the design of the vacuum protection system and results of its tests.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

LGFCS Prototype System Testing (Final Report)

In the project, LGFCS assembled and tested its modular SOFC Power System that incorporates all critical technology improvements identified for its “product-like” demonstration. This product demonstrator is expected to meet customer and LGFCS performance expectations for operation, availability, durability and serviceability. The principal technology improvements are aimed at increasing the fuel cell power output and reducing the stack degradation rate. Improvements were also made for added system robustness and increased reliability. The objective of this program is to test a 250kWe thermally self-sustaining modular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Power System for a minimum of 5,000 hours while advancing this commercial prototype product demonstrator to a Technical Readiness Level (TRL) 7. The SOFC system was tested on a site provided by Stark State College in North Canton, Ohio. System performance and degradation as well as cost estimates were compared to established SOFC Program performance metrics to assess progress. The major achievements were to assemble, and QA qualify 70 fuel cell strips for 12 integrated blocks into a fuel cell vessel and install it into a generator module with the fuel and power electronics modules on the test site. Performance to date included over 1800 hours on load at 250 KWAC to the grid with a DC efficiency of 61% and AC efficiency of 55%. Power degradation was less than 0.4% per 1000 hours and NOx emissions met standards. The LGFCS SOFC Prototype System (GEN0) was demonstrated in an operational environment and therefore achieving Technical Readiness Level 7. The work presented here represents the efforts of all the employees of LG Fuel Cell Systems. Their dedication and hard work made GEN0 possible and successful.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2019

DE-FE0031180 Final Report - LGFCS Prototype System Testing - R0

In the project, LGFCS assembled and tested its modular SOFC Power System that incorporates all critical technology improvements identified for its “product-like” demonstration. This product demonstrator is expected to meet customer and LGFCS performance expectations for operation, availability, durability and serviceability. The principal technology improvements are aimed at increasing the fuel cell power output and reducing the stack degradation rate. Improvements were also made for added system robustness and increased reliability. The objective of this program is to test a 250kWe thermally self-sustaining modular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Power System for a minimum of 5,000 hours while advancing this commercial prototype product demonstrator to a Technical Readiness Level (TRL) 7. The SOFC system was tested on a site provided by Stark State College in North Canton, Ohio. System performance and degradation as well as cost estimates were compared to established SOFC Program performance metrics to assess progress. The major achievements were to assemble, and QA qualify 70 fuel cell strips for 12 integrated blocks into a fuel cell vessel and install it into a generator module with the fuel and power electronics modules on the test site. Performance to date included over 1800 hours on load at 250 KW-AC to the grid with a DC efficiency of 61% and AC efficiency of 55%. Power degradation was less than 0.4% per 1000 hours and NOx emissions met standards. The LGFCS SOFC Prototype System (GEN0) was demonstrated in an operational environment and therefore achieving Technical Readiness Level 7. The work presented here represents the efforts of all the employees of LG Fuel Cell Systems. Their dedication and hard work made GEN0 possible and successful.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation of H-Canyon Ventilation Exhaust Tunnel Inspection at the Savannah River Site - 20052

