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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Interests in Superconducting and Cryogenic Technology

NASA develops and operates technology for a wide range of applications and environments across its aeronautics and space portfolios. This presentation will summarize the applications and environments where superconducting technology and associated cryogenics are contributing to NASA’s missions and areas where there is an opportunity to expand the contribution. Important characteristics of high priority space environments will be discussed. An emphasis will be placed on aircraft propulsion and NASA’s Artemis mission (a Moon to Mars initiative). The discussion of space applications will include takeaways from NASA’s recent rankings of 187 space technology “shortfalls”. The aircraft propulsion application will be described in detail and existing NASA investments will be summarized.

Electrified Aircraft Propulsion↗
DOE OSTI2026

Weak localization and universal conductance fluctuations in large-area twisted bilayer graphene

We study diffusive magnetotransport in highly 𝑝-doped large-area twisted bilayer graphene in 1∘, 7∘, 9∘, and 20∘ samples. All samples exhibit weak localization, from which we extract the phase coherence length and intervalley scattering lengths, and from that determine that dephasing is caused by electron-electron scattering and intervalley scattering is caused by point defects. We observe signatures of universal conductance fluctuations in the 9∘ sample, which has high mobility and is near the van Hove singularity. Further improvements in sample quality and applications to large-area moiré materials will open new avenues to observe quantum interference effects.

Talkington, Spenser [University of Pennsylvania]↗
NASA NTRS2026

Diamond-Loaded Polyimide Aerogel Scattering Filters and Their Applications in Astrophysical and Planetary Science Observations

Infrared-blocking, aerogel-based scattering filters have a broad range of potential applications in astrophysics and planetary science instruments in the far-infrared, sub-millimeter, and microwave regimes. This paper demonstrates the ability of conductively-loaded, polyimide aerogel filters to meet the mechanical and science instrument requirements for several experiments, including the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS), the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM), and the Sub-millimeter Solar Observation Lunar Volatiles Experiment (SSOLVE). Thermal multi-physics simulations of the filters predict their performance when integrated into a cryogenic receiver. Prototype filters have survived cryogenic cycling to 4 K with no degradation in mechanical properties. Measurement of total hemispherical reflectance and transmittance, as well as cryogenic tests of the aerogel filters in a full receiver context, allow estimates of the integrated infrared emissivity of the filters. Knowledge of the emissivity will help instrument designers incorporate the filters into future experiments in planetary science, astrophysics, and cosmology.

Kyle R Helson↗
DOE OSTI2026

Atomic- and Molecular-Scale Interphase Engineering for High-Performance Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) promise a decisive advance beyond conventional Li-ion systems, yet their development remains constrained by persistent solid–solid interfacial instabilities that degrade performance and durability. Interfaces between solid electrolytes and both cathodes and Li metal often exhibit poor wettability, limited physical contact, and high charge–transfer resistance, leading to chemical decomposition, mechanical failure, and impedance growth. Overcoming these limitations requires interphase engineering with atomic-scale precision—capabilities that conventional coating methods cannot reliably deliver. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) uniquely meet this need by enabling ultrathin, conformal, and composition-tunable films that stabilize reactive surfaces, suppress parasitic reactions, and regulate Li-metal morphology. Importantly, this Perspective highlights ALD/MLD systems that have already demonstrated effectiveness in liquid-electrolyte cells and discusses how these validated strategies can be deliberately translated to solid-state architectures. By grounding future directions in experimentally proven concepts rather than speculative hypotheses, we outline how atomic- and molecular-scale design principles can accelerate the development of robust, high-performance SSB technologies.

atomic and molecular layer deposition↗
DOE OSTI2026

Expanding the horizon of bio-naphtha beyond gasoline blend: property characterization and conversion opportunity assessment through technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses

Bio-naphtha, a common by-product of biorefineries, is expected to experience substantial growth in supply due to increasing demands for renewable diesel and synthetic aviation fuel (SAF). However, demand for bio-naphtha itself as a gasoline blendstock is limited because of the electrification of light-duty vehicles. This work investigated valorization opportunities for bio-naphtha from catalytic fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and hydrotreated esters and fatty acids pathways. These opportunities include producing polymer-grade olefin via steam cracking, SAF via steam cracking followed by olefin oligomerization, and renewable aromatics benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) and hydrogen via catalytic reforming. Process models were developed in Aspen Plus V14 and Aspen HYSYS V14 to calculate the mass and energy balances for each conversion step. Technoeconomic assessment and life-cycle analysis were conducted to evaluate the minimum fuel/product selling price, conversion cost, and life-cycle CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emission reduction. Technoeconomic assessment results suggest a minimum fuel/product selling price as low as $1.9/kg of olefins, $6.30/gal of gasoline-equivalent SAF, and $1.2/kg of BTX without any incentives. For all pathways, these prices are dominated by bio-naphtha feedstock costs, which account for at least 76% of the total cost. Compared with petroleum baselines, bio-naphtha-derived SAF, olefins, and BTX can achieve significant CO2e emission reductions from the use of renewable carbon resources. The results of life-cycle analysis and subsequent technoeconomic assessment, incorporating carbon credits, indicate the economic viability of using bio-naphtha for polymer-grade olefin and BTX production, with product costs comparable to market prices.

Xu, Shuang↗
NASA NTRS1980

Pocket nickel cadmium cell and battery evaluation

The Nickel Cadmium 129-ampere hour cell was tested in order to characterize the cell under controlled conditions. Results of charge characterization and discharge characterization are reported. Ampere hour efficiency, open circuit stand, and cycle life operation results are included. The battery is briefly described.

Lear, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Evaluation of Cycle Life and Characterization of YTP 45 Ah Li-Ion Battery for EMU

Li-ion batteries, with longer cycle life and higher energy density features, are now more and more attractive and applied in multiple fields. The YTP 45 Ah Li-ion battery has been evaluated here and may be employed in EMU in the future. Evaluations were on: (1) Cycle life tests - 500 cycles total (completed 40 cycles in simulated shuttle use mode and 460 cycles in an accelerated use mode, and recorded differential voltage of individual cell in battery); (2) Characterization test - discharge capacity measurement in environment temperature of -10, 25, 50 C before and after 500 cycles; and (3) Thermal testing - charge and discharge at 50 C and -10 C before and after 500 cycles. The battery showed less than a 9% drop of initial discharge capacity and energy within 500 cycles with 475 cycles 59% DOD plus 25 cycles 100% DOD. The EOD voltage ranged from 16.0 to 18.0 V, which fits the requirement for operating the EMU.

Deng, Yi↗
DOE OSTI2026

Contrasting structural reversibility and magnetic correlations in isostructural honeycomb magnets CrCl3 and 𝛼−RuCl3

We report a comparative neutron single crystal diffraction study of the structural and magnetic properties of layered halides CrCl3 and 𝛼−RuCl3. They host a honeycomb arrangement of transition metal ions with distinct electronic configurations and undergo a first-order structural transition between high-temperature 𝐶⁢2/𝑚 and low-temperature 𝑅⁢‾‾‾3. Both compounds show a step-like change in the 𝑐-lattice parameter across the structure transition. In contrast, the in-plane lattice response is quite different: 𝛼−RuCl3 exhibits an abrupt hysteretic change across the transition accompanied by progressive crystalline degradation upon thermal cycling, whereas CrCl3 shows a smooth in-plane lattice evolution and remains structurally robust. Magnetically, CrCl3 orders into an A-type antiferromagnetic structure at 𝑇𝑁=14 K and exhibits pronounced diffuse magnetic scattering extending up to about 40 K. 𝛼−RuCl3 shows no observable magnetic diffuse scattering above its zigzag antiferromagnetic ordering temperature 𝑇𝑁=7.6 K. These results suggest that the contrasting structural responses arise from an interplay between interlayer sliding energetics, stacking-strain coupling, and elastic accommodation of the stacking transition. The distinct chemical bonding and electronic configurations of the two compounds provide a microscopic basis for their different lattice responses to the structure transition and magnetic correlations.

Morgan, Zachary [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000243625911)↗
NASA NTRS1992

Fifth Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research (Soar 1991), Volume 1

More than 110 papers were presented at this Symposium, sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, the University of Houston-Clear Lake, and NASA JSC. The technical areas covered were Intelligent Systems, Automation and Robotics, Human Factors and Life Sciences, and Environmental Interactions. The U.S. Air Force and NASA programmatic overviews and panel discussions were also held in each technical area. These proceedings, along with the comments and suggestions made by the panelists and keynote speakers, will be used in assessing the progress made in joint USAF/NASA projects and activities. Furthermore, future collaborative/joint programs will also be identified. The symposium proceedings includes papers covering various disciplines presented by experts from NASA, the Air Force, universities, and industry.

Mars missions↗
NASA NTRS1985

Aerodynamics and Acoustics of Propellers

A state of the art review of the aerodynamic design and testing of modern propellers, acoustic and vibration environmental problems and their solutions, and considerations in the integration of the propeller(s) and airframe is presented. Propellers have recently become a focus of attention after having been neglected for many years. The efficient use of propellers as a propulsion medium up to Mach 0.6 was realized at the expense of high noise and vibration. Since the mid-1970s there have been many developments, including the propfan, with an aerodynamic efficiency of 80% at Mach 0.8 now seriously challenges the fanjet. The advent of the supercritical airfoil is another significant development beginning to influence propeller design.

Design↗