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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1983

Performance evaluation and geologic utility of LANDSAT 4 TM and MSS scanners

Experiments using artificial targets (polyethylene sheets) to help calibrate and evaluate atmospheric effects as well as the radiometric precision and spatial characteristics of the NS-001 and TM sensor systems were attempted and show the technical feasibility of using plastic targets for such studies, although weather precluded successful TM data acquisition. Tapes for six LANDSAT 4 TM scenes were acquired and data processing began. Computer enhanced TM simulator and LANDSAT 4 TM data were compared for a porphyry copper deposit in Southern Arizona. Preliminary analyses performed on two TM scenes acquired in the CCT-PT format, show the TM data appear to contain a marked increase in geologically useful information; however, a number of instrumental processing artifacts may well limit the ability of the geologist to fully extract this information.

Paley, H. N.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Study on spectral/radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for land use applications

Previous characterization of scan-related low-frequency noise was extended and refined through detailed analysis of shutter calibration data on CCT-ADDS tapes and reflective-band data from nighttime acquisitions. A recommended correction procedure was identified that uses calibration shutter data both as a diagnostic and to obtain correction values. Through comparison of coincident TM and MSS data, illustrations of the added information content of TM data for agricultural applications were developed. The capability of improved spatial resolution to better define boundaries and to resolve spatial details is shown. Spectral analysis of tasseled-cap transformations of TM and MSS data shows high correlation between greenness features, greater signal range for TM, and indications that a subset of TM bands could accurately simulate MSS data, if required.

Malila, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Standardization of computer compatible tape formats for remote sensing data

Standards and guidelines being developed for future CCT formats for use in Landsat receiving stations are presented, in order to solve the data compatability problem, and to consider user community requirements. Data exchange at the local, regional, national, or international level is an important user requirement, and data integration from various sources should be possible. The tape super structure allows various formats to be implemented. A volume directory identifies the volume, and a file descriptor confirms it. The data is then filed, and it is determined whether the data files are appropriate to already defined file classes. If not, a new class is established. Applications of this format are in three areas: satellite imagery, geocoded polygon data, and airborne remote sensing data.

Thomas, V. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Comparative assessment of LANDSAT-4 MSS and TM data quality for mapping applications in the southeast

The initial objectives of analyses of the MSS data are two-fold: (1) to evaluate the geodetic accuracy of CCT-P data of the test sites; and (2) to improve the geodetic accuracy by additional processing if the original data either do not meet pre-launch specifications or mapping requirements. The location of 45 ground control points (GCP) digitized from 35 U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 scale quadrangles (UTM coordinates) were identified in terms of pixel and scan line values. These 46 points are used to establish UTM position error vector distributions in the scene. As an initial check on the geometric reliability of the MSS data, 28 well-distributed GCPs were input to a program which compares the scaled image distances between all possible point pairs with the corresponding map distances and computes the distance differences; that is, the relative positional errors. The relative errors obtained from initial computations averaged about +/- 200 m. These errors could result from a number of sources, including misidentification of GCP locations, UTM coordinate errors introduced by the map digitizing process or errors resulting from data acquisition and geometric processing.

Welch, R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Multiseasonal and geobotanical approach in remote detection of greisenization areas in the Serra da Pedra Branca Granite, Goias State, Brazil

Multiseasonal analysis of LANDSAT multispectral images in CCT format permitted the mapping of lithologic facies in the Pedra Branca Granite, using geobotanical associations, which occur in the form of variations in the density of cerrado vegetation, as well as the predominance of certain distinctive vegetation species. Dry season images did not show very good results in lithological differentiation due to anomalous illumination conditions related to the low solar elevation and the homogeneity in the vegetation cover, specially the grasses that become dry during this season. Rainy season image, on the other hand, allowed the separation of the lithological types, a fact that can be attributed to a greater differentiation among the geobotanical associations. As a result of this study, the muscovite-granite facies with greisenization zones, which are lithological indicators of important tin mineralization within the Serra da Pedra Branca Granite, were mapped. This methodology can be sucessfully applied to similar known granite bodies elsewhere in the Tin Province of Goias.

