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Soil Temperature and Moisture, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2023

Daily averages of soil temperature and moisture measured once every hour at different heights located at Intensive Monitoring Stations at Teller Road Mile Marker 27 site. Data are retrieved annually from 2016-2023. This is the final update to this dataset: no changes to previous data files with the addition of 2022-2023 data files. Data files have header rows, NaN fields indicate invalid or missing data, and negative vertical offsets are above ground. UPDATED 2025-07: Seven new data files collected in 2022-2023 were added and no previously archived data were changed. This represents the final collection of data and text in the title was changed to reflect the defined timespan. Other files that were added: file-level metadata, a data dictionary, a site location map, and a data file inventory by year. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density, and SWE Measurements at Kougarok Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Kougarok Road Site at mile marker 64 (KG_MM64) from April 2 to April 5, 2022. This dataset contains three *.csv data files of spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack. Data were collected toward the end of the winter season during early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. A Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe (http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html) was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. A user guide is included as a *.pdf. This dataset is a continuation of the previous end-of-winter snow surveys conducted at the Kougarok Road Site in 2018 (Wilson et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.5440/1593874).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

UAS remote sensing (DJI Phantom 4 RTK platform): RGB orthomosaic, digital surface and canopy height models, plant functional type map, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019

Airborne remote sensing data collected using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK unoccupied aerial system (UAS) ? operated by the University of Maine Wheatland Geospatial Lab (https://wheatlandlab.org/). This package includes data from 17 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Council, Kougarok, Kougarok Mile80, Teller, and Teller Mile32 sites in July 2019. The Phantom 4 RTK is a drone platform that collects very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) imagery. Derived image products include point cloud, ortho-mosaiced RGB, a digital surface model (DSM) using the structure from motion (SfM) technique, and a canopy height model (CHM). Unprocessed and processed data products (1,000+ files) are included in this package (processing levels 0-3). Data and metadata are provided as text (*.txt, *.json, *hdr,), ENVI image file (*.dat), point cloud (*.laz) and image (*.jpg, *.tif, *png) formats. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

LiDAR Point Cloud Data from the 2018 NGEE Arctic UAS Campaign at the Teller 47 Field Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Airborne remote sensing data collected from Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) hexacopter platform operated by NGEE Arctic scientists from the EES-14 group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These data were collected in July 2018 at a field site near mile marker 47 along the Teller Road between Nome, Alaska and Teller, Alaska. A DJI Matrice 600 Pro Airframe and Routescene UAV LiDAR System was used to collect LiDAR data. The LiDAR data has undergone basic post-processing using Routescene LidarViewer Pro software to create point cloud data (.laz files). This data package contains point clouds (.laz), processing metadata files (json.lvp), and post-processed kinematic files (.csv). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, weather conditions, and lidar data and imagery can be found in NGA281 (https://doi.org/10.5440/1671794).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2018

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) for three consecutive years - 2016, 2017, and 2018. This dataset contains one *.pdf user guide and four *.csv data files spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack, and snow density as a function of depth from top of snowpack. Data was collected toward the end of the winter season, typically in late March or early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. In 2016, snow depth measurements were taken using either a thaw probe or avalanche probe. In 2017 and 2018 a Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density, and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) from March 31 to April 7, 2019. This dataset contains three *.csv data files of spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack. Data were collected toward the end of the winter season from late March to early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. A Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe (http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html) was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. A user guide included as a *.pdf. This dataset is a continuation of the previous end- of-winter snow surveys conducted at the Teller Road Site in 2016-2018 (Wilson et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5440/1592103). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Continuous soil temperature measurements from 2019-10-4 to 2020-10-4, Teller road Mile 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

The dataset contains depth-resolved soil temperature measured at 45 discrete locations in a watershed located along the Nome-Teller road at Mile 27 in Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The dataset was generated to understand the local heterogeneity of soil thermal dynamics and their controls in a discontinuous permafrost region. At each location, temperatures were measured by a distributed temperature profiling probe designed based on Dafflon et al (2022). The dataset includes a description of the probe locations in the "Probe_locations.csv" file and the 45 data files (Soil_temperatures_*.csv). Metadata files include data descriptions (_dd.csv) for tabular data. All included files are listed and described in NGA513_flmd.csv.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Sources and Variability of Nitrate on an Alaskan Hillslope Dominated by Alder Shrubs, Kougarok, Alaska, 2017 and 2018

