Flight operations of an unmanned planetary mission.
Ground system design, data processing, digital command and digital-human interface in flight operations problems for unmanned spacecraft on planetary exploration mission
DIGITAL COMMAND SYSTEM↗
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Results for “Data Digitization”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Automated storage and retrieval of data obtained in the Interkosmos project
The formation of a data bank and information retrieval system for scientific data is described. The stored data can be digital or documentation data. Data classification methods are discussed along with definition and compilation of the dictionary utilized, definition of the indexing scheme, and definition of the principles used in constructing a file for documents, data blocks, and tapes. Operating principles are also presented.
Ziolkovski, K.↗
Quantitative optical scanning tests of complex microcircuits
An approach for the development of the optical scanner as a screening inspection instrument for microcircuits involves comparing the quantitative differences in photoresponse images and then correlating them with electrical parameter differences in test devices. The existing optical scanner was modified so that the photoresponse data could be recorded and subsequently digitized. A method was devised for applying digital image processing techniques to the digitized photoresponse data in order to quantitatively compare the data. Electrical tests were performed and photoresponse images were recorded before and following life test intervals on two groups of test devices. Correlations were made between differences or changes in the electrical parameters of the test devices.
Erickson, J. J.↗
The Use of Multi-Source Satellite and Geospatial Data to Study the Effect of Urbanization of Primary Productivity in the United States
Data from two different satellites, a digital land cover map, and digital census data were analyzed and combined in a geographic information system to study the effect of urbanization on photosynthetic vegetation productivity in the United States. Results show that urbanization can have a measurable but variable impact on the primary productivity of the land surface. Annual productivity can be reduced by as much as 20 days in some areas, but in resource limited regions, photosynthetic production can be enhanced by human activity. Overall, urban development reduces the productivity of the land surface and those areas with the highest productivity are directly in the path of urban sprawl.
Imhoff, M. L.↗
A digital system to produce imagery from SAR data
This paper describes a digital processing algorithm and its associated system design for producing images from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The proposed system uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach to perform the two-dimensional correlation process. The range migration problem, which is often a major obstacle to efficient processing, can be alleviated by approximating the locus of echoes from a point target by several linear segments. SAR data corresponding to each segment is correlated separately, and the results are coherently summed to produce full-resolution images. This processing approach exhibits greatly improved computation efficiency relative to conventional digital processing methods.
Wu, C.↗
Digital computer terrain mapping from multispectral data, and evaluation of proposed Earth Resources Technology Satellite /ERTS/ data channels, Yellowstone National Park - Preliminary report
Digital computer processing of airborne multispectral data, discussing automatic recognition and mapping of terrain distribution, Earth Resources Technology Satellite data channel efficiency, etc
Hoffer, R. M.↗
Data reduction by computer processing
The automated analysis of remote sensing data, specifically digital processing of LANDSAT or other image data in numerical form was considered in a technical workshop which covered the teaching of digital image processing, including both theoretical and applied subjects and laboratory experience, and also reviewed NASA developed image processing software, and hardware/software systems employed at NASA-Ames Research Center in support of the Western Regional Applications Program (WRAP). A course titled Image Processing Lab, one of two courses required for a graduate minor in remote sensing at Arizona is examined as well as the rationale, content, and hardware/software support for this course.
Lumb, D. R.↗
Cloud cover estimation: Use of GOES imagery in development of cloud cover data base for insolation assessment
The potential of using digital satellite data to establish a cloud cover data base for the United States, one that would provide detailed information on the temporal and spatial variability of cloud development are studied. Key elements include: (1) interfacing GOES data from the University of Wisconsin Meteorological Data Facility with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's VICAR image processing system and IBIS geographic information system; (2) creation of a registered multitemporal GOES data base; (3) development of a simple normalization model to compensate for sun angle; (4) creation of a variable size georeference grid that provides detailed cloud information in selected areas and summarized information in other areas; and (5) development of a cloud/shadow model which details the percentage of each grid cell that is cloud and shadow covered, and the percentage of cloud or shadow opacity. In addition, comparison of model calculations of insolation with measured values at selected test sites was accomplished, as well as development of preliminary requirements for a large scale data base of cloud cover statistics.
Huning, J. R.↗
Conversion of cardiac performance data in analog form for digital computer entry
A system is presented which will reduce analog cardiac performance data and convert the results to digital form for direct entry into a commercial time-shared computer. Circuits are discussed which perform the measurement and digital conversion of instantaneous systolic and diastolic parameters from the analog blood pressure waveform. Digital averaging over a selected number of heart cycles is performed on these measurements, as well as those of flow and heart rate. The determination of average cardiac output and peripheral resistance, including trends, is the end result after processing by digital computer.
Miller, R. L.↗
Preliminary Analysis of AVIRIS Data for Tectonostratigraphic Assessment of Northern Guerrero
The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the southern margin of North American Plate in Mexico is still in debate. Recent explanations assert Laramide age (Campanian-Eocene) accretion of far-traveled oceanic terranes (Campa and Coney, 1983; Sedlock et al. 1993). In 1989, we began an effort to bring new data to this debate through field mapping, incorporating Lansat Thematic Mapper and digital elevation data, along a 30km by 250km, east-west geologic transect on northern Guerrero State.
