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At least 127 records · Page 7

T Pyxidis: The First Cataclysmic Variable with a Collimated Jet

We present the first observational evidence for a collimated jet in a cataclysmic variable system; the recurrent nova T Pyxidis. Optical spectra show bipolar components of H(alpha) with velocities approx. 1400 km/s, very similar to those observed in the supersoft X-ray sources and in SS 433. We argue that a key ingredient of the formation of jets in the supersoft X-ray sources and T Pyx (in addition to an accretion disk threaded by a vertical magnetic field), is the presence of nuclear burning on the surface of the white dwarf.

Shahbaz, T.↗

X-ray and optical observations of 2 new cataclysmic variables

The light curves and spectra of two ultra soft X-ray sources are presented. The sources, WGAJ 1047.1+6335 and WGAJ 1802.1+1804 were discovered during a search using the Rosat position sensitive proportional counter (PSPC). The X-ray spectra of both objects show an unusually strong black body component with respect to the harder bremsstrahlung component. Based on the optical observations and on the analysis of the X-ray data, the two objects are identified with new AM Her type cataclysmic variables.

Singh, K. P.↗

Hubble Space Telescope Eclipse Observations of the Nova Like Cataclysmic Variable UX Ursae Majoris

We present and analyze Hubble Space Telescope observations of the eclipsing nova-like cataclysmic variable UX UMa obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph. Two eclipses each were observed with the G160L grating (covering the ultraviolet waveband) in 1994 August and with the PRISM (covering the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared) in November of the same year. The system was about 50% brighter in November than in August, which, if due to a change in the accretion rate, indicates a fairly substantial increase in Mass accretion by about 50%. The eclipse light curves are qualitatively consistent with the gradual occultation of an accretion disk with a radially decreasing temperature distribution. The light curves also exhibit asymmetries about mideclipse that are likely due to a bright spot at the disk edge. Bright-spot spectra have been constructed by differencing the mean spectra observed at pre- and posteclipse orbital phases. These difference spectra contain ultraviolet absorption lines and show the Balmer jump in emission. This suggests that part of the bright spot may be optically thin in the continuum and vertically extended enough to veil the inner disk and/or the outflow from UX UMa in some spectral lines. Model disk spectra constructed as ensembles of stellar atmospheres provide poor descriptions of the observed posteclipse spectra, despite the fact that UX UMa's light should be dominated by the disk at this time. Suitably scaled single temperature model stellar atmospheres with T(sub eff) approximately equals 12,500-14,500 K actually provide a better match to both the ultraviolet and optical posteclipse spectra. Evidently, great care must be taken in attempts to derive accretion rates from comparisons of disk models to observations. One way to reconcile disk models with the observed posteclipse spectra is to postulate the presence of a significant amount of optically thin material in the system. Such an optically thin component might be associated with the transition region ("chromosphere") between the disk photosphere and the fast wind from the system whose presence has been suggested by Knigge and Drew. In any event, the wind/ chromosphere is likely to be the region in which many, if not most, of the UV lines are formed. This is clear from the plethora of emission lines that appear in the mideclipse spectra, some of which appear as absorption features in spectra taken at out-of-eclipse orbital phases.

Knigge, Christian↗

Detailed Mid- and Far- Ultraviolet Model Spectra for Accretion Disks in Cataclysmic Binaries

We present a large grid of computed far- and mid-ultraviolet spectra (850-2000 A) of the integrated light from steady-state accretion disks in luminous cataclysmic variables. The spectra are tabulated at 0.25 A intervals with an adopted FWHM resolution of 1.0 A, so they are suitable for use with observed spectra from a variety of modern space-borne observatories. Twenty-six different combinations of white dwarf mass M(sub wd) and mass accretion rate dot-m are considered, and spectra are presented for six different disk inclinations i. The disk models are computed self-consistently in the plane-parallel approximation, assuming LTE and vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, by solving simultaneously the radiative transfer, hydrostatic equilibrium, and energy balance equations. Irradiation from external sources is neglected. Local spectra of disk annuli are computed taking into account line transitions from elements 1-28 (H through Ni). Limb darkening as well as Doppler broadening and blending of lines are taken into account in computing the integrated disk spectra. The radiative properties of the models are discussed, including the dependence of ultraviolet fluxes and colors on M(sub wd), dot-m, and i. The appearance of the disk spectra is illustrated, with regard to changes in the same three parameters. Finally, possible future improvements to the present models and spectra are discussed.