Data provided include results of analyses of soil pore-water, soil moisture, and leaf litter samples collected at a Kougarok Hillslope site dominated by alder shrubs (KG_MM64) in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska during July and September 2017 and 2018. Samples were from surface soils in close proximity to 5 alder patches, collected upslope, within, and downslope of the alder patches. Pore water was analyzed for a comprehensive set of anions, cations, elemental analyses, and oxygen and nitrogen isotopes. Soil samples were collected for soil moisture determination. Leaf litter extracts were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This dataset contains 3 *.csv files and 1 *.pdf file. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Plant physiology, shrub size, thaw depth and soil water content, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Stomatal response to changing irradiance measurements (m curves), CO2 response (ACi) and light response (AQ) curves on common tussock tundra shrub, graminoid and forb species. Data were collected in July 2023 from three sites on the Seward Peninsula, Kougarok Mile 64, Teller Mile 27 and Council. Measurements were made with LI-COR LI-6800 gas exchange systems on 18 species. For samples from Teller and Kougarok, thaw depth, soil moisture content and dGPS locations are also provided for most samples. Canopy height and canopy diameter are provided for shrubs measured at the Teller site. The data package files include data files, metadata files and the complete instrument output for all gas exchange measurements in .csv format, and a pdf describing the experimental protocols. See the related data package NGA508 for foliar trait data (leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen concentration).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NDVI and Multispectral Images, UAS Flights, Council Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, June 2022

The dataset contains Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and multispectral images collected on June 18, 2022 using an UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) Yuneec H520, Mapir Survey 3, and Parrot Sequoia cameras. This data was created to accompany the following datasets:- NGEE Arctic CO2, CH4 and Energy Eddy-Covariance (EC) Flux Tower Auxiliary Measurements, Council Road Mile Marker 71, Seward Peninsula, Alaska (https://doi.org/10.5440/1526749)- Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence/eddy covariance measurements at NGEE Arctic Council site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.15485/2466175)- NGEE Arctic Meteorological Data from Instrumented PCDC Stations, Council Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018 - 2023 (https://doi.org/10.5440/1529604)Survey 3 is RGN (Red, Greeen, Near Infra Red) camera with 87° Horizontal Field of View (HFOV) (19mm) f/2.8 Aperture, 550nm/660nm/850nm (Red+Green+NIR) filter transmission and produced geo referenced jpg and raw format images. Parrot Sequoia is a camera with 16 megapixel RGB (Red, Green, Blue) sensor and 1.2 megapixel monochrome sensors in discrete spectral bands: Green (550nm - 40Nm Bandwidth), Red (660nm - 40nm Bandwidth), Red Edge (735nm - 10nm Bandwidth) and Near Infrared (790nm - 40nm Bandwidth).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

L0 Data from the 2018 NGEE Arctic LiDAR and Imagery Unoccupied Aerial System Campaign at the Teller 47 Field Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Airborne remote sensing data collected from Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) hexacopter platform operated by NGEE Arctic scientists from EES-14 (Earth System Observations group) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These data were collected in July 2018 at a field site near mile marker 47 along the Teller road between Nome, Alaska and Teller, Alaska. A DJI Matrice 600 Pro Airframe and Routescene UAV LiDARSystem was used to collect LiDAR data, and DJI Phantom 4 Advanced was used to collect optical red/green/blue (RGB) imagery at regular intervals along 11 flight paths. This data package contains unprocessed data products (processing level 0) including flight paths, raw photos, and raw lidar data files (*.kml, *.jpg, and *.lpd formats). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions are also included (see Supplemental Files, *.rinex, and *.rtcm3 files). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Surface Water Chemistry and Water and Nitrogen Isotopes, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016 and 2017

Data include results from water chemistry and water isotope analyses for surface water samples collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, July through September of 2016 and May through September of 2017. The samples were collected using automated samplers (ISCO Model 6712; Teledyne, USA), with regular collection (every 24 hrs in 2016 and every 48 hrs in 2017). Surface water samples were collected from three locations along the main drainage: ISCO 1 from the tributary (64.729060°, -165.946210°), ISCO 3 which was located upstream (64.733640°, -165.955410°) and ISCO 2 which was located downstream (64.726410°, -165.946820°). Dataset includes a *.pdf user guide and one *.csv data file.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Drone flight visible images, digital elevation maps, and geotiffs, Teller, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA, July 2017