The Department of Energy (DOE) H-Canyon Facility at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS). The Facility Structural Integrity Program [1] provides a process to inspect, evaluate, and document the conditions of passive safety related structural systems and components, their degradation mechanisms and their impact on the safety envelope. The Structural Integrity Program performs periodic visual inspections to confirm the systems and components can perform their safety function and recommend corrective actions before the function is compromised. The H-Canyon Exhaust Tunnel is part of the H-Canyon Ventilation System and is periodically inspected under the Structural Integrity Program. The Tunnel performs a Safety Class passive design feature function that is available 100% of the time. The underground reinforced concrete Tunnel directs Canyon process air from the Canyon to the Sand Filter System. The radiological and chemical airborne activity coupled with the physical configuration of the tunnel precludes a manned entry into the tunnel to perform the inspection. Unlike active systems that can be subjected to physical testing to confirm capability, qualification calculations, including modeling, is performed to assess passive design feature capabilities relative to operational, accident and natural phenomena hazards events. Input for these calculations come from knowledge of field conditions, design drawings and conservative assumptions. The knowledge of field conditions comes from concrete and soil testing activities as well as inspection data. The use of cameras on crawlers to obtain inspection data and how that data is used in qualification calculations is the focus of this discussion. Remote Tunnel inspections have been performed using cameras on a stick, referred to as pole cameras, prior to Calendar Year 2003 (CY2003). Since CY2003, six camera equipped crawlers have been used. Crawlers have evolved and improved by incorporating lessons learned from the previous inspections. The latest 2019 crawler successfully traveled the entire length of the tunnel between the Canyon and Sand Filter System and captured images that were previously unseen, thus providing key visual data for the Structural Integrity Program report [2]. The inspection data serves as 1) input to qualification calculations, 2) validates current conditions remain bounded by qualification calculations, and 3) documents a record of change over time. This data is vital for the effective evaluation of the tunnel structure and aids with predicting the life cycle service life safety envelope to protect the public, environment, and facility worker. The goal of the 2019 deployment was to use a more robust vehicle to ensure travel over obstacles, perform the inspection with higher resolution cameras, and have the ability to elevate the cameras to view surfaces previously obscured by abandon-in-place ducts in the tunnel. The inspection information will serve to strengthen the input basis for qualification calculations, versus using excessive conservative calculation assumptions. This 2019 inspection was compared with previous crawler visual evidence to identify change over time to project remaining service life and confirm field conditions remain bounded by qualification calculations. The results of the 2019 Exhaust Tunnel inspection continue to improve and provide a firm basis to make sound engineering judgements regarding tunnel capability and approaches in projecting remaining service life with an aging system and component. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

NDE Technology Development Program for Non-Visual Volumetric Inspection Technology; Sensor Effectiveness Testing Report

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) located in Richland, Washington, hosted and administered Sensor Effectiveness Testing that allowed four different participants to demonstrate the NDE volumetric inspection technologies that were previously demonstrated during the Technology Screening session. This document provides a Sensor Effectiveness Testing report for the final part of Phase I of a three-phase NDE Technology Development Program designed to identify and mature a system or set of non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for Hanford DST primary liner bottom inspection. Phase I of the program will baseline the performance of current or emerging non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for their ability to detect and characterize primary liner bottom flaws, and identify candidate technologies for adaptation and maturation for Phase II of the program.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

NDE Technology Development Program for Non-Visual Volumetric Inspection Technology: Technology Screening Report

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) located in Richland, Washington, hosted and administered a Technology Screening test that allowed four different participants to demonstrate the NDE volumetric inspection technologies that were proposed in response to the WRPS EOI. This document provides a Technology Screening test report for the initial part of Phase I of a three-phase NDE Technology Development Program designed to identify and mature a system or set of non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for Hanford DST primary liner bottom inspection. Phase I of the program will baseline the performance of current or emerging non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for their ability to detect and characterize primary liner bottom flaws, and identify candidate technologies for adaptation and maturation for Phase II of the program.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

B341 MoMs Hydraulic System Design & Installation

This Statement of Work Document outlines the program equipment siting requirements for Building 341 to be installed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Subcontractor, who will be designing and installing B341 programmatic equipment hydraulic system, will be expected to provide engineering and construction support from procurement through installation. This scope of work includes the following: a) Walkdown and survey existing condition of Mechanics of Material (MoMs) programmatic equipment at B231. b) Engineering design, procurement, and installation of hydraulic system for MOMs programmatic equipment. c) Engineering design, procurement, and installation of indoor and outdoor hydraulic pumps. d) Engineering design of program equipment pits. e) Engineering design of new trenches to match existing B341 trenches.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Feasibility of Hybrid Electro- and Acousto-Dynamical Systems for Quantum Optical Networks

We present results on an exploratory research program that aims to study the feasibility of novel, sustained, dense, and efficient quantum information generation, storage, retrieval, relay and distribution devices and systems towards future advanced quantum networking architectures. The pathfinder program is anchored on original ideas and device conceptual designs that turn the phononic-sourced challenges into an opportunity towards optimized transduction chains over a broad range of length and energy/temperature scales. The proposal involves conceptual design and feasibility towards integration, commissioning and benchmarking of challenging transduction devices in a scaled quantum network setup.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Models and methods for assessing the value of HVDC and MVDC technologies in modern power grids

