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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,225 records · Page 68
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

A consistent and conservative scheme for MHD flows with complex boundaries on an unstructured Cartesian adaptive system

The numerical simulation of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flows with complex boundaries has been a topic of great interest in the development of a fusion reactor blanket for the difficulty to accurately simulate the Hartmann layers and side layers along arbitrary geometries. An adaptive version of a consistent and conservative scheme has been developed for simulating the MHD flows. Besides, the present study forms the first attempt to apply the cut-cell approach for irregular wall-bounded MHD flows, which is more flexible and conveniently implemented under adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique. It employs a Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) approach to represent the fluid–conducting wall interface that makes it possible to solve the fluid–solid coupling magnetic problems, emphasizing at how electric field solver is implemented when conductivity is discontinuous in cut-cell. For the irregular cut-cells, the conservative interpolation technique is applied to calculate the Lorentz force at cell-center. On the other hand, it will be shown how consistent and conservative scheme is implemented on fine/coarse mesh boundaries when using AMR technique. Then, the applied numerical schemes are validated by five test simulations and excellent agreement was obtained for all the cases considered, simultaneously showed good consistency and conservative properties.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dynamic Modeling of a Fast Spectrum Molten Salt Reactor Integrated Energy System

Liquid-fueled molten salt fast reactors and nuclear-powered integrated energy systems (IESs) have the potential to play a pivotal role in the green energy transition. However, these systems have little to no operating experience. There is therefore increased interest and value in modeling and simulating these systems. The IES dynamic model developed in this work utilizes a lumped-parameter control volume methodology to investigate the behavior of the IES in a variety of accident scenarios. The results provide initial evidence for the potential inherent safety of the advanced reactor because of temperature-dependent reactivity feedback and the efficiency of hydrogen and electricity production at the high temperatures provided by the advanced reactor.

MCFR↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimal Control for the Quantum Simulation of Nuclear Dynamics

We propose a method for enacting the unitary time propagation of two interacting neutrons at leading order of chiral effective-field theory by efficiently encoding the nuclear dynamics into a single multilevel quantum device. The emulated output of the quantum simulation shows that, by applying a single gate that draws on the underlying characteristics of the device, it is possible to observe multiple cycles of the nuclear dynamics before the onset of decoherence. Owing to the signal's longevity, we can then extract spectroscopic properties of the simulated nuclear system. This allows us to validate the encoding of the nuclear Hamiltonian and the robustness of the simulation in the presence of quantum-hardware noise by comparing the extracted spectroscopic information to exact calculations. This work paves the way for transformative calculations of the dynamical properties of nuclei on near-term quantum devices.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-C-204-05: Simulations of a Portal Imaging System for Conformal and Intensity Modulated Fast Neutron Therapy

Purpose: The University of Washington Medical Center offers neutron therapy for the palliative and definitive treatment of selected cancers. In vivo field verification has the potential to improve the safe and effective delivery of neutron therapy. We propose a portal imaging method that relies on the creation of positron emitting isotopes (11C and 15O) through (n, 2n) reactions with a PMMA plate placed below the patient. After field delivery, the plate is retrieved from the vault and imaged using a reader that detects annihilation photons. The spatial pattern of activity produced in the PMMA plate provides information to reconstruct the neutron fluence map needed to confirm treatment delivery. Methods: We used MCNP to simulate the accumulation of 11C activity in a slab of PMMA 2 mm thick, and GATE was used to simulate the sensitivity and spatial resolution of a prototype imaging system. BGO crystal thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm were simulated with detector separations of 2 cm. Crystal pitches of 2 mm and 4 mm were evaluated. Back-projection of the events was used to create a planar image. The spatial resolution was taken to be the FWHM of the reconstructed point source image. Results: The system sensitivity for a point source in the center of the field of view was found to range from 58% for 1 cm thick BGO with 2 mm crystal pitch to 74% for the 3 cm thick BGO crystals with 4 mm crystal pitch. The spatial resolution at the center of the field of view was found to be 1.5 mm for the system with 2 mm crystal pitch and 2.8 mm for the system with the 4 mm crystal pitch. Conclusion: BGO crystals with 4 mm crystal pitch and 3 cm length would offer the best sensitivity reader.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Evaluating simplified chemical mechanisms within present-day simulations of the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 with CAM4 (CESM1.2 CAM-chem): MOZART-4 vs. Reduced Hydrocarbon vs. Super-Fast chemistry

