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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,225 records · Page 68
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

First Results of the SRF Wafer Test Cavity for the Characterization of Superconductors

The wafer test cavity was designed as a short sample test system that could create a reproducible environment for the testing of superconducting materials above the Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer limit of niobium. The results of the sapphire test cavity showed that the dielectric was too lossy, and thus, the original design had to be altered to make operation feasible with current hardware and achieve ~200 mT. The new design was fabricated at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and was cryogenically tested. After four tests, the cavity was able to produce a 6.6-mT field with a Q of 3.96 * 108. Although lower than anticipated, in comparison to other TE01 cavities, this result is quite encouraging. Multipacting and coupling were limitations, but current work is pursuing the elimination of these complications. This document will expound upon the new design, mathematical simulations, testing of the cavity, complications, results, and future work.

Pogue, Nathaniel J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) of plutonium oxide

Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy was used to examine plutonium oxide particles formed by the corrosion of δ-phase plutonium alloy under high-humidity conditions. O K-edge spectra collected from eight distinct particles displayed significant spectral differences, revealing heterogeneity in oxidation states within a single sample batch. Here, this variation suggests complex chemical environments and formation histories, which are important considerations for nuclear forensic investigations. These findings highlight both the potential of synchrotron-based x-ray microscopy for nondestructive, high-resolution analysis of nuclear materials and the need for expanded reference datasets to improve the interpretation and forensic utility of such measurements.

organic↗
DOE OSTI2018

Eu{sup 3+} As a Luminescent Probe for Studying the Structure of R{sub 2}O{sub 3} Materials (R = Y, Eu, and Gd)

Spectra of Eu{sup 3+} in various dielectric matrices (Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}, Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and mSiO{sub 2}/Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} mesoporous particles) are studied by local cathodoluminescence. The results allowed identification of the local environment of Er{sup 3+} ions in amorphous samples and detection of the monoclinic Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase impurity in samples with yttrium oxide. The cathodoluminescence spectra of chemically pure Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} are recorded. Conclusions about the structural features of the materials are made and confirmed by other methods (XRD and EPMA).

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Statistical Evaluation of WRF-LES Trace Gas Dispersion Using Project Prairie Grass Measurements

In recent years, new measurement systems have been deployed to monitor and quantify methane emissions from the natural gas sector. Large-eddy simulation (LES) has complemented measurement campaigns by serving as a controlled environment in which to study plume dynamics and sampling strategies. However, with few comparisons with controlled-release experiments, the accuracy of LES for modeling natural gas emissions is poorly characterized. In this paper, we evaluate LES from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model against Project Prairie Grass campaign measurements and surface layer similarity theory. Using WRF-LES, we simulate continuous emissions from 30 near-surface trace gas sources in two stability regimes: strong convection and weak convection. We examine the impact of grid resolutions ranging from 6.25 to 52 m in the horizontal dimension on model results. We evaluate performance in a statistical framework, calculating fractional bias and conducting Welch’s t tests. WRF-LES accurately simulates observed surface concentrations at 100 m and beyond under strong convection; simulated concentrations pass t tests in this region irrespective of grid resolution. However, in weakly convective conditions with strong winds, WRF-LES substantially overpredicts concentrations—the magnitude of fractional bias often exceeds 30%, and all but one t test fails. The good performance of WRF-LES under strong convection correlates with agreement with local free convection theory and a minimal amount of parameterized turbulent kinetic energy. The poor performance under weak convection corresponds to misalignment with Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and a significant amount of parameterized turbulent kinetic energy.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Release Report for Building Debris for TA-21 Sewage Treatment Facility

ENV-ES finds that the materials associated with TA-21 Buildings 227 (superstructure only), and 229 (see Figure 1) meet the criteria for unrestricted release to the public for recycle or as sanitary/commercial waste. The interior and exterior of the metal shed, building 387, passed the release criteria collectively; however, results from the roof of the structure were above reference background measurements. Waste management should be consulted for waste disposition options for the roofing metal. These findings are consistent with the requirements of DOE Order 458.1 “Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment” and LANL Policy 412 “Environmental Radiation Protection.” Sampling and data analysis, as described in this report, were sufficient to meet measurement objectives under the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Assessment of Materials and Equipment (MARSAME) manual (2009).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Coatings for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Materials