Parada, N. D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

An analysis of new techniqes for radiometric correction of LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper images

The utility of methods for generating TM RLUTS which can improve the quality of the resultant images was investigated. The TM-CCT-ADDS tape was changed to account for a different collection window for the calibration data. Several scenes of Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana and the Grand Bahamas were analyzed to evaluate the radiometric corrections operationally applied to the image data and to investigate several techniques for reducing striping in the images. Printer plots for the TM shutter data were produced and detector statistics were compiled and plotted. These statistics included various combinations of the average shutter counts for each scan before and after DC restore for forward and reverse scans. Results show that striping is caused by the detectors becoming saturated when they view a bright cloud and depress the DC restore level.

Kogut, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Cartographic accuracy of Landsat-4 MSS and TM image data

Investigations of the cartographic quality of Landsat-4 MSS and TM image data in CCT-p formats have produced rectification accuracies (rmse/xy/ values) of + or - 2/3 to + or - 1 data pixel for both whole and subscene areas using polynomials of the first through third degree. In order to achieve these accuracies with MSS data, 15 or more Ground Control Points (GCPs) are required, whereas with the TM data sets as few as 5-10 GCPs will suffice. Factors which limit the cartographic rectification accuracies of the Landsat-4 data include: (1) spatial resolution of the data; (2) map and digitizing errors; and (3) terrain relief. Of these factors, data resolution is the most significant, limiting the location of GCPs to about + or - 0.5 pixel. Horizontal displacements due to terrain relief can be minimized by selecting GCPs at or near midrange elevations. Overall, the representative rmse(xy) values of + or - 25 and + or - 55 m for TM and MSS data sets are within U.S. National Map Accuracy Standards for cartographic products of 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 scale, respectively.

Welch, R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Classification of vegetation communities in the Battle Mountain SE quadrangle, Nevada with MSS digital data

LANDSAT MSS digital data were utilized to identify vegetation types in an area of Battle Mountain SE in northern Nevada. Ways in which terrain data may improve spectral classification were investigated. The basic data set was a CCT of LANDSAT scene 82233617450, dated 15 June 1981. Seventeen ecotypic classifications were identified in the study area on the basis of field investigations. The percent cover by life form and non-living material for the 17 classes is summarized along with the percent cover by species for the 17 classes.

Ridd, M. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Study of spectral/radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for land use applications

The radiometric characteristics of LANDSAT 5 TM data were analyzed. Effects which were found earlier and quantified in LANDSAT 4 TM data were quantified for LANDSAT-5 data as well, including: scan-direction-related signal droop and scan correlated level shifts. Coincident LANDSAT 4 and 5 fully corrected (CCT-PT) TM data were analyzed, and band-by-band relationships between the two sensors were derived in terms of both signal counts and radiance.

Malila, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Geologic Utility of LANSDAT-4 TM Data

The performance of the TM vis-a-vis various geological applications was quantified by analyzing: (1) the geological utility of the data with respect to the increased spatial resolution and number of bands (compared to the MSS); (2) the geometric accuracy; (3) the radiometric performance of the TM scanner. Preliminary analyses were performed on TM scenes: over Death Valley, California, and over southern Arizona. Both scenes were acquired in CCT-PT format, where the data were geometrically and radiometrically corrected. Overall, the TM data appears to contain a marked increase in geologically useful information; however, a number of instrumental or processing artifacts may well limit the ability of the geologist to fully extract this information.

Abrams, M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Study of spectral/radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for land use applications

Progress during ERIM's tenth quarter of effort under the LANDSAT-4 and 5 Image Data Quality Assessment program for the Thematic Mapper is described. Coincident LANDSAT-4 and 5 fully corrected (CCT-PT) TM data are analyzed in more detail and revised band-by-band relationships between the two sensors derived. An analysis technique employing the matching of cumulative distributions is developed and used and is believed to offer advantages over the histogram matching procedure currently used to produce LANDSAT data. Multiplicative factors ranging from 0.987 to 1.145 and offsets ranging from -2.7 to -6.2 video quantum levels are required to cause LANDSAT-5 data to match LANDSAT-4 data values. Evidence of low level clipping is found in TM Bands 5 and 7 of LANDSAT-5 but not LANDSAT-4. Analysis of the information content of LANDSAT TM and MSS data is continued. Components of information loss are identified and quantified and the effects of coarsened quantization are explored.