Remote sensing data collected from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) unmanned aerial system (UAS) quadcopter platform – Inspire-1 – operated by the Ameriflux Management Project (ameriflux.lbl.gov) Technical Team. The Insprire-1 is a visible imagery UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) at regular intervals along the flight path. This package includes data from a flight path over the NGEE Arctic Teller Site, west of mile marker 27 Bob Blodgett Highway in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska in July 2017. Derived image products include ortho-mosaiced RGB, an RGB-based digital surface model (DSM) using the structure from motion (SfM) technique, and a digital terrain model (DTM). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions are also included. Unprocessed and processed data products are included in this package (processing levels 0-2). This metadata document contains flight campaign, instrument and file metadata, along with a description of data processing levels, data products and file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Drone flight visible images, digital elevation maps, and geotiffs, Kougarok, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA, July 2017

Remote sensing data collected from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) unmanned aerial system (UAS) quadcopter platform – Inspire-1 – operated by the Ameriflux Management Project (ameriflux.lbl.gov) Technical Team. The Insprire-1 is a visible imagery UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) at regular intervals along each flight path. This package includes data from four flight paths over the NGEE Arctic Kougarok Site, west of mile marker 64 on Kuzitrin Road in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska in July 2017. Derived image products include ortho-mosaiced RGB, an RGB-based digital surface model (DSM) using the structure from motion (SfM) technique, and a digital terrain model (DTM). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions are also included. Unprocessed and processed data products are included in this package (processing levels 0-2). This metadata document contains flight campaign, instrument and file metadata, along with a description of data processing levels, data products and file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Leaf Nitrogen, Leaf Mass Area, Leaf Water Content, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017

Nitrogen and carbon content, leaf mass per area and leaf water content of leaves sampled from the NGEE Arctic Teller study site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska in 2017. Data is included for 13 species from the deciduous shrub, forb and graminoid plant functional types. See related dataset for leaf reflective spectra, sample photographs and dGPS locations. This data package includes leaf sample information and trait data (*.csv). Note that leaf nitrogen content analysis was performed on a subset of samples. Metadata files include data descriptions (_dd.csv) for tabular data and a key to species symbols used in data files. All included files are listed and described in NGA103_flmd.csv. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NGEE Arctic Soil Pit and Core Inventory for Samples Collected Between 2016-2019: Locations, Sampling Characteristics, Collection, and Contacts, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA

This dataset includes associated information about individual pit and core samples (e.g., location, contact, date, data collected) sampled between 2016 and 2019 from NGEE Arctic sites at Teller (MM 27 and MM47), Kougarok (MM47 and MM56, Hillslope, and vegetation plot areas), and Council (MM71). The inventory is qualitative and excludes those datasets on soil pit cores that included time-series information. The package includes one each *.csv data file, *.kml and *.pdf. All quantitative data is available in the related datasets https://doi.org/10.5440/1417652, https://doi.org/10.5440/1423892, https://doi.org/10.5440/1342956, https://doi.org/10.5440/1854940, https://doi.org/10.5440/1544760, https://doi.org/10.5440/1346200, and https://doi.org/10.5440/1856042. The goal of this dataset is to help modelers understand when, where, and what data was collected with respect to physical soil properties on the Seward Peninsula, AK, USA over the course of NGEE Arctic’s campaigns in the region from 2016-2019. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density, and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) from March 28 to April 1, 2022. This dataset contains three *.csv data files of spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack. Data were collected toward the end of the winter season from late March to early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. A Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe (http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html) was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. A user guide included as a *.pdf. This dataset is a continuation of the previous end-of-winter snow surveys conducted at the Teller Road Site in 2016-2018 (Wilson et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5440/1592103) and 2019 (Bennett et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.5440/1798170). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Drone flight visible images, digital elevation maps, and geotiffs, Council, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA, July 2017

Remote sensing data collected from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) unmanned aerial system (UAS) quadcopter platform – Inspire-1 – operated by the Ameriflux Management Project (ameriflux.lbl.gov) Technical Team. The Insprire-1 is a visible imagery UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) at regular intervals along each flight path. This package includes data from four flight paths over the NGEE Arctic Council Road Site near mile marker 71 in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska in July 2017. Derived image products for each flight include ortho-mosaiced RGB, an RGB-based digital surface model (DSM) using the structure from motion (SfM) technique, and a digital terrain model (DTM). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions are also included. Unprocessed and processed data products are included in this package (processing levels 0-2). This metadata document contains flight campaign, instrument and file metadata, along with a description of data processing levels, data products and file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