Wade, Richard A.↗

Recovery of 29 Second Oscillations in Hubble Space Telescope Eclipse Observations of the Cataclysmic Variable UX Ursae Majoris

Low-amplitude (approximately 0.5%) 29 s oscillations have been detected in Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph eclipse observations of the nova-like cataclysmic variable UX UMa. These are the same dwarf nova-type oscillations that were originally discovered in this system in 1972. The 29 s oscillations are seen in one pair of eclipse sequences obtained with the FOS/PRISM in 1994 November but not in a similar pair obtained with the FOS/GI60L grating in August of the same year. The oscillations in the PRISM data are sinusoidal to within the small observational errors and undergo an approximately - 360' phase shift during eclipses (i.e., one cycle is lost). The amplitudes are highest at pre-eclipse orbital phases and exhibit a rather gradual eclipse whose shape is roughly similar to, although perhaps slightly narrower than, LTX UMa's overall light curve in the PRISM bandpass (2000-8000 A). Spectra of the oscillations have been constructed from pre-, mid, and post-eclipse data segments of the November observations. The spectra obtained from the out-of-eclipse segments are extremely blue, and only lower limits can be placed on the temperature of the source that dominates the modulated flux at these orbital phases. Lower limits derived from blackbody (stellar atmosphere) model fits to these data are >or equal to 95,000 K (> or equal to 85,000 K); the corresponding upper limits on the projected area of this source are all less than 2% of the white dwarf (WD) surface area. By contrast, oscillation spectra derived from mid- eclipse data segments are much redder. Fits to these spectra yield temperature estimates in the range 20,000 K approximately greater T and T approximately less than 30,000 K for both blackbody and stellar atmosphere models and corresponding projected areas of a few percent of the WD surface area. These estimates are subject to revision if the modulated emission is optically thin. We suggest that the ultimate source of the oscillations is a hot, compact region near disk center, but that a significant fraction of the observed, modulated flux is due to reprocessing of the light emitted by this source in the accretion disk atmosphere. The compact source is occulted at orbital phases near mid-eclipse, leaving only part of the more extended reprocessing region(s) to produce the weak oscillations that persist even at conjunction. The highly sinusoidal oscillation pulse shape does not permit the identification of the compact comonent in this model with emission produced by a rotating disturbance in the inner disk or in a classical, equatorial boundary layer. Instead, this component could arise in a bright spot on the surface of the WD, possibly associated with a magnetic pole. However, a standard intermediate polar model can also be ruled out since UX UMa's oscillation period has been seen to change on timescales much shorter than the minimum timescale required to spin up the WD by accretion torques. A model invoking magnetically controlled accretion onto differentially rotating WD surface layers may be viable, but needs more theoretical work.

Knigge, Christian↗

First XMM-Newton Observations of a Cataclysmic Variable II: Spectral Studies of OY Car

We present XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of the disc accreting cataclysmic variable OY Car, which were obtained during the performance verification phase of the mission. These data were taken 4 days after a short outburst. In the EPIC spectra we find strong Iron K(beta) emission with weaker Iron K(alpha) emission together with Silicon and Sulphur lines. The spectra are best fitted with a three temperature plasma model with a partial covering absorber. Multiple temperature emission is confirmed by the emission lines seen in the RGS spectrum and the H/He like intensity ratio for Iron and Sulphur which imply temperatures of approx. 7keV and approx. 3keV respectively.

