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DOE OSTI2023

Chile's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonization

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from - other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

Chile↗

DOE OSTI2023

Australia's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

Australia↗

DOE OSTI2023

India's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2023

United Kingdom's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2017

An IAEA Initiative to Provide Effective Stakeholder Support Services for International Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation - 17341

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has initiated a collaborative effort to promote stakeholder support activities through a stakeholder engagement advisory program (SEAP) as part of Phase II of the Constraints to Implementing Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation (CIDER II) program. CIDER II is a collaborative project involving a broad range of Member States, large and small, with ongoing and/or planned decommissioning and environmental remediation (D and ER) programs. The intent of this sub-group of CIDER II is to facilitate better sharing of information and knowledge in areas of stakeholder communication, engagement and participation, and a framework for directly using stakeholder input in the decision making process. The goal is to support trust building in D and ER decisions for radioactive contamination and facilities. A main premise of the CIDER II program is that stakeholder acceptance is necessary for successful D and ER decisions to be made. This paper introduces some of the major challenges to implementing such a broad scale of support for stakeholder engagement, and approaches to overcoming those challenges. Major challenges include the need to address D and ER decision making in different countries with their different languages, cultures, religions, management structures, and politics. For example, in some cases it might be important strategically to first garner support from upper levels of social, management or political hierarchies, including for example, approaching community leaders, and allowing those leaders to directly address their community. Other sites might have more success, for example, if stakeholder interaction starts with the community members. A specific project strategy also probably depends on who makes the request for stakeholder support services. Once the CIDER II SEAP gains traction, there will be a need to prioritize requests from Member States for assistance in connection with specific D and ER projects. A prioritization tool will be developed based on stakeholder engaged structured decision making (SDM). The projects in which support will initially be focused will span a wide range of D and ER problems, types of stakeholder groups, and technical issues such as potential risk to human health and the environment. A database management system will also be designed to capture information from the different proposed projects and will be expanded to house implemented projects for future reference. The case study database will be an integral part of a web-based system that also contains technical approaches for stakeholder involvement depending on the situational environment. A community of practice will be formed that will involve technical experts in stakeholder engagement and structured decision making, and informed representatives from Member States. This will address the need for SEAP to build capacity and provide education for solving D and ER problems. The web-based system will include technical tools for use by the projects, such as: identification of stakeholder groups; social network analysis (how stakeholders are connected); case study forms; best practice forms; information sheets; and 4tools that will directly support optimization of stakeholder guided solutions to D and ER problems. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

Integration of Local Knowledge is a Key for the Remediation Success of Legacy Uranium Mine Sites - 19564

A key to success, during all aspects of the remediation process on legacy uranium sites, and easily transferable between countries and projects, is the integration of local knowledge. However, before this knowledge can be integrated, local trust and project understanding must be developed. Local trust and project understanding can only be developed through a principle-centred approach to a shared project vision, two-way communication of knowledge, alignment of project goals, and understanding the local needs early in the remediation process. Once public confidence is obtained, local trust and project understanding must be maintained throughout the entirety of the remediation process. Project understanding is an ongoing endeavor that needs continuous communication and varied methods to succeed. During the management of assessment, remediation, and post remediation monitoring on the Saskatchewan Research Council's CLEANS project (remediation of 37 legacy uranium mine sites in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada), integration of local knowledge has been an instrumental tool attributing to success. During site assessment, integration of local knowledge has included the development and implementation of land use surveys to determine realistic travel and occupancy on and adjacent to these legacy sites, and site specific traditional knowledge and land use studies that have contributed to the development of a detailed knowledge of local land use, resource utilization, country food intake, and human history of the sites. The local knowledge gained during the assessment process is invaluable as it provides information required to support remediation planning, such as: valued ecosystem components, human trophic utilization, length of site occupancy, cultural value assessment, and future land use considerations. During remediation planning, local and traditional knowledge can also be incorporated through determination of plant species suitability for revegetation, development and selection of remediation options, and setting realistic sustainable development targets for local project inclusion. During site remediation operations, local involvement can be utilized through direct labour and equipment, cultural resource monitoring (i.e. archaeological and heritage protection), local logistics and historic information transfer, and stakeholder communications and engagement support. Post remediation, local involvement is an efficient mechanism for long-term monitoring, and care and maintenance activities. Although there may be differences between countries, regions and sites, the remediation process on legacy uranium mines can universally be more successful through the integration of local knowledge; while developing rights/stakeholder engagement and capacity building. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

