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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,171 records · Page 65
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with intracavity contacts and a rhomboidal current aperture for compact atomic clocks

Single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with intracavity contacts, composite distributed Bragg reflectors, and a rhomboidal selectively-oxidised current aperture are studied. It is shown that the use of a rhomboidal current aperture allows the light output polarisation to be fixed without using a special surface relief and leads to efficient narrowing of the emission line with retaining a high slope efficiency. The developed VCSELs have a high output power (exceeding 1 mW), a threshold current below 1 mA, an effective modulation frequency exceeding 5 GHz, and a linewidth smaller than 60 MHz at increased (65 – 75 °C) temperatures and are promising for application in compact Cs vapour cell atomic clocks. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Several versions of the compensated compactness principle

The convergence of the product of a solenoidal vector w{sub {epsilon}} and a gradient {nabla}u{sub {epsilon}} in L{sup 1}({Omega}) (where {Omega} is a region in R{sup d}) is investigated in the case when the factors converge weakly in the spaces L{sup {gamma}({Omega})}{sup d} and L{sup {alpha}({Omega})}{sup d}, respectively, with 1/{gamma}+1/{alpha}>1, which means that the main assumption of the classical div-curl lemma fails. Nevertheless, the same convergence (in the sense of distributions in {Omega}) as in the framework of the div-curl lemma, survives under certain additional assumptions. The new versions of the compensated compactness principle proved in the paper can be used in homogenization and in the theory of G-convergence of monotone operators with non-standard coercivity and growth properties, for instance, some degenerate operators. Bibliography: 20 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Criteria for compactness in L{sup p}-spaces, p {>=} 0

The paper puts forward new compactness criteria for spaces of summable and measurable functions on a metric space with measure satisfying the doubling condition. These criteria are formulated in terms of either local smoothness inequalities or maximal operators that measure local smoothness. Bibliography: 28 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ergodic decomposition for measures quasi-invariant under a Borel action of an inductively compact group

The aim of this paper is to prove ergodic decomposition theorems for probability measures which are quasi-invariant under Borel actions of inductively compact groups as well as for σ-finite invariant measures. For infinite measures the ergodic decomposition is not unique, but the measure class of the decomposing measure on the space of projective measures is uniquely defined by the initial invariant measure. Bibliography: 21 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Extension of transformation groups of compact solvmanifolds

We indicate a way to extend connected simply connected soluble Lie groups acting transitively and locally effectively on a given compact solvmanifold. In 1973, Auslander posed the problem of describing all groups of this kind. The results obtained here lead to the conclusion that it is unlikely that this problem has an exhaustive solution. Bibliography: 10 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Compact noncontraction semigroups of affine operators

We analyze compact multiplicative semigroups of affine operators acting in a finite-dimensional space. The main result states that every such semigroup is either contracting, that is, contains elements of arbitrarily small operator norm, or all its operators share a common invariant affine subspace on which this semigroup is contracting. The proof uses functional difference equations with contraction of the argument. We look at applications to self-affine partitions of convex sets, the investigation of finite affine semigroups and the proof of a criterion of primitivity for nonnegative matrix families. Bibliography: 32 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

A novel compact end-loaded piston cylinder cell for high pressure neutron scattering up to 5 GPa

Here, a miniature sized end-loaded piston cylinder cell with radial side windows for neutron scattering experiments is described. The principle of the bicone-shaped cylinders used was first presented by McWhan in 1974. The present cell is of compact portable design yet significantly enlarges the scattering angles. Its small size allows neutron scattering experiments at low temperatures. The bicone-shaped cylinders are made from various ceramics or a highly neutron-transmissive Ni-free Cr–Mo–V steel. Successful neutron scattering experiments up to 5 GPa have been demonstrated on the CORELLI single-crystal diffractometer and the VISION vibrational spectrometer of the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Neutrons↗
DOE OSTI2011

VII Zw 403: H I STRUCTURE IN A BLUE COMPACT DWARF GALAXY

We present optical (UBVJ), ultraviolet (FUV, NUV), and high-resolution atomic hydrogen (H I) observations of the nearby blue compact dwarf (BCD), VII Zw 403. We find that VII Zw 403 has a relatively high H I mass-to-light ratio for a BCD. The rotation velocity is nominally 10-15 km s{sup -1}, but rises to {approx}20 km s{sup -1} after correction for the {approx}8-10 km s{sup -1} random motions present in the gas. The velocity field is complex, including a variation in the position angle of the major axis going from the northeast to the southwest parts of the galaxy. Our high-resolution H I maps reveal structure in the central gas, including a large, low-density H I depression or hole between the southern and northern halves of the galaxy, coincident with an unresolved X-ray source. Although interactions have been proposed as the triggering mechanism for the vigorous star formation occurring in BCDs, VII Zw 403 does not seem to have been tidally triggered by an external interaction, as we have found no nearby possible perturbers. It also does not appear to fall in the set of galaxies that exhibit a strong central mass density concentration, as its optical scale length is large in comparison to similar systems. However, there are some features that are compatible with an accretion event: optical/H I axis misalignment, a change in position angle of the kinematic axis, and a complex velocity field.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMPACT STELLAR SYSTEMS: A FRESH VIEW OF ULTRACOMPACT DWARFS