This final report summarized the research efforts and major findings of the Phase I Project “Development of Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Coatings for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Materials”, for the period of October 1, 2019 – Sept. 30, 2021. This project is a collaborative endeavor between Tennessee Tech University, Purdue University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Siemens Corporation, and Eastern Plating, LLC, aiming at improving the durability and lifetime of high-pressure (HP) steam turbine blades in advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) coal-fired power plants through the development of corrosion/erosion-resistant coatings manufactured via a low-cost electrolytic codeposition process. While Tribaloy alloy T-400C was identified by the U.S. A-USC Materials Consortium as a promising coating composition, further composition optimization is needed to enhance its corrosion and erosion resistance for protecting the A-USC Ni-base turbine components. An integrated computational and experimental approach was employed to optimize coating composition/microstructure and processing parameters. In order to identify candidate coating compositions that could offer balanced properties, thermodynamic calculations were performed to explore the γ+Laves composition space in the Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-Si system with different alloying additions at 600-800 °C. Guided by the calculation results, experimental assessment of selected alloys led to the development of a new generation of Tribaloy compositions with the optimal levels of Cr, Mo and Si, reactive element (e.g., 0.4-0.6 wt.% Y) and other alloying additions. The low-cost and non-line-of-sight electro-codeposition process was employed to deposit a Ni(Co)-CrMoSiY composite coating on commercial Haynes 282 (H282) Ni-base alloy. A diffusion treatment was subsequently applied to convert the composite to the Tribaloy-type coating. Both the codeposition parameters and heat treatment conditions were varied to achieve the desired coating composition, microstructure and phase constituents. In addition, since additive manufacturing (AM) may be an alternative cost-saving option for potential A-USC turbine repair, laser direct deposition was explored to fabricate the H282 alloy with minimal defects. The electro-codeposited Tribaloy coating was also applied to the AM H282 substrate to demonstrate the viability of the coating process in improving the surface finish of AM alloys. Both high-temperature oxidation performance and solid particle erosion (SPE) resistance of model alloys and electro-codeposited coatings were evaluated. About 25 model alloys with various Cr/Mo ratios and reactive element levels, as well as partial substitution of Mo with Nb were evaluated with regard to their oxidation resistance in both air and pure steam at 760-800°C. Compositions based on Ni(Co)-20Cr-18Mo-2.6Si-0.6Y (wt.%) showed significantly improved oxidation resistance over the baseline T400-C. Based on the alloy development results, three generations of new Tribaloy coatings (Gen-1, Gen-2, and Gen-3) with various Mo/Cr contents and Y levels were prepared via electro-codeposition and their microstructure/performance were evaluated. Outstanding air and steam oxidation resistance was achieved for the Gen-2 and Gen-3 coatings. Furthermore, while the SPE resistance of the coatings depended on many factors such as temperature, environment, erodent, velocity and impact angle, the coated samples exhibited similar or better SPE resistance compared to the H282 substrate when magnetite was used as erodent (which is a realistic erodent in A-USC steam turbines). The new Tribaloy coatings also had good long-term compatibility with the H282 alloy substrate. The two large-sized rotating barrels were designed, constructed, and employed to coat dummy HP blades. Uniform coating thickness and microstructure were achieved at various blade locations. Also, a preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed coating process was conducted to quantify the cost-effectiveness and to assess the commercial viability of the corrosion- and erosion-resistant coatings. It is estimated that a cost reduction of ~30% could be achieved with the electro-codeposition coating process over the state-of-the-art high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray. Compared to the leading Tribaloy coating technologies such as HVOF and plasma transfer alloying, electro-codeposition based process has advantages such as low-cost process equipment, uniform deposition even for complex shapes, low levels of contaminants/porosities, reduction of powder waste, and potentially better surface finish and longer turbine service life. The Phase 1 study has demonstrated that it is feasible to develop an electro-codeposited Tribaloy coating with balanced corrosion and erosion properties, even though additional research efforts such as further coating process scale-up and longer-term performance evaluation under realistic A-USC conditions are clearly needed.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

In-Situ Spatial Mapping of Hydrogen in Yttrium Hydrides at LANSCE

This report summarizes the neutron imaging techniques and experimental activities performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) with the main goal of measuring temperature driven hydrogen diffusion within bulk-yttrium hydride (YH x ) materials. The experimental results and technique developments reported herein support the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s (DOE-NE) Microreactor Program under Technology Maturation. In particular, the critical need to experimentally validate and verify hydrogen-diffusion models of metal hydrides used in hightemperature microreactor designs is addressed by means of high-spatial-resolution neutron imaging coupled with custom-built and application-specific furnaces. These capabilities were designed to apply large temperature gradients across centimeter-sized YH x pellets to simulate conditions faced in the microreactor environment. Neutron imaging, combined with in-situ sample heating, enables near real-time tracking of hydrogen diffusion in YH x on the sub-millimeter scale. In this report, an overview of neutron imaging methodology and technologies are given in the context of recent spatial measures of hydrogen concentrations in similar metals hydrides. Additionally, the commissioning and operation of a custom-built compact dual-zone furnace is given along with details on the first two in-situ heating measurements of YH x performed over the 2020 and 2021 LANSCE operation cycles. In parallel with in-situ heating measurements, neutron computed tomography scans were performed to visualize hydrogen aggregates in post-heated YH x samples. Analysis and results from these neutron imaging measurements are given along with outlooks and plans for improving future hydrogen diffusion measurements at LANSCE.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program Report: Second Quarter 2022

This report for the second quarter of 2022 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and distant location environment, April 1 through June 30, 2022. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2022 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: • Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture, • Precipitation, • Drinking/surface water, • Milk, • Alfalfa, and • OSLDs.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Report: First Quarter 2022