Ramsay, Gavin↗

X-ray Variability of the Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable V1432 Aql and the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 6814

V1432 Aquilae (=RX J1940.2-1025) is the X-ray bright, eclipsing magnetic cataclysmic variable approximately 37 (sup) away from the Seyfert galaxy, NGC 6814. Due to a 0.3% difference between the orbital (12116.3 s) and the spin (12150 s) periods: the accretion geometry changes over the approximately 50 day beat period. Here we report the results of an RXTE campaign to observe the eclipse 25 times, as well as of archival observations with ASCA and BeppoSAX. Having confirmed that the eclipse is indeed caused by the secondary, we use the eclipse timings and profiles to map the accretion geometry as a function of the beat phase. We find that the accretion region is compact, and that it moves relative to the center of white dwarf on the beat period. The amplitude of this movement suggest a low-mass white dwarf, in contrast to the high mass previously estimated from its X-ray spectrum. The size of the X-ray emission region appears to be larger than in other eclipsing magnetic CVs. We also report on the RXTE data as well as the long-term behavior of NGC 6814, indicating flux variability by a factor of at least 10 on time scales of years.

Mukai, K.↗

Two Types of Soft X-ray Spectra in Cataclysmic Variables

We present results of analyses of Chandra HETG soft X-ray spectra (Lambda = 1.5-25 A) of seven cataclysmic variables. We find that these spectra divide unambiguously into two distinct types. Spectra of the first type, consisting of EX Hya, V603 Aql, U Gem, and SS Cyg, are remarkably well fit by a simple cooling flow model, which assumes only steady-state isobaric radiative cooling. This model has only two free parameters, the maximum temperature, kT(sub max), which provides a rough measurement of the depth of the potential well, and the overall normalization, which provides a highly precise measurement of the total accretion rate. Spectra of the second type, consisting of V1223 Sgr, A Psc, and GK Per, are grossly inconsistent with a simple cooling flow model. They instead exhibit a hard continuum, and, in addition, show strong H-like and He-like ion emission but little Fe L-shell emission, which is consistent with expectations for line emission from a photoionized plasma. Using a simple photoionization model, we argue that the observed line emission for these sources can be driven entirely by the hard continuum. The physical significance of these two distinct types of X-ray spectra is also explored.

White, Nicholas E.↗

The hot white dwarf in the cataclysmic variable MV Lyrae

We have obtained the first far-ultraviolet spectrum of the novalike cataclysmic variable MV Lyrae using the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. We also obtained contemporaneous optical light curves and spectra. All data are from a deep faint accretion state of MV Lyr.

hot white dwarf↗

Sonification of Kepler Field SU UMa Cataclysmic Variable Stars V344 Lyr and V1504 Cyg

Sonification is the conversion of quantitative data into sound. In this work we explain the methods used in the sonification of light curves provided by the Kepler instrument from Q2 through Q6 for the cataclysmic variable systems V344 Lyr and V1504 Cyg . Both systems are SU UMa stars showing dwarf nova outbursts and superoutbursts as well as positive and negative superhumps. Focused sonifications were done from average pulse shapes of each superhump, and separate sonifications of the full, residual light curves were done for both stars. The audio of these data reflected distinct patterns within the evolutions of supercycles and superhumps that matched pervious observations and proved to be effective aids in data analysis.

Tutchton, Roxanne M.↗

The Onset of the Cataclysm: In Situ Dating of the Nectaris Basin Impact Melt Sheet

The impact history of the Moon has significant implications beyond simply excavating the surface of our nearest neighbor. The age distribution of lunar impact breccias inspired the idea of a catastrophic influx of asteroids and comets about 4 billion years ago and motivated new models of planetary dynamics. An epoch of heavy bombardment after planets had atmospheres and continents would have influenced the course of biologic evolution. The story of a cataclysmic bombardment, written in the rocks of the Moon, has far-reaching consequences.