Constraints in the Remediation of Uranium Former Uranium Mining Sites - 19586

Uranium mining and milling legacy sites still exist all over the world. Financial constraints play a key role in constraining the remediation of these sites, but a series of other factors must also be considered. The IAEA has been assisting its Member States in moving forward their remediation projects, and more specifically the Central Asian region has received dedicated attention in this aspect. In association with other international organisations such as the European Commission and European Bank of Reconstruction and Development among others in the scope of the CGULS initiative (Coordination Group of Uranium Legacy Sites), a series of activities have been put in place to assist the countries in that region. Through its Technical Cooperation Department, the IAEA has also supported other Member States to manage their legacies. The IAEA CIDER Project (Constraints in Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation) in its first phase investigated possible constraint to implementation of both decommissioning and environmental remediation projects, and collected successful experiences and lessons learned from remediation projects all over the world. It started with a survey in which almost 30 Member States participated. Constraints were examined in three main areas: i) Institutional Aspects (regulatory and policy); ii) Technological and iii) Social. These results have been published in a dedicated report available in the IAEA web page (also called the CIDER Baseline Report). Under the request of participating Member States, a second phase of CIDER has been initiated with a more focused (action oriented) character. In this regard experts developed a framework for helping countries in need under two major areas: Strategy Development and Implementation and Stakeholder Engagement Support. Two other initiatives under CIDER Phase II consisted of the Enhanced Capacity Building in Environmental Remediation (the so-called School of Environmental Remediation) and a database depicting the sites in and in need of remediation in a global perspective. This paper is intended to present and promote some aspects of the methodology conceived in CIDER Phase II to help countries establish remediation strategies that will facilitate overcoming some of the barriers mentioned above. Furthermore, it aims to discuss aspects that might be improved in the assistance provided by international organisations to countries in need of developing remediation projects, pointing out to some of the documented causes for not achieving more robust results. It is expected that the combination of different tools to share good practices e.g. web-based tools, e-Learning, webinars in addition to face-to-face training events, may enhance the chances of successful implementation of remediation of legacy sites, including former uranium production sites. This initiative opens a wide avenue for cooperation while providing a platform to bring together practitioners, regulators, contractors, funding organisations to enhance the support to be provided. By working together, more effective and sustainable results can be achieved and remediation of such sites implemented in a timely, safe and cost-effective way. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

The United States' (DOE) Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonization

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at the 13th CEM (CEM13) in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several jurisdictions signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization. The first cohort of Action Plans was released at CEM14 in India in July 2023. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is pleased to release this Action Plan as a contribution to the second cohort of Action Plans released at CEM15 in Brazil in October 2024. The Action Plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership, and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are intended to focus on select implementation actions, given each country's existing power sector goals and activities, and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. The Action Plans are organized in a framework for Planning, Building and Operating, as well as Stakeholder Engagement where appropriate based on country priorities. These Action Plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, not comprehensive of all activities within the jurisdiction, and are living documents that are subject to change. This Action Plan, developed by DOE, is focused on federal actions for power sector decarbonization primarily led by DOE. There are many other actions being led by other U.S. government agencies, or at the state and local level, that are not featured in this Action Plan.

21st Century Power Partnership↗

DOE OSTI2024

Brazil's Action Plan for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at the CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several jurisdictions signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization. The first cohort of Action Plans was released at CEM14 in India in July 2023. The second cohort of action plans will be presented at CEM15 in Brazil. The Action Plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership, and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are intended to focus on select implementation actions, given each country's existing power sector goals and activities, and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. The Action Plans are organized in a framework for Planning, Building and Operating, as well as Stakeholder Engagement where appropriate based on country priorities. They complement, but are differentiated from, other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda (whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition) and the Global Power System Transformation Consortium (whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning). These Action Plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, not comprehensive of all activities within the jurisdiction, and are living documents that are subject to change.