AVIRIS tectonostratigraphic evolution Laramide age↗
Animation and Visualization of Space Mission Data
Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been processing digital image data returned from remote sensing instruments on spacecraft sine the Mariner 4 spacecraft flew by Mars in 1964.
digital image processing techniqes↗
Digital image processing applied to analysis of geophysical and geochemical data for southern Missouri
Digital image-processing techniques have been used to analyze a variety of geophysical and geochemical map data covering southern Missouri, a region with important basement and strata-bound mineral deposits. Gravity and magnetic anomaly patterns, which have been reformatted to image displays, indicate a deep crustal structure cutting northwest-southeast through southern Missouri. In addition, geologic map data, topography, and Landsat multispectral scanner images have been used as base maps for the digital overlay of aerial gamma-ray and stream sediment chemical data for the 1 x 2-deg Rolla quadrangle. Results indicate enrichment of a variety of elements within the clay-rich alluvium covering many of the interfluvial plains, as well as a complicated pattern of enrichment for the sedimentary units close to the Precambrian rhyolites and granites of the St. Francois Mountains.
Guinness, E. A.↗
Digital computer terrain mapping from multispectral data, and evaluation of proposed Earth Resources Technology Satellite /ERTS/ data channels, Yellowstone National Park - Preliminary report
Digital computer processing of visible and reflective infrared scanner data for automatic computer mapping of Yellowstone National Park
Hoffer, R. M.↗
A plan for the characterization, calibration, and evaluation of LAPR-2
A new airborne Linear Array Pushbroom Radiometer (LAPR-II) was built. LAPR-II will use linear arrays of silicon detectors to acquire four channels of digital image data for spectral bands within the visible and near infrared portions of the spectrum (0.4 - 1.0 micrometers). The data will be quantized to 10 bits, and spectral filters for each channel will be changeable in flight. The instrument will initially be flown aboard a NASA/Wallops' aircraft, and off nadir pointing of LAPR-II will be possible. Together, the instrument and its platform will provide a flexible readily available source of digital image data for scientific experiments. If LAPR-II is to serve as a precise scientific instrument, the instrument's characteristics must be quantitatively described and the data must be calibrated with respect to absolute radiometric units. The LAPR-II is described and the work required to characterize the instrument's spectral response, radiometric response, and spatial resolution and to calibrate the response from the many detectors per array is outlined.
Ilrons, J. R.↗
Interpretation and automatic image enhancement facility
The author has identified the following significant results. Efforts to provide data processing support for ERTS-1 investigators in Kansas are summarized. Programs have been developed for data retrieval, feature extraction, and classification of digital MSS data. The IDECS/PDP-15 facility at the University of Kansas Remote Sensing Laboratory has been used for quick look analysis of ERTS-1 imagery. Programs have been developed for studying fresh water bodies in ERTS-1 imagery over Kansas on the IDECS.
Haralick, R. M.↗
Applications of ERTS-1 Data Collection System (DCS) in the Arizona Regional Ecological Test Site (ARETS)
The author has identified the following significant results. The DCS water-stage data from the USGS streamflow gaging station on the Verde River near Camp Verde furnished information sufficient for the accurate computation of daily mean streamflow rates during the first 2 months of operation. Daily mean flow rates computed from the DCS data agreed with those computed from the digital recorder data within + or - 5% during periods of stable or slowly changing flow and within + or - 10% during periods of rapidly changing high flow. The SRP was furnished near-real time DCS information on snow moisture content and streamflow rates for use in the management and operation of the multiple-use reservoir system. The SRP, by prudent water management and the use of near-real time hydrologic data furnished by microwave and ERTS DCS telemetry, was successful in anticipating the amount of flow into the Salt and Verde Rivers and in the subsequent release of water at rates that did not create flooding in metropolitan Phoenix. Only minor flooding occurred along the Gila River west of Phoenix. According to the Maricopa County Civil Defense agency, wage and salary losses of about $11,400,000 resulted from closing of roads across the Salt River in the winter and spring of 1972-73; however, the number and duration of the closing were minimized by use of DCS data.
Schumann, H. H.↗
Tracking Steady Light Sources Amid Luminous Transients
The Transient Event Rejection for Acquisition and Tracking (TERAT) algorithm governs operation of image-data-acquisition and -processing system. TERAT processes digitized image data to acquire (that is, identify) candidate steady source of light, validate candidate source, and track validated source, all in presence of real or apparent luminous transients represented in image data. Source of light tracked could be star or distant luminous beacon. Transients caused by impacts of ionizing radiation on imaging array of photodetectors or by unsteady light sources not meant to be tracked. TERAT functions with limited data-processing resources. TERAT algorithm currently operational on NASA's TOPEX mission.
Kissh, Frank↗
Global system data bus using the Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communication protocol
Modern digital avionic systems with distributed processing require networking to connect the many elements. Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communication (DATAC) is one of many such networks. DATAC has been implemented on the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV), a Boeing 737 aircraft operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Advanced Transport Operating Systems Program Office (ATOPS). This paper presents the TSRV implementation of the DATAC bus, a description of the DATAC system, a synchronization mechanism, details of data flow throughout the system, and a discussion of the modes available with DATAC. Numerous flight tests have been conducted using DATAC as the only means of communication between systems with outstanding results. DATAC is now an integral part of the TSRV and is expected to satisfy near term as well as future requirements for growth and flexibility.
Holmes, David C. E.↗