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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

Estimates of Comet Fragment Masses from Impact Crater Chains on Callisto and Ganymede

Chains of impact craters, or catenae, have been identified in Voyager images of Callisto and Ganymede. Although these resemble in some respects secondary crater chains, the source craters and basins for the catenae cannot be identified. The best explanation is a phenomenon similar to that displayed by former comet Shoemaker-Levy 9; tidal (or other) breakup close to Jupiter followed by gradual orbital separation of the fragments and collision with a Galilean satellite on the outbound leg of the trajectory. Because the trajectories must pass close to Jupiter, this constrains the impact geometry (velocity and impact angle) of the individual fragments. For the dominant classes of impactors, short period Jupiter-family comets and asteroids, velocities at Callisto and Ganymede are dominated by Jovian gravity and a satellite's orbital motion, and are insensitive to the pre-fragmentation heliocentric velocity; velocities are insensitive to satellite gravity for all impactor classes. Complex crater shapes on Callisto and Ganymede are determined from Voyager images and Schmidt-Holsapple scaling is used to back out individual fragment masses. We find that comet fragment radii are generally less than about 500 m (for ice densities) but can be larger. These estimates can be compared with those for the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impactors.

McKinnon, William B.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A Correlated Ab Initio Study of Linear Carbon-Chain Radicals C(sub n)H (n=2-7)

Linear carbon-chain radicals C(sub n) H for n = 2-7 have been studied with correlation consistent valence and core-valence basis sets and the coupled cluster method RCCSD(T). Equilibrium structures, rotational constants, and dipole moments are reported and compared with available experimental data. The ground state of the even-n series changes from 2Sigma(+) to 2Pi as the chain is extended. For C4H, the 2Sigma(+) state was found to lie only 72 cm(exp -1) below the 2Pi state in the estimated complete basis set limit for valence correlation. The C2H(-) and C3H(-) anions have also been characterized.

Woon, David E.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Phase Diagram of the Two-Chain Hubbard Model

We have calculated the charge gap and spin gap for the two-chain Hubbard model as a function of the on-site Coulomb interaction and the interchain hopping amplitude. We used the density matrix renormalization group method and developed a method to calculate separately the gaps numerically for the symmetric and antisymmetric modes with respect to the exchange of the chain indices. We have found very different behaviors for the weak and strong interaction cases. Our calculated phase diagram is compared to the one obtained by Balents and Fisher using the weak coupling renormalization group technique.

Park, Youngho↗
NASA NTRS1999

Charge and Spin Dynamics of the Hubbard Chains

We calculate the local correlation functions of charge and spin for the one-chain and two-chain Hubbard model using density matrix renormalization group method and the recursion technique. Keeping only finite number of states we get good accuracy for the low energy excitations. We study the charge and spin gaps, bandwidths and weights of the spectra for various values of the on-site Coulomb interaction U and the electron filling. In the low energy part, the local correlation functions are different for the charge and spin. The bandwidths are proportional to t for the charge and J for the spin respectively.

Park, Youngho↗
NASA NTRS2002

Poly (Aryl Ether Ketones) Bearing Alkylated Side Chains

This invention relates generally to poly(aryl ether ketones) bearing alkylated side chains. It relates particularly to soluble, thermally stable. low dielectric poly(aryl ether ketones) with alkylated side chains and especially to films and coatings thereof. These poly(aryl ether ketones) have a structural formula wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of CF3 and CH3; and wherein R is C(sub n)H(sub (2n+1)) and n = 11-18.

Patrick E Cassidy↗
NASA NTRS1995

A correlated ab initio study of linear carbon-chain radicals CnH (n = 2-7)

Linear carbon-chain radicals CnH for n = 2-7 have been studied with correlation consistent valence and core-valence basis sets and the coupled cluster method RCCSD(T). Equilibrium structures, rotational constants, and dipole moments are reported and compared with available experimental data. The ground state of the even-n series changes from 2 sigma+ to 2 pi as the chain is extended. For C4H, the 2 sigma+ state was found to lie only 72 cm-1 below the 2 pi state in the estimated complete basis set limit for valence correlation. The C2H- and C3H- anions have also been characterized.