This report reflects the results of U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Grid Modernization project 0074 “Models and methods for assessing the value of HVDC [high-voltage direct current] and MTDC [multi-terminal direct current] technologies in modern power grids.” The work was done by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in cooperation with Mid-Continent Independent System Operator (MISO) and Siemens. The main motivation of this study was to show the benefit of using direct current (DC) systems larger than those in existence today as they overlap with the alternating current (AC) systems. Proper use of their flexibility in terms of active/reactive power control and fast response can provide much-needed services to the grid at the same time as moving large blocks of energy to take advantage of cost diversity. Ultimately, the project’s success will enable decision-makers and investors to make well-informed decisions regarding this use of DC systems. This project showed the technical feasibility of HVDC macrogrid for frequency control and congestion relief in addition to bulk power transfers. Industry-established models for commonly used technologies were employed, along with high-fidelity models for recently developed HVDC converter technologies; like the modular multilevel converters (MMCs), a voltage source converters (VSC). Models for General Electric Positive Sequence Load Flow (GE PSLF) and Siemens Power System Simulator (PSS/E), widely used analysis programs, were for the first time adapted to include at the same time both Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) and Eastern Interconnection (EI), the two largest North American interconnections. The high-fidelity models and their control were developed in detail for MMC system and extended to HVDC systems in point-to-point and in three-node multi-terminal configurations. Using a continental-level mixed AC-DC grid model, and using a HVDC macrogrid power flow and transient stability model, the results showed that the HVDC macrogrid relieved congestion and mitigated loop flows in AC networks, and provided up to 24% improvement in frequency responses. These are realistic studies, based on the 2025 heavy summer and EI multi-regional modeling working group (MMWG) 2026 summer peak cases. This work developed high-fidelity models and simulation algorithms to understand the dynamics of MMC. The developed models and simulation algorithms are up to 25 times faster than the existing algorithms. Models and control algorithms for high-fidelity models were designed and tested for point-to-point and multi-terminal configurations. The multi-terminal configuration was tested connecting simplified models of EI, WI, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). The developed models showed up to 45% improvement in frequency response with the connection of all the three asynchronous interconnections in the United States using fast and advanced DC technologies like the multi-terminal MMC-DC system. Future work will look into developing high-fidelity models of other advanced DC technologies, combining high-fidelity models with the continental-level model, incorporating additional services. More scenarios involving large-scale HVDC and MTDC will be evaluated.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

RAVEN User Manual

RAVEN is a generic software framework to perform parametric and probabilistic analysis based on the response of complex system codes. The initial development was aimed to provide dynamic risk analysis capabilities to the Thermo-Hydraulic code RELAP-7, currently under development at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Although the initial goal has been fully accomplished, RAVEN is now a multi-purpose probabilistic and uncertainty quantification platform, capable to agnostically communicate with any system code. This agnosticism includes providing Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). These APIs are used to allow RAVEN to interact with any code as long as all the parameters that need to be perturbed are accessible by input files or via python interfaces. RAVEN is capable of investigating the system response, and investigating the input space using Monte Carlo, Grid, or Latin Hyper Cube sampling schemes, but its strength is focused toward system feature discovery, such as limit surfaces, separating regions of the input space leading to system failure, using dynamic supervised learning techniques. The development of RAVEN started in 2012, when, within the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program, the need to provide a modern risk evaluation framework became stronger. RAVEN principal assignment is to provide the necessary software and algorithms in order to employ the concept developed by the Risk Informed Safety Margin Characterization (RISMC) program. RISMC is one of the pathways defined within the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program. In the RISMC approach, the goal is not just the individuation of the frequency of an event potentially leading to a system failure, but the closeness (or not) to key safety-related events. Hence, the approach is interested in identifying and increasing the safety margins related to those events. A safety margin is a numerical value quantifying the probability that a safety metric (e.g. for an important process such as peak pressure in a pipe) is exceeded under certain conditions. The initial development of RAVEN has been focused on providing dynamic risk assessment capability to RELAP-7, currently under development at the INL and, likely, future replacement of the RELAP5-3D code. Most the capabilities that have been implemented having RELAP-7 as principal focus are easily deployable for other system codes. For this reason, several side activates are currently ongoing for coupling RAVEN with software such as RELAP5-3D, etc. The aim of this document is the explanation of the input requirements, focusing on the input structure.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