We use a combined imaging and spectroscopic survey of the nearby central cluster galaxy, M87, to assemble a sample of 34 confirmed ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) with half-light radii of {approx}>10 pc measured from Hubble Space Telescope images. This doubles the existing sample in M87, making it the largest such sample for any galaxy, while extending the detection of UCDs to unprecedentedly low luminosities (M{sub V} = -9). With this expanded sample, we find no correlation between size and luminosity, in contrast to previous suggestions, and no general correlation between size and galactocentric distance. We explore the relationships between UCDs, less luminous extended clusters (including faint fuzzies), globular clusters (GCs), as well as early-type galaxies and their nuclei, assembling an extensive new catalog of sizes and luminosities for stellar systems. Most of the M87 UCDs follow a tight color-magnitude relation, offset from the metal-poor GCs. This, along with kinematical differences, demonstrates that most UCDs are a distinct population from normal GCs, and not simply a continuation to larger sizes and higher luminosities. The UCD color-magnitude trend couples closely with that for Virgo dwarf elliptical nuclei. We conclude that the M87 UCDs are predominantly stripped nuclei. The brightest and reddest UCDs may be the remnant nuclei of more massive galaxies while a subset of the faintest UCDs may be tidally limited and related to more compact star clusters. In the broader context of galaxy assembly, blue UCDs may trace halo build-up by accretion of low-mass satellites, while red UCDs may be markers of metal-rich bulge formation in larger galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF THE VERY METAL-POOR BLUE COMPACT DWARF I Zw 18 FROM HST/ACS DATA

We have derived the star formation history (SFH) of the blue compact dwarf galaxy I Zw 18 through comparison of deep HST/ACS data with synthetic color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). A statistical analysis was implemented for the identification of the best-fit SFH and relative uncertainties. We confirm that I Zw 18 is not a truly young galaxy, having started forming stars earlier than ∼1 Gyr ago, and possibly at epochs as old as a Hubble time. In I Zw 18's main body we infer a lower limit of ≈2 × 10{sup 6} M {sub ☉} for the mass locked up in old stars. I Zw 18's main body has been forming stars very actively during the last ∼10 Myr, with an average star formation rate (SFR) as high as ≈1 M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1} (or ≈2 × 10{sup –5} M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1} pc{sup –2}). On the other hand, the secondary body was much less active at these epochs, in agreement with the absence of significant nebular emission. The high current SFR can explain the very blue colors and the high ionized gas content in I Zw 18, resembling primeval galaxies in the early universe. Detailed chemical evolution models are required to quantitatively check whether the SFH from the synthetic CMDs can explain the low measured element abundances, or if galactic winds with loss of metals are needed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

HATS9-b and HATS10-b: Two compact hot jupiters in field 7 of the K2 mission

We report the discovery of two transiting extrasolar planets by the HATSouth survey. HATS-9b orbits an old (10.8 ± 1.5 Gyr) V = 13.3 G dwarf star with a period P≈1.9153 days. The host star has a mass of 1.03 M{sub ⊙}, radius of 1.503 R{sub ⊙} , and effective temperature 5366 ± 70 K. The planetary companion has a mass of 0.837 M{sub J} and radius of 1.065 R{sub J}, yielding a mean density of 0.85 g cm{sup −3}. HATS-10b orbits a V = 13.1 G dwarf star with a period P≈3.3128 days. The host star has a mass of 1.1 M{sub ⊙}, radius of 1.11 R{sub ⊙} , and effective temperature 5880 ± 120 K. The planetary companion has a mass of 0.53 M{sub J} and radius of 0.97 R{sub J}, yielding a mean density of 0.7 g cm{sup −3}. Both planets are compact in comparison with planets receiving similar irradiation from their host stars and lie in the nominal coordinates of Field 7 of K2, but only HATS-9b falls on working silicon. Future characterization of HATS-9b with the exquisite photometric precision of the Kepler telescope may provide measurements of its reflected light signature.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

COMPACT OPTICAL COUNTERPARTS OF ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES

Using archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data, we report the multiband photometric properties of 13 ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) that have a unique compact optical counterpart. Both magnitude and color variation are detected at timescales of days to years. The optical color, variability, and X-ray to optical flux ratio indicate that the optical emission of most ULXs is dominated by X-ray reprocessing on the disk, similar to that of low-mass X-ray binaries. For most sources, the optical spectrum is a power law, F{sub {nu}}{proportional_to}{nu}{sup {alpha}} with {alpha} in the range 1.0-2.0 and the optically emitting region has a size on the order of 10{sup 12} cm. Exceptions are NGC 2403 X-1 and M83 IXO 82, which show optical spectra consistent with direct emission from a standard thin disk, M101 ULX-1 and M81 ULS1, which have X-ray to optical flux ratios more similar to high-mass X-ray binaries, and IC 342 X-1, in which the optical light may be dominated by the companion star. Inconsistent extinction between the optical counterpart of NGC 5204 X-1 and the nearby optical nebulae suggests that they may be unrelated.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

ULTRA-COMPACT DWARFS IN THE COMA CLUSTER

We have undertaken a spectroscopic search for ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) in the dense core of the dynamically evolved, massive Coma cluster as part of the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) Coma Cluster Treasury Survey. UCD candidates were initially chosen based on color, magnitude, degree of resolution within the ACS images, and the known properties of Fornax and Virgo UCDs. Follow-up spectroscopy with Keck/Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer confirmed 27 candidates as members of the Coma cluster, a success rate >60% for targeted objects brighter than M{sub R} = -12. Another 14 candidates may also prove to be Coma members, but low signal-to-noise spectra prevent definitive conclusions. An investigation of the properties and distribution of the Coma UCDs finds these objects to be very similar to UCDs discovered in other environments. The Coma UCDs tend to be clustered around giant galaxies in the cluster core and have colors/metallicity that correlate with the host galaxy. With properties and a distribution similar to that of the Coma cluster globular cluster population, we find strong support for a star cluster origin for the majority of the Coma UCDs. However, a few UCDs appear to have stellar population or structural properties which differentiate them from the old star cluster populations found in the Coma cluster, perhaps indicating that UCDs may form through multiple formation channels.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

X-RAYS FROM BLUE COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES

We measured the X-ray fluxes from an optically selected sample of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) with metallicities <0.07 and solar distances less than 15 Mpc. Four X-ray point sources were observed in three galaxies, with five galaxies having no detectable X-ray emission. Comparing X-ray luminosity and star formation rate (SFR), we find that the total X-ray luminosity of the sample is more than 10 times greater than expected if X-ray luminosity scales with SFR according to the relation found for normal-metallicity star-forming galaxies. However, due to the low number of sources detected, one can exclude the hypothesis that the relation of the X-ray binaries to SFR in low-metallicity BCDs is identical to that in normal galaxies only at the 96.6% confidence level. It has recently been proposed that X-ray binaries were an important source of heating and reionization of the intergalactic medium at the epoch of reionization. If BCDs are analogs to unevolved galaxies in the early universe, then enhanced X-ray binary production in BCDs would suggest an enhanced impact of X-ray binaries on the early thermal history of the universe.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

GLOBAL MODELING OF RADIATIVELY DRIVEN ACCRETION OF METALS FROM COMPACT DEBRIS DISKS ONTO WHITE DWARFS

Recent infrared observations have revealed the presence of compact (radii {approx}< R{sub sun}) debris disks around more than a dozen metal-rich white dwarfs (WDs), likely produced by a tidal disruption of asteroids. Accretion of high-Z material from these disks may account for the metal contamination of these WDs. It was previously shown using local calculations that the Poynting-Robertson (PR) drag acting on the dense, optically thick disk naturally drives metal accretion onto the WD at the typical rate M-dot{sub PR}{approx}10{sup 8} g s{sup -1}. Here we extend this local analysis by exploring the global evolution of the debris disk under the action of the PR drag for a variety of assumptions about the disk properties. We find that massive disks (mass {approx}> 10{sup 20} g), which are optically thick to incident stellar radiation, inevitably give rise to metal accretion at rates M-dot {approx}>0.2 M-dot{sub PR}. The magnitude of M-dot and its time evolution are determined predominantly by the initial pattern of the radial distribution of the debris (i.e., ring-like versus disk-like) but not by the total mass of the disk. The latter determines only the disk lifetime, which can be several Myr or longer. The evolution of an optically thick disk generically results in the development of a sharp outer edge of the disk. We also find that the low-mass ({approx}< 10{sup 20} g), optically thin disks exhibit M-dot << M-dot{sub PR} and evolve on a characteristic timescale {approx}10{sup 5}-10{sup 6} yr, independent of their total mass.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

SPITZER/INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH INVESTIGATION OF MIPSGAL 24 {mu}m COMPACT BUBBLES