NASA Discipline Exobiology↗
NASA NTRS1989

Calcium requirement of phytochrome-mediated fern-spore germination: no direct phytochrome-calcium interaction in the phytochrome-initiated transduction chain

Phytochrome-mediated germination of fern spores of Dryopteris paleacea Sw. was initiated by a saturating red-light (R) irradiation after 20 h of imbibition. For its realization external Ca2+ was required, with a threshold at a submicromolar concentration, and an optimum was reached around 10(-4) M. At concentrations > or = 10(-1) M only a reduced response was obtained, based probably on an unspecific osmotic or ionic effect. The germination response was inhibited by La3+, an antagonist of Ca2+. From these results it is concluded that Ca2+ influx from the medium into the spores may be an important event in phytochrome-mediated germination. In the absence of Ca2+ the R-stimulated system remained capable of responding to Ca2+, added as late as 40 h after R. Moreover, Ca2+ was effective even if added after the active form of phytochrome, Pfr, had been abolished by far-red (FR) 24 h after R. Thus, the primary effect of Pfr, that initiates the transduction chain, does not require calcium. "Coupling" of Pfr to subsequent dark reactions has been investigated by R-FR irradiations with various dark intervals. The resulting "escape kinetics" were characterized by a lag phase (6 h) and half-maximal escape from FR reversibility (19 h). These kinetics were not significantly changed by the presence or absence of calcium. Thus, direct interaction of Pfr and calcium is not a step in the transduction chain initiated by the active form of phytochrome.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS1995

Direct binding of F actin to the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha 2 integrin chain in vitro

The transmembrane integrins have been shown to interact with the cytoskeleton via noncovalent binding between cytoplasmic domains (CDs) of integrin beta chains and various actin binding proteins within the focal adhesion complex. Direct or indirect integrin alpha chain CD binding to the actin cytoskeleton has not been reported. We show here that actin, as an abundant constituent of focal adhesion complex proteins isolated from fibroblasts, binds strongly and specifically to alpha 2 CD, but not to alpha 1 CD peptide. Similar specific binding to alpha 2 CD peptide was seen for highly purified F actin, free of putative actin-binding proteins. The bound complex of actin and peptide was visualized directly by coprecipitation, and actin binding was abrogated by removal of a five amino acid sequence from the alpha 2 CD peptide. Our findings may explain the earlier observation that, while integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 1 beta 1 both bind to collagen, only alpha 2 beta 1 can mediate contraction of extracellular collagen matrices.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS2005

Momentum-Based Dynamics for Spacecraft with Chained Revolute Appendages

An efficient formulation is presented for a sub-class of multi-body dynamics problems that involve a six degree-of-freedom base body and a chain of N rigid linkages connected in series by single degree-of-freedom revolute joints. This general method is particularly well suited for simulations of spacecraft dynamics and control that include the modeling of an orbiting platform with or without internal degrees of freedom such as reaction wheels, dampers, and/or booms. In the present work, particular emphasis is placed on dynamic simulation of multi-linkage robotic manipulators. The differential equations of motion are explicitly given in terms of linear and angular momentum states, which can be evaluated recursively along a serial chain of linkages for an efficient real-time solution on par with the best of the O(N3) methods.

Queen, Steven↗
NASA NTRS2002

THz frequency multiplier chains base on planar Schottky diodes

The Herschel Space Observatory (HSO), an ESA cornerstone mission with NASA contribution, will enable a comprehensive study of the galactic as well as the extra galactic universe. At the heart of this exploration are ultra sensitive coherent detectors that can allow for high-resolution spectroscopy. Successful operation of these receivers is predicated on providing a sufficiently powerful local oscillator (LO) source. Historically, a versatile space qualified LO source for frequencies beyond 500 GHz has been difficult if not impossible. This paper will focus on the effort under way to develop, build, characterize and qualify a LO chain to 1200 GHz (Band 5 on HSO) that is based on planar GaAs diodes mounted in waveguide circuits. State-of-the-art performance has been obtained from a three-stage ( x2 x 2 x 3 ) multiplier chain that can provide a peak output power of 120 uW (1178 GHz) at room temperature and a peak output power of 190 uW at 1183 GHz when cooled to 113 K. Implementation of this LO source for the Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infrared (HIFI) on HSO will be discussed in detail.

oscillator spectroscopy↗
NASA NTRS1988

Cross-contact chain

A system is provided for use with wafers that include multiple integrated circuits that include two conductive layers in contact at multiple interfaces. Contact chains are formed beside the integrated circuits, each contact chain formed of the same two layers as the circuits, in the form of conductive segments alternating between the upper and lower layers and with the ends of the segments connected in series through interfaces. A current source passes a current through the series-connected segments, by way of a pair of current tabs connected to opposite ends of the series of segments. While the current flows, voltage measurements are taken between each of a plurality of pairs of voltage tabs, the two tabs of each pair connected to opposite ends of an interface that lies along the series-connected segments. A plot of interface conductances on a normal probability chart, enables prediction of the yield of good integrated circuits from the wafer.

Lieneweg, Udo↗
NASA NTRS2010

Harnessing the Risk-Related Data Supply Chain: An Information Architecture Approