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Results for “ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2010

Improved Determination of Surface and Atmospheric Temperatures Using Only Shortwave AIRS Channels: The AIRS Version 6 Retrieval Algorithm

AIRS was launched on EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002 together with ASMU-A and HSB to form a next generation polar orbiting infrared and microwave atmosphere sounding system (Pagano et al 2003). The theoretical approach used to analyze AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of clouds in the AIRS Science Team Version 3 at-launch algorithm, and that used in the Version 4 post-launch algorithm, have been published previously. Significant theoretical and practical improvements have been made in the analysis of AIRS/AMSU data since the Version 4 algorithm. Most of these have already been incorporated in the AIRS Science Team Version 5 algorithm (Susskind et al 2010), now being used operationally at the Goddard DISC. The AIRS Version 5 retrieval algorithm contains three significant improvements over Version 4. Improved physics in Version 5 allowed for use of AIRS clear column radiances (R(sub i)) in the entire 4.3 micron CO2 absorption band in the retrieval of temperature profiles T(p) during both day and night. Tropospheric sounding 15 micron CO2 observations were used primarily in the generation of clear column radiances (R(sub i)) for all channels. This new approach allowed for the generation of accurate Quality Controlled values of R(sub i) and T(p) under more stressing cloud conditions. Secondly, Version 5 contained a new methodology to provide accurate case-by-case error estimates for retrieved geophysical parameters and for channel-by-channel clear column radiances. Thresholds of these error estimates are used in a new approach for Quality Control. Finally, Version 5 contained for the first time an approach to provide AIRS soundings in partially cloudy conditions that does not require use of any microwave data. This new AIRS Only sounding methodology was developed as a backup to AIRS Version 5 should the AMSU-A instrument fail. Susskind et al 2010 shows that Version 5 AIRS Only sounding are only slightly degraded from the AIRS/AMSU soundings, even at large fractional cloud cover.

Susskind, Joel↗
NASA NTRS1979

The influence of ozone on Martian atmospheric temperature

Radiative equilibrium temperature calculations for Mars are presented, using the model of Kuhn et al. (1978). The maximum amount of ozone measured was 57 microns over the polar hood during winter. Results indicate that, although a minor constituent in the Martian atmosphere, ozone may play a significant role in controlling the rate of carbon dioxide deposition and thus the atmospheric pressure.

Kuhn, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Microwave radiometric measurements of atmospheric temperature and water from an aircraft.

A five-channel microwave spectrometer operating near the 1.35-cm wavelength water vapor and the 5-mm wavelength oxygen resonances was flown in the NASA Convair 990 aircraft at altitudes near 12 km and used to infer layer thicknesses and water vapor and liquid water abundances in the troposphere. The calibration of the spectrometer and a multiple regression method of interpretation of the data obtained from the flights are described. Possible errors from clouds and from the terrestrial surface are discussed. Values of atmospheric layer thicknesses, water vapor content, and liquid water content inferred from microwave data obtained over two frontal systems are presented. The inferred values of 1000- to 500-mb and 500- to 250-mb thicknesses agree with directly measured values to within 15 meters at the places where the direct measurements were made. This agreement is equivalent to errors of less than 1 K in mean temperature.

Rosenkranz, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Middle Atmosphere Temperature Trends from Small Rocketsondes

Stratospheric temperature trends derived from United States meteorological rocketsonde measurements obtained between the late 1960's and mid 1990's are examined at the 50-, 40-, and 25-km altitude levels. Although the trends are different at each of the launch locations there is an unequivocal downward slope of about -0.1 K to -0.3K per year at many of the launch sites. Distances between launch sites and, in some cases unequal data-record lengths, inhibit determination of trend inter-relationship among the various sites. Although the data only provide a 'snapshot' of atmospheric behavior for the specific location, a particular advantage resulting from using these particular rocketsonde observations is their consistency over time. Thus, using the same rocketsonde type over the data period, i.e., Datasonde insures a significant reduction of instrument induced anomalies in the temperature profiles. Trends at the 25-km altitude level, approximately 30 hPa, are compared with trends from radiosonde observations. Both rocketsonde and radiosonde measurements were obtained at approximately the same local times and within less than 100 km of each other. Rocketsonde temperatures from the Former Soviet Union are also used and often complement trends from US data.

Schmidlin, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The neutral-atmosphere temperature instrument.

The determination of the temperature of the neutral gas at the location of the satellite is based on measurement of the velocity distribution of the molecular nitrogen. Measurement of the thermal-velocity component in the presence of the free-stream velocity will be obtained through application of the velocity-scan technique and, independently, through use of a baffle technique. A 3-cm diameter spherical sampling chamber with a 0.5-cm diameter precisely knife-edged orifice is located at the satellite equator to permit free diffusion of atmosphere gases between the chamber interior and the atmosphere. The spherical chamber is connected through a high-conductance tube to a quadrupole mass-spectrometer sensor to permit accurate quantitative evaluation of the density of the gas.

Spencer, N. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Atmospheric temperature measurements by Raman laser scattering

System makes continuous synoptic measurement of air temperatures and temperature profiles from the ground in real time. Development is based on principle that intensity distribution of Raman scattered laser light is a function of temperature and it is theoretically possible to measure air temperature by analyzing its Raman spectrum.

Masica, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles by a scanning microwave spectrometer

The Nimbus-6 satellite carries a scanning microwave spectrometer (SCAMS) experiment. The five frequency bands observed are near 22.2, 31.6, 52.8, 53.8, and 55.4 GHz. The calibration system permitted preflight calibration to an accuracy of about 1 K. In orbit, small empirical corrections were made to the calibration constants to obtain agreement in the mean of SCAMS measurements with computations based on conventional data analyzed by the National Meteorological Center (NMC). Global maps of temperature profiles were retrieved from the SCAMS measurements by a statistical method. Using the NMC analysis as the verification, RMS errors in level temperatures range of about 2-4 K, depending on altitude. Errors for layers of octave extent in pressure are uniformly about 2 K. Theoretical computations show that additional spectrometer channels would improve temperature sensing performance

Rosenkranz, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The effective aerosol attenuation on determination error of ocean and atmosphere temperatures by remote methods

This article contains a survey of literature on errors in establishing temperature of the underlying surface and the vertical profile of temperature in the 15 microns CO2 band when aerosol attenuation was not taken into account. Experimental data show the large contribution of the aerosol to total radiation attentuation. Evaluations are made of the relationship of the magnitude of establishment error to location and optical thickness of the aerosol layer.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Advances in the remote sensing of atmospheric temperature profiles

Clear-column temperature profiles with a vertical resolution of 2 km in the troposphere and an accuracy of 1.5 K are obtained in the presence of multiple layers of broken clouds using narrow band-pass measurements carefully selected in the 4.18 and 15 micron regions of the CO2 bands.

Chachine, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Jovian upper atmospheric temperature measurement by the Voyager 1 UV spectrometer

A measurement of the neutral temperature in the exosphere of Jupiter is reported. The observations were carried out by the Voyager 1 Ultraviolet Spectrometer during the solar occultation phase beginning 4.5 hours after the Jupiter encounter. The range of the exospheric temperature is found to be 1450 (+300, -250) K. The uncertainty in the determination of the temperature appears to be largely a consequence of the lack of knowledge of the brightness distribution on the solar disk at the time of the observations. The high exospheric temperature appears to result from a combination of upward-propagating inertia gravity waves, magnetospheric soft electrons, and auroral electrons, including those from the Io-plasma torus.

Atreya, S. K.↗