Cohen, B. A.↗

Kepler Observations of V447 Lyr: an Eclipsing U Gem Cataclysmic Variable

We present the results of an analysis of Kepler data covering 1.5 yr of the dwarf nova V447 Lyr. We detect eclipses of the accretion disc by the mass donating secondary star every 3.74 h which is the binary orbital period. V447 Lyr is therefore the first dwarf nova in the Kepler field to show eclipses.We also detect five long outbursts and six short outbursts showing V447 Lyr is a U Gem-type dwarf nova. We show that the orbital phase of the mid-eclipse occurs earlier during outbursts compared to quiescence and that the width of the eclipse is greater during outburst. This suggests that the bright spot is more prominent during quiescence and that the disc is larger during outburst than quiescence. This is consistent with an expansion of the outer disc radius due to the presence of high viscosity material associated with the outburst, followed by a contraction in quiescence due to the accretion of low angular momentum material. We note that the long outbursts appear to be triggered by a short outburst, which is also observed in the super-outbursts of SU UMa dwarf novae as observed using Kepler.

cataclysmic variable↗

The HEAO-A2 soft X-ray survey of cataclysmic variable stars - EX Hydrae during optical quiescence

Results are reported for HEAO A2 soft X-ray (below 2 keV) scanning observations of the southern dwarf nova EX Hya. An X-ray light curve is presented which shows no apparent orbital modulation. The best-fitting spectral parameters are derived for the source, and the observations are compared with the spectral behavior of the dwarf nova SS Cyg during optical quiescence. The results are discussed in terms of models for X-ray production by accreting white dwarfs.

Cordova, F. A.↗

Soft X-ray observations of degenerate dwarfs and cataclysmic variables

Observations in outburst of two dwarf novae, SS Cyg and U Gem, reveal soft, pulsed X-ray emission greatly enhanced over the emission present during the quiescent periods. In order to characterize the nature of the X-ray pulsations a random phase analysis was carried out, which indicated the phase of SS Cyg behaved like a random variable with zero mean and an r.m.s. value that increased with the square root of the time. Attention is also given to the properties of the detected dwarf novae during optical quiescences, to isolated white dwarfs, and to optical observations of AM Her. It is concluded that the dwarf novae, which occur in binary systems, appear to be controlled by the varying accretion of matter generated by the main sequence companion, and that the X-ray emission during outburst appears to consist of two separate components: a periodically varying (on about a 10 s timescale) soft component, together with a more slowly randomly varying hard component.

Garmire, G.↗

The optical identification of H2252-035 with a cataclysmic variable

An improved position is presented for the X-ray source H2252-033 using the Ariel V Sky Survey Instrument, and precise positioning using the Scanning Modulation Collimator on HEAO-1. The source is identified optically with a 13th magnitude emission-line object, which is probably a white dwarf binary with a well formed accretion disk, with similarities to the dwarf novae (e.g., SS Cyg) at minimum.

Griffiths, R. E.↗

Hard X-ray properties of cataclysmic variables

A brief summary is presented of results for AM Her, EX Hya, SS Cyg, and U Gem obtained with the high-energy detectors of the HEAO A2 experiment from 2-60 keV and the Solid State Spectrometer Experiment with the Monitor Proportional Control on the Einstein Observatory. It is found that the magnetic variable AM Her and the dwarf novae are similar in having bremsstrahlung of similar luminosity with temperatures for the dwarf novae that can approach that for AM Her and in flickering on a time scale of 5-15 min. But in general these dwarf novae temperatures are about 2-10 times lower. Only in Am Her is there evidence in the spectrum and eclipses for a small spot very close to the white dwarf surface. Most of the hard X-rays in SS Cyg, EX Hya, and U Gem are not pulsed, and the hard X-ray fluxes observed have never been significantly absorbed or degraded.

Swank, J. H.↗

Stepanyan's star - A new eclipsing cataclysmic variable

High-speed photometry of the nova-like variable Stepanyan's star shows a 3-hr 48-min orbital period marked by a 2.2-mag eclipse which spans orbital phases 0.91-0.09. The uneclipsed light is variable by typically 0.15 mag on time scales of minutes to seconds and shows no obvious modulation with orbital phase. Intermediate-band colors show an enhancement in Balmer continuum emission and in red light during the eclipse.

Horne, K.↗