Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “SIMPLE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

The impact of mixed solvents on the complexation thermodynamics of Eu(III) by simple carboxylate and amino carboxylate ligands

To gain insight on the role of mixed solvents on the thermodynamic driving forces for the complexation between trivalent f-elements and organic ligands, solution phase thermodynamic parameters were determined for Eu(III) complexation with 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA) in mixed methanol (MeOH)-water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-water solvents. Included in this study were the determination of mixed solvent autoprotolysis constants (pK α ) as well as the thermodynamic formation constants: log β, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS, for ligand protonation and Eu(III)-ligand complexation utilizing potentiometry and calorimetry techniques. The results presented are conditional thermodynamic values determined at an ionic strength of 1.0 M NaClO 4 and a temperature of 298 K. It was found that moving from an aqueous solution to a binary aqueous-organic solvent affected all solution equilibria to some degree and that the extent of change depended on both the type of mixed solvent and the ligand in each study. Here, the ability to understand and predict these changes in thermodynamic values as a function of solvent composition provides important information about the chemistry of the trivalent f-elements.

2-aminoisobutyric acid↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dysprosium complexes with mono-/di-carboxylate ligands—From simple dimers to 2D and 3D frameworks

Four dysprosium (Dy) single carboxylates, a formate, a propionate, a butyrate and an oxalate have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure of Dy(HCO{sub 2}){sub 3} (1) contains nine-fold coordinated Dy polyhedra in perfect tricapped trigonal prisms. They are linked through trigonal O atoms forming 1D pillars which are further linked together through tricapped O atoms into a 3D pillared metal organic framework. The network structure is stable up to 360 °C. The structure of [Dy{sub 2}(C{sub 2}O{sub 4}){sub 3}(H{sub 2}O){sub 6}]·2.5H{sub 2}O (2) contains nine-fold coordinated Dy polyhedra linking together through μ{sub 2}-bridging oxalate anions into a 2D hexagonal layered structure. Both [Dy{sub 2}(Pr){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}]·(HPr){sub 0.5} (3) [Pr=(C{sub 2}H{sub 5}CO{sub 2}){sup −1}] and [Dy{sub 2}(Bu){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}] (4) [Bu=(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}CO{sub 2}){sup −1}] have similar di-nuclear structures. The Raman vibration modes of the complexes have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: Four dysprosium (Dy) complexes with formate, propionate, butyrate and oxalate ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The Dy formato complex has a 3D pillared metal organic framework and the structure is stable up to 360 °C whilst the complexes with longer alkyl chained mono-carboxylates possess similar di-nuclear structures. The Dy oxalato complex has a 2D hexagonal (honeycomb-type) structure. Their Raman vibration modes have been investigated. - Highlights: • New Dysprosium complexes with formate, propionate, butyrate and oxalate ligands. • Crystal structures range from dimers to two and three dimensional frameworks. • Vibrational modes have been investigated and correlated to the structures. • The complexes are thermal robust and stable to over 300 °C.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Simple synthetic route to manganese-containing nanowires with the spinel crystal structure

This report describes a new route to synthesize single-crystalline manganese-containing spinel nanowires (NWs) by a two-step hydrothermal and solid-state synthesis. Interestingly, a nanowire or nanorod morphology is maintained during conversion from MnO{sub 2}/MnOOH to CuMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/Mg{sub 2}MnO{sub 4}, despite the massive structural rearrangement this must involve. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of the products give preliminary demonstration that CuMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} NWs are catalytically active towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution, exhibiting five times the magnitude of current density found with pure carbon black. - Highlights: • Synthesis of single-crystalline manganese-containing spinel nanowires. • Binary oxide nanowire converted to ternary oxide wire through solid state reaction. • Approach to structure conversion with shape retention could be generally applicable. • Copper and Manganese display multiple oxidation states with potential for catalysis. • CuMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowires show promise as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

A simple route for making surfactant free lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots

Highlights: • Surfactant free PbS NCs were successfully synthesised using CoSP technique. • The technique eliminates the requirements of washing to remove the ligands. • Grinding using mortar and pestle creates well separated PbS QDs. • Surfactant free PbS NCs are stable and do not show any degradation with time. - Abstract: An efficient, cost effective and less time consuming method suitable for mass production of surfactant free quantum dots (QDs) of lead sulfide (PbS) is reported. PbS nanocrystals (NCs) are first synthesised by continuous spray pyrolysis (CoSP) technique and de-agglomeration into PbS quantum dots (QDs) is achieved by vigorous mechanical grinding using mortar and pestle. Lead acetate and thiourea were used as the precursor materials for preparation of surfactant free PbS NCs. The broadening in XRD peaks of ground NCs as compared to as synthesized PbS NCs clearly indicated the reduction in particle size to be QDs of PbS. The TEM images also showed that ground PbS NCs were nearly spherical in shape having an average diameter in the range of 4–6 nm. The shift in optical gap from 0.41 eV to 1.47 eV supported the QD formation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P core/shell composites: Simple hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and its photocatalytic degradation of pyronine B

Highlights: • ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P composites have been firstly synthesized via a gentle hydrothermal route. • The composites have been characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. • ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity for pyronine B. • The reason for the enhanced photocatalytic activity has been discussed. - Abstract: ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P core/shell composites were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The composites have been characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and the corresponding results showed that the composites were composed of the cubic ZnS microspheres, which were made up of ZnS nanoparticles, and Ni{sub 2}P nanoparticles coated on the surfaces of ZnS microspheres. Compared with ZnS microspheres, ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P core/shell composites showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity for pyronine B under UV irradiation. This may be related to the effective separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P composites which can greatly reduce the chance of their recombination. Furthermore, superoxide ions and hydroxyl radical can be more easily produced through ZnS/Ni{sub 2}P composites, which is also beneficial for the degradation of pyronine B.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