This report for the first quarter of 2022 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and distant location environment, January 1 through March 31, 2022. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2022 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: • Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture, • Quarterly composites, • Precipitation, • Milk, and • Large game animals

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program Report: Third Quarter 2022

This report for the third quarter of 2022 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and distant location environment, July 1 through September 30, 2022. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2022 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: • Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture, • Precipitation, • Milk, • Lettuce, • Grain, and • Large Game Animal Sampling.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program: Fourth Quarter 2022

This report for the fourth quarter of 2022 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s Onsite, Boundary and Offsite location environment, October 1 through December 31, 2022. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2022 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: • Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture, • Quarterly composites, • Precipitation, • Drinking and surface water, • Milk, • Potatoes, • Soil, • Large game animals, • Waterfowl, and • OSLDs.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program Report: First Quarter 2023

This report for the first quarter of 2023 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and offsite location environment, January 1 through March 31, 2023. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2023 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: •Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture •Quarterly composites •Precipitation •Milk •Large game animal sampling.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program Report: Third Quarter 2023

This report for the third quarter of 2023 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and offsite location environment, July 1 through September 30, 2023. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2023 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: (1) Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture; (2) Precipitation; (3) Surface water; (4) Milk; (5) Agricultural; and (6) Large game animal sampling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Idaho National Laboratory Site Environmental Surveillance Program Report: Second Quarter 2023

This report for the second quarter of 2023 contains results from the INL Site environmental surveillance program’s monitoring of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site’s onsite, boundary and offsite location environment, April 1 through June 30, 2023. All sample types (media) and the sampling schedule followed during 2023 are listed in Appendix A. This report contains results for the following sample types: (1) Air, including particulate air filters, charcoal cartridges, and atmospheric moisture; (2) Precipitation; (3) Drinking/surface water; (4) Milk; (5) OSLDs; and (6) Large Game Animal Sampling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

NW-BRaVE T3 Hydroplane Project Close: Project Close-out for T3 Hydroplane Analysis

Thrust 3 of the Northwest Biopreparedness Research in a Virtual Environment was an expansive project including method development, sample collection and sequence analysis. The sampling occurred over a multi-year period to generate metagenomic datasets that inform cyanophage-picocyanobacterial interactions in the Salish Sea across a moderate timeframe and geographical range. Part of the thrust’s aim was to validate how much experimental structural and multiomics work in a model organism (Prochlorococcus Marinus, str. MED4) from thrusts 1 and 2 would carry over into a broader range of related organisms in the natural world, to address a fundamental question in scientific preparation for epidemics: whether and how much experimental information from known and experimentally tractable species can translate to actionable biological information in unknown species. In other words, thrust 3 aimed to find out whether the model organism experiments matter in terms of how organisms interact. This report updates work described in Johnson and Pollock 2025 (1).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

Leak rate measurements for satellite subsystems and residual gas analysis during space environment tests

The measuring and evaluation procedure for the determination of leak rates of satellite subsystems with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, and the results of the residual gas analysis are described. The method selected for leak rate determination was placing the system into a vacuum chamber and furnishing the chamber with a mass spectrometer and calibrated leaks. The residual gas of a thermal vacuum test facility, in which the thermal balance test radiation input was simulated by a heated canister, was analyzed with the mass spectrometer in the atomic mass unit range up to 300 amu. In addition to the measurements during the space environment tests, mass spectrometric studies were performed with samples of spacecraft materials. The studies were carried out during tests for the projects HELIOS, AEROS B and SYMPHONIE.

Nuss, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1975

In situ spectroradiometric calibration of EREP imagery and estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island sound and adjacent New York coastal waters

The author has identified the following significant results. The first part of the study resulted in photographic procedures for making multispectral positive images which greatly enhance the color differences in land detail using an additive color viewer. An additive color analysis of the geologic features near Willcox, Arizona using enhanced black and white multispectral positives allowed compilation of a significant number of unmapped geologic units which do not appear on geologic maps of the area. The second part demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing Skylab remote sensor data to monitor and manage the coastal environment by relating physical, chemical, and biological ship sampled data to S190A, S190B, and S192 image characteristics. Photographic reprocessing techniques were developed which greatly enhanced subtle low brightness water detail. Using these photographic contrast-stretch techniques, two water masses having an extinction coefficient difference of only 0.07 measured simultaneously with the acquisition of S190A data were readily differentiated.

Yost, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Red cell metabolism studies on Skylab

Blood samples from Spacelab crewmembers were studied for possible environment effects on red cell components. Analysis involved peroxidation of red cell lipids, enzymes of red cell metabolism, and levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid and adenosine triphosphate. Results show that there is no evidence of lipid peroxidation, that biochemical effect known to be associated with irreversible red cell damage. Changes observed in glycolytic intermediates and enzymes cannot be directly implicated as indicating evidence of red cell damage.

Mengel, C. E.↗