The MIPSGAL 24 {mu}m Galactic Plane Survey has revealed more than 400 compact-extended objects. Less than 15% of these MIPSGAL bubbles (MBs) are known and identified as evolved stars. We present Spitzer observations of four MBs obtained with the InfraRed Spectrograph to determine the origin of the mid-IR emission. We model the mid-IR gas lines and the dust emission to infer physical conditions within the MBs and consequently their nature. Two MBs show a dust-poor spectrum dominated by highly ionized gas lines of [O IV], [Ne III], [Ne V], [S III], and [S IV]. We identify them as planetary nebulae with a density of a few 10{sup 3} cm{sup -3} and a central white dwarf of {approx}>200,000 K. The mid-IR emission of the two other MBs is dominated by a dust continuum and lower-excitation lines. Both of them show a central source in the near-IR (Two Micron All Sky Survey and IRAC) broadband images. The first dust-rich MB matches a Wolf-Rayet star of {approx}60,000 K at 7.5 kpc with dust components of {approx}170 and {approx}1750 K. Its mass is about 10{sup -3} M{sub sun} and its mass loss is about 10{sup -6} M{sub sun} yr{sup -1}. The second dust-rich MB has recently been suggested as a Be/B[e]/luminous blue variable candidate. The gas lines of [Fe II] as well as hot continuum components ({approx}300 and {approx}1250 K) arise from the inside of the MB while its outer shell emits a colder dust component ({approx}75 K). The distance to the MB remains highly uncertain. Its mass is about 10{sup -3} M{sub sun} and its mass loss is about 10{sup -5} M{sub sun} yr{sup -1}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

ACCELERATING COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS IN TRIPLE SYSTEMS WITH THE KOZAI RESONANCE: A MECHANISM FOR 'PROMPT' TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE, GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, AND OTHER EXOTICA

White dwarf-white dwarf (WD-WD) and neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) mergers may produce Type Ia supernovae and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), respectively. A general problem is how to produce binaries with semi-major axes small enough to merge in significantly less than the Hubble time (t{sub H}), and thus accommodate the observation that these events closely follow episodes of star formation. I explore the possibility that such systems are not binaries at all, but actually coeval, or dynamical formed, triple systems. The tertiary induces Kozai oscillations in the inner binary, driving it to high eccentricity, and reducing its gravitational wave (GW) merger timescale. This effect significantly increases the allowed range of binary period P such that the merger time is t{sub merge} < t{sub H}. In principle, Chandrasekhar-mass binaries with P {approx} 300 days can merge in {approx}< t{sub H} if they contain a prograde solar-mass tertiary at high enough inclination. For retrograde tertiaries, the maximum P such that t{sub merge} {approx}< t{sub H} is yet larger. In contrast, P {approx}< 0.3 days is required in the absence of a tertiary. I discuss implications of these findings for the production of transients formed via compact object binary mergers. Based on the statistics of solar-type binaries, I argue that many such binaries should be in triple systems affected by the Kozai resonance. If true, expectations for the mHz GW signal from individual sources, the diffuse background, and the foreground for GW experiments like LISA are modified. This work motivates future studies of triples systems of A, B, and O stars, and new types of searches for WD-WD binaries in triple systems.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

SPECTROSCOPY OF LUMINOUS COMPACT BLUE GALAXIES IN DISTANT CLUSTERS. I. SPECTROSCOPIC DATA

We used the DEIMOS spectrograph on the Keck II Telescope to obtain spectra of galaxies in the fields of five distant, rich galaxy clusters over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 0.9 in a search for luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs). Unlike traditional studies of galaxy clusters, we preferentially targeted blue cluster members identified via multi-band photometric pre-selection based on imaging data from the WIYN telescope. Of the 1288 sources that we targeted, we determined secure spectroscopic redshifts for 848 sources, yielding a total success rate of 66%. Our redshift measurements are in good agreement with those previously reported in the literature, except for 11 targets which we believe were previously in error. Within our sample, we confirm the presence of 53 LCBGs in the five galaxy clusters. The clusters all stand out as distinct peaks in the redshift distribution of LCBGs with the average number density of LCBGs ranging from 1.65 {+-} 0.25 Mpc{sup -3} at z = 0.55 to 3.13 {+-} 0.65 Mpc{sup -3} at z = 0.8. The number density of LCBGs in clusters exceeds the field density by a factor of 749 {+-} 116 at z = 0.55; at z = 0.8, the corresponding ratio is E = 416 {+-} 95. At z = 0.55, this enhancement is well above that seen for blue galaxies or the overall cluster population, indicating that LCBGs are preferentially triggered in high-density environments at intermediate redshifts.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