Abstract. While state-of-the-art complex chemical mechanisms expand our understanding of atmospheric chemistry, their sheer size and computational requirements often limit simulations to short lengths or ensembles to only a few members. Here we present and compare three 25-year present-day offline simulations with chemical mechanisms of different levels of complexity using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Version 1.2 CAM-chem (CAM4): the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) mechanism, the Reduced Hydrocarbon mechanism, and the Super-Fast mechanism. We show that, for most regions and time periods, differences in simulated ozone chemistry between these three mechanisms are smaller than the model–observation differences themselves. The MOZART-4 mechanism and the Reduced Hydrocarbon are in close agreement in their representation of ozone throughout the troposphere during all time periods (annual, seasonal, and diurnal). While the Super-Fast mechanism tends to have higher simulated ozone variability and differs from the MOZART-4 mechanism over regions of high biogenic emissions, it is surprisingly capable of simulating ozone adequately given its simplicity. We explore the trade-offs between chemical mechanism complexity and computational cost by identifying regions where the simpler mechanisms are comparable to the MOZART-4 mechanism and regions where they are not. The Super-Fast mechanism is 3 times as fast as the MOZART-4 mechanism, which allows for longer simulations or ensembles with more members that may not be feasible with the MOZART-4 mechanism given limited computational resources.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

On the Feasibility of Simulation-Driven Portfolio Scheduling for Cyberinfrastructure Runtime Systems

Runtime systems that automate the execution of applications on distributed cyberinfrastructures need to make scheduling decisions. Researchers have proposed many scheduling algorithms, but most of them are designed based on analytical models and assumptions that may not hold in practice. The literature is thus rife with algorithms that have been evaluated only within the scope of their underlying assumptions but whose practical effectiveness is unclear. It is thus difficult for developers to decide which algorithm to implement in their runtime systems.To obviate the above difficulty, we propose an approach by which the runtime system executes, throughout application execution, simulations of this very execution. Each simulation is for a different algorithm in a scheduling algorithm portfolio, and the best algorithm is selected based on simulation results. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility and potential merit of this portfolio scheduling approach, even in the presence of simulation inaccuracy, when compared to the traditional one-algorithm approach. We perform this evaluation via a case study in the context of scientific workflows. Our main finding is that portfolio scheduling can outperform the best one-algorithm approach even in the presence of relatively large simulation inaccuracies.

Casanova, Henri↗
DOE OSTI2021

Performance Evaluation of Engineered Geothermal Systems Using Discrete Fracture Network Simulations

Electrical power production from geothermal energy has a solid record of success for permeable reservoirs such as The Geysers in northern California and geothermal systems in Iceland and New Zealand, among other places. Such permeable reservoirs, however, represent only a small fraction of the available heat energy in the earth’s shallow crust. Most of the available energy resides in rocks with insufficient permeability and storage to produce commercial volumes of heated fluids.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Transmission-and-Distribution System Modeling of Power Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions

Integrated transmission-and-distribution (T&D) modeling is a new and developing method for simulating power systems. Interest in integrated T&D modeling is driven by the changes taking place in power systems worldwide that are resulting in more decentralized power systems with increasingly high levels of distributed energy resources. Additionally, the increasing role of the hitherto passive energy consumer in the management and operation of power systems requires more capable and detailed integrated T&D modeling to understand the interactions between T&D systems. Although integrated T&D modeling has not yet found widespread commercial application, its potential for changing the decades-old power system modeling approaches has led to several research efforts in the last few years that tried to (i) develop algorithms and software for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems and (ii) demonstrate the advantages of this modeling approach compared with traditional, separated T&D system modeling. In this paper, we provide a review of integrated T&D modeling research efforts and the methods employed for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems. We also discuss our current research in integrated T&D modeling and the potential directions for future research. This paper should be useful for power systems researchers and industry members because it will provide them with a critical summary of current research efforts and the potential topics where research efforts are needed to further advance and demonstrate the utility of integrated T&D modeling.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Dynamic model based on voltage transfer curve for pattern formation in dielectric barrier glow discharge