21st Century Power Partnership↗

DOE OSTI2024

Uruguay's Action Plan and Experience for Power Sector Decarbonization

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors, was delivered to energy ministers and presented at the 13th CEM (CEM13) in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several jurisdictions signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization. The first cohort of Action Plans was released at CEM14 in India in July 2023. The Uruguay Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining is pleased to release this Action Plan as a contribution to the second cohort of Action Plans released at CEM15 in Brazil in October 2024. The Action Plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership, and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are intended to focus on select implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities, and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. The Action Plans are organized in a framework for planning, building, and operating, as well as stakeholder engagement where appropriate based on country priorities. They complement, but are differentiated from, other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda (whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition) and the Global Power System Transformation Consortium (whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning). These Action Plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, not comprehensive of all activities within the jurisdiction, and are living documents that are subject to change.

21st Century Power Partnership↗

DOE OSTI2024

Key Takeaways: Second Cohort of Action Plans for Rapid Power Sector Decarbonization

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors, was delivered to energy ministers and presented at the 13th CEM (CEM13) in the United States in September 2022. As a result, Action Plans for power sector decarbonization were developed by the first cohort of countries. The fist cohort included India, Australia, Chile, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. The first cohort's Action Plans were presented at CEM14 in India in July 2023. These Action Plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are intended to focus on select implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities, and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. The second set of Action Plans has been developed by Brazil, Canada, the United States, and Uruguay, released at CEM15 in Brazil in October 2024.

21st Century Power Partnership↗

DOE OSTI2024

Canada's Actions for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sector

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at the 13th CEM (CEM13) in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several jurisdictions signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization. The first cohort of Action Plans was released at CEM14 in India in July 2023. Canada is pleased to release this Action Plan as a contribution to the second cohort of Action Plans released at CEM15 in Brazil in October 2024. The Action Plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership, and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are intended to focus on select implementation actions, given each country's existing power sector goals and activities, and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. The Action Plans are organized in a framework for Planning, Building and Operating, as well as Stakeholder Engagement where appropriate based on country priorities. These Action Plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, not comprehensive of all activities within the jurisdiction, and are living documents that are subject to change.

21st Century Power Partnership↗

DOE OSTI2024

Applicability of the Milestones Approach to Deployments of Transportable Nuclear Power Plants (TNPPs)

Transportable nuclear power plants (TNPPs) can provide potential benefits to countries embarking on nuclear programs, offering reduced infrastructure requirements, shorter timeframes for implementation, cost savings and greater deployment flexibility than larger conventional reactors. However, the deployment of a TNPP in a Host State comes with the obligation to establish sufficient regulatory, institutional, and technical infrastructure, which, among others, includes a legal and regulatory framework and a competent regulatory body to implement a State’s safeguards obligations. This paper considers how the unique technical and deployment features of TNPPs may affect the process of preparing for and implementing safeguards in nuclear newcomer countries. Evaluating this issue through the lens of the IAEA’s Milestones Approach, this paper discusses some potential implications arising from the shortening of some milestones phases due to reduced construction or licensing time for TNPPs, and the need for increased cooperation between Host States and Supplier States in preparing for and meeting certain safeguards obligations. These considerations are potentially relevant to various stakeholders: newcomer States considering TNPP deployment; the States and companies that supply such reactors; as well as organizations that support international safeguards capacity building.