Malila, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Comparative evaluations of the geodetic accuracy and cartographic potential of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image data

A Landsat Image Data Quality Analysis (LIDQA) Program is conducted by NASA. One part of this program forms studies which are being performed with the objective to evaluate the geometric fidelity of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data in computer tape (CCT-pt) formats. It is pointed out that the Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 systems provide image data of significantly better geometric fidelity than were obtained from the earlier Landsat missions. Attention is given to the factors which influence the geometric fidelity of the Landsat TM data, the study areas and data sets, the rectification procedures, the rectification of Landsat-4 TM data and comparisons of the Scrounge and the TM Image Processing System (TIPS), the rectification of system and scene corrected Landsat-5 data processed on TIPS, and the cartographic potential of TM data.

Welch, R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

LANDSAT TM image data quality analysis for energy-related applications

This project represents a no-cost agreement between National Aeronautic Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA GSFC) and the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). PNL is a Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory operted by Battelle Memorial Institute at its Pacific Northwest Laboratories in Richland, Washington. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate LANDSAT's thematic mapper (TM) data quality and utility characteristics from an energy research and technological perspective. Of main interest is the extent to which repetitive TM data might support DOE efforts relating to siting, developing, and monitoring energy-related facilities, and to basic geoscientific research. The investigation utilizes existing staff and facility capabilities, and ongoing programmatic activities at PNL and other DOE national laboratories to cooperatively assess the potential usefulness of the improved experimental TM data. The investigation involves: (1) both LANDSAT 4 and 5 TM data, (2) qualitative and quantitative use consideration, and 3) NASA P (corrected) and A (uncorrected) CCT analysis for a variety of sites of DOE interest. Initial results were presented at the LANDSAT Investigator's Workshops and at specialized LANDSAT TM sessions at various conferences.

Wukelic, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Observation of total ozone fields in the Antarctic atmosphere from TOVS of TIROS-N/NOAA

Total ozone amounts in the Antarctic atmosphere are derived from infrared nadir scanning data of TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) of NOAA-6 and 7. HRPT data of the TIROS-N NOAA series of meteorological satellites have been received at Syowa Station (69 deg 00'S, 39 deg 35'E), Antarctica, about once a day since February 1980, by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. HIRS/2 data of TOVS were extracted from HRPT data after being converted into CCT at the home institute. Total ozone amounts were derived for the northeastern part of the Antarctic, for about 100 orbits in 1981 and 1982.

Yamanouchi, T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The Landsat thematic mapper World Data Base

A World Data Base of potential thematic mapper (TM) scenes was developed to aid in acquisition planning. The World Data Base contains geopolitical, geographic and economic regions along with a format that enables users to find the satellite day, sun angle and cloud cover probability for any month of the year. Scenes that have been acquired by TM and have an average cloud cover of 30 percent of less from July 1982 when TM was launched until the Landsat system was taken over by NOAA in September 1984 are also in the World Data Base. Processed data are referenced in maps and data bases at EROS Data Center; however, a large number of acquistions have never been processed and therefore are not accessible. The World Data Base enables the rapid location of scenes and areas with the least effort making it invaluable in TM scheduling. Users of TM data can use the World Data Base to determine if scenes of interest have been acquired, the acquisition date, and if scenes have been processed to computer-compatible tape (CCT). These uses of the World Data Base make it a valuable tool in the acquisition and location of TM scenes.

Ludwig, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

STS-32 IMAX Camera Training

The crew is shown learning how to load the IMAX camera and use it. This training takes place on the middeck of the CCT.

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NASA NTRS1990

STS-31 Crew Training: Firefighting, Food Tasting, EVA Prep and Post

The Space Shuttle crew is shown lighting a pond of gasoline and then performing firefighting tasks. The crew is also shown tasting food including lemonade, chicken casserole, and tortillas, and performing extravehicular activity (EVA) equipment checkouts in the CCT middeck and airlock.

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