Simulation work is very important for understanding the formation of self-organized discharge patterns. Previous works have witnessed different models derived from other systems for simulation of discharge pattern, but most of these models are complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, we introduce a convenient phenomenological dynamic model based on the basic dynamic process of glow discharge and the voltage transfer curve (VTC) to study the dielectric barrier glow discharge (DBGD) pattern. VTC is an important characteristic of DBGD, which plots the change of wall voltage after a discharge as a function of the initial total gap voltage. In the modeling, the combined effect of the discharge conditions is included in VTC, and the activation-inhibition effect is expressed by a spatial interaction term. Besides, the model reduces the dimensionality of the system by just considering the integration effect of current flow. All these greatly facilitate the construction of this model. Numerical simulations turn out to be in good accordance with our previous fluid modeling and experimental result.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

High-Resolution Modeling to Assess Tropical Cyclone Activity in Future Climate Regimes

Applied research is proposed with the following objectives: (i) to determine the most likely level of tropical cyclone intensity and frequency in future climate regimes, (ii) to provide a quantitative measure of uncertainty in these predictions, and (iii) to improve understanding of the linkage between tropical cyclones and the planetary-scale circulation. Current mesoscale weather forecasting models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, are capable of simulating the full intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) with realistic structures. However, in order to accurately represent both the primary and secondary circulations in these systems, model simulations must be configured with sufficient resolution to explicitly represent convection (omitting the convective parameterization scheme). Most previous numerical studies of TC activity at seasonal and longer time scales have not utilized such explicit convection (EC) model runs. Here, we propose to employ the moving nest capability of WRF to optimally represent TC activity on a seasonal scale using a downscaling approach. The statistical results of a suite of these high-resolution TC simulations will yield a realistic representation of TC intensity on a seasonal basis, while at the same time allowing analysis of the feedback that TCs exert on the larger-scale climate system. Experiments will be driven with analyzed lateral boundary conditions for several recent Atlantic seasons, spanning a range of activity levels and TC track patterns. Results of the ensemble of WRF simulations will then be compared to analyzed TC data in order to determine the extent to which this modeling setup can reproduce recent levels of TC activity. Next, the boundary conditions (sea-surface temperature, tropopause height, and thermal/moisture profiles) from the recent seasons will be altered in a manner consistent with various future GCM/RCM scenarios, but that preserves the large-scale shear and incipient disturbance activity. This will allow (i) a direct comparison of future TC activity that could be expected for an active or inactive season in an altered climate regime, and (ii) a measure of the level of uncertainty and variability in TC activity resulting from different carbon emission scenarios.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Gradient-Based Multi-Area Distribution System State Estimation

The increasing distributed and renewable energy resources and controllable devices in distribution systems make fast distribution system state estimation (DSSE) crucial in system monitoring and control. We consider a large multi-phase distribution system and formulate DSSE as a weighted least squares (WLS) problem. We divide the large distribution system into smaller areas of subtree structure, and by jointly exploring the linearized power flow model and the network topology, we propose a gradient-based multi-area algorithm to exactly and efficiently solve the WLS problem. The proposed algorithm enables distributed and parallel computation of the state estimation problem without compromising any performance. Numerical results on a 4,521-node test feeder show that the designed algorithm features fast convergence and accurate estimation results. Comparison with traditional Gauss-Newton method shows that the proposed method has much better performance in distribution systems with a limited amount of reliable measurement. The real-time implementation of the algorithm tracks time-varying system states with high accuracy.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Initial full core SMR simulations with NekRS

This document describes the completion of a recent milestone of the ExaSMR program concerning "Full core simulations". The ExaSMR project is developing tools for coupling Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport solvers to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. Work is based on the Shift MC, OpenMC MC, and Nek5000/NekRS CFD codes. As part of this milestone, a novel set of pin-resolved CFD full-core simulations have been performed for the first time. These simulations represent a significant increase in capability in what is now possible with CFD on pre-Exascale systems. The simulations have been performed with the spectral element solvers NekRS on the supercomputer Summit. Multiple simulations campaigns have been conducted: (1) LES simulations in bare bundle, (2) RANS simulations in bare bundles, (3) RANS simulations with momentum sources and (4) Conjugate heat transfer calculations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integration Plan for NEAMS Structural Materials and Chemistry MSR Modeling

As part of its broad objective to support advanced reactor development, the US Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program has a strong interest in developing simulation capabilities to address chemistry and corrosion issues for molten salt reactors (MSRs). To that end, the Structural Materials & Chemistry (SMC) technical area within the NEAMS program is developing a set of codes and databases to describe the behavior of molten salts and their interactions with structural materials. This document reviews the current activities with respect to MSR-relevant codes and is an effort to improve their integration in simulating MSR systems. Interoperability between the codes being developed is critical for the success of the NEAMS-developed MSR simulation capability. This is greatly facilitated by having codes based on the MOOSE framework when possible, and by developing interfaces to MOOSE-based tools for those tools that are not based on that framework.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

A New Modeling Interface for Simulators Implementing the Discrete Event System Specification

The Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) offers a unique modeling interface that is often perplexing to modelers more familiar with other simulation paradigms. Recent advances in the use of super dense time for discrete event simulation offer an opportunity to recast the traditional interface into a form less confounding for new users. The new interface proposed here allows a natural progression from a message oriented approach to modeling to the familiar DEVS approach. The proposed approach retains the expressive power of the DEVS formalism, and in this sense represents a simple repackaging of the DEVS approach into a more intuitively appealing form.

Nutaro, James J.↗
DOE OSTI2016

An Integrated Software Package to Enable Predictive Simulation Capabilities

The power grid is increasing in complexity due to the deployment of smart grid technologies. Such technologies vastly increase the size and complexity of power grid systems for simulation and modeling. This increasing complexity necessitates not only the use of high-performance-computing (HPC) techniques, but a smooth, well-integrated interplay between HPC applications. This paper presents a new integrated software package that integrates HPC applications and a web-based visualization tool based on a middleware framework. This framework can support the data communication between different applications. Case studies with a large power system demonstrate the predictive capability brought by the integrated software package, as well as the better situational awareness provided by the web-based visualization tool in a live mode. Test results validate the effectiveness and usability of the integrated software package.

Chen, Yousu↗
DOE OSTI2022

CAS Operator Training Simulator

SAND2022-1525 O The Central Alarm System (CAS) training simulator is a standalone application that will work on any Alarm Control and Display (AC&D) System. Designed to be used by an instructor in a classroom environment, this software plays back scenario alarms and videos usually exported out of Scribe3D or any software that can produce scenario-based videos. Users can select from an array of different scenarios to play. The alarms are sent to an AC&D controller and the videos are sent to a Video Management Server (VMS). Both alarms and associated videos displayed by the intended AC&D system. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Le, Tam↗
DOE OSTI2020

Numerical and experimental analysis of precooled desiccant system

This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of four novel, desiccant air-conditioning systems based on pre-cooling of the ambient air. The purpose of the study is to: 1) establish which configuration is most profitable for the future studies through numerical and experimental methods; 2) verify the concept of precooled system and confirm that it is working in experimental conditions (for this purpose two prototypes of evaporative cooling units were developed and compared for different operation arrangements with desiccant wheel); 3) Analyze practical aspects of the systems, which includes water consumption analysis, economic analysis and establishing operational modes during a cooling season in temperate climate conditions (the proposed solution has a significant advantage during operation in a temperate climate, since it can utilize its first evaporative cooler the only source of cooling energy when the humidity of outdoor air allows to to meet the latent cooling load). Four arrangements of the system with different dew point evaporative air cooler prototypes were selected and developed for comparative analysis. The system was simulated as a whole, also, each component was individually tested on measurement station. develop the optimal arrangement of the system through numerical and experimental analysis. Four different performance indicators were considered: thermal COP (Coefficient Of Performance), the ERR (Energy Efficiency Ratio), coefficient a describing the potential in compensating indoor cooling loads, water consumption ratio. Also costs of the systems were compared through economic analysis. It was established that arrangement which is characterized by best-averaged performance in terms of all considered factors is a unit combined with two different types of evaporative coolers (marked as System B)- this is caused by the favorable arrangement of two units, where one is better suited to the pre-cooler role, while the other is better suited as the post-cooler.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tree tensor network approach to simulating Shor's algorithm

Constructively simulating quantum systems furthers our understanding of qualitative and quantitative features which may be analytically intractable. In this paper, we directly simulate and explore the entanglement structure present in the paradigmatic example for exponential quantum speedups: Shor's algorithm. To perform our simulation, we construct a dynamic tree tensor network which manifestly captures two salient circuit features for modular exponentiation. These are the natural two-register bipartition and the invariance of entanglement with respect to permutations of the top-register qubits. Our construction help identify the entanglement entropy properties, which we summarize by a scaling relation. Further, the tree network is efficiently projected onto a matrix product state from which we efficiently execute the quantum Fourier transform. In conclusion, future simulation of quantum information states with tensor networks exploiting circuit symmetries is discussed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