Siserman-Gray, Ioana-Cristina↗

DOE OSTI2024

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Viability of Small Modular Reactors in Africa: A Nuclear Security and Nonproliferation Perspective

In response to escalating global energy demands driven by industrialization and the pressing need for decarbonization, this paper explores the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a sustainable energy solution in Africa. Focusing on nuclear security and non-proliferation concerns, the study assesses Africa's energy landscape, emphasizing the need for diverse and reliable power sources. While highlighting the scalability and cost-effectiveness of SMRs, the analysis acknowledges potential challenges associated with their introduction, particularly concerning nuclear security and non-proliferation. Given the recommendation to use High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU) in some SMRs, it is important to critically consider the security implications of transporting nuclear materials, the proximity of the public to the plant, and the time taken to respond to planned assaults. The possibility of using HALEU makes the nuclear material more prone to adversaries such as sabotage, theft, and terrorism. Utilizing PESTLE analysis, this research seeks to outline the detailed political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal readiness of Africa to embrace the first-of-a-kind technology (SMR) while fulfilling its mandate to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Examining regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and safety protocols, the study underscores the importance of regional collaboration to prevent the misuse of nuclear technology for military and malicious intent. Drawing insights from successful case studies, the paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and proposing recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. These recommendations encompass regulatory enhancement, capacity building, technology transfer, and diplomatic efforts to strengthen nuclear security, non-proliferation, and safeguards in Africa.

Prah, Christina↗

DOE OSTI2024

Multifaceted Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Small Modular Reactors in Africa: A Nonproliferation Perspective

In response to the increasing global energy demands driven by industrialization and the urgent need for decarbonization, this study explores the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a sustainable energy solution in Africa. With a focus on nonproliferation concerns, the paper assesses Africa's energy landscape, emphasizing the need for diverse and reliable power sources. While highlighting the scalability and cost-effectiveness of SMRs, the analysis acknowledges potential challenges associated with adhering to the Nonproliferation Treaty with their mass deployment in the African continent. Examining regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and security protocols, the study also underscores the importance of regional collaboration to prevent the misuse of nuclear technology for military and malicious purposes. The economic and geopolitical implications of SMR deployment in Africa are also investigated, considering its contributions to energy security and economic growth. Drawing insights from successful case studies, the paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and proposing recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. These recommendations encompass regulatory enhancement, capacity building, technology transfer, and diplomatic efforts to strengthen nuclear security, nonproliferation, and safeguards. The overarching aim is to advocate for a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of SMRs while mitigating associated risks to ultimately contribute to the sustainable and secure development of nuclear energy in Africa.

Prah, Christina↗

DOE OSTI2026

Playa de Ponce's Advancements in Energy Affordability and Reliability

Un Nuevo Amanecer Inc. (UNA), a community-based nonprofit organization, partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP) to develop a Strategic Energy Plan (SEP) for the community of Playa de Ponce on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. The SEP provides a community-driven roadmap to improve local energy systems by identifying shared priorities, strategies, and actions that support a more reliable, affordable, and resilient energy future. Over a seven-month period, researchers from the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) worked with UNA, the Puerto Rico Hispanic Federation, community leaders, and residents to gather input through engagement workshops held in March and June 2025. These discussions helped define the community's energy vision and identify key challenges, including high electricity costs, unreliable service during extreme weather events, and risks to public health and safety - particularly for the community's aging population. This fact sheet summarizes the key elements of the Strategic Energy Plan, including four priority strategies organized around three focus areas identified by the community: energy reliability, safety and security, and stakeholder participation, education, and capacity building. Together, these strategies outline actionable pathways to strengthen Playa de Ponce's energy resilience and support long-term community goals. The plan serves as a shared reference for community members, local organizations, and government partners working to advance energy solutions in Playa de Ponce and complements broader municipal and island-wide planning efforts.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2026

Playa de Ponce's Advancements in Energy Affordability and Reliability (Spanish Translation)

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2026

A Guide for Public Utility Commissions: Building Internal Technical Capacity and Recruiting Talent for Grid Resilience

This guide offers insight into how PUCs can strategically expand their technical workforce to meet evolving gird resilience demands. It outlines critical skill sets needed to support informed regulatory decision-making around resilience, such as modeling and weather forecasting, electric power systems analysis, and advanced data interpretation. In addition, it provides strategies for developing technical talent both internally and through additional recruitment efforts. Two appendices provide a list of grid resilience training resources and a compendium of sample job descriptions that reflect grid resilience technical expertise for PUC consideration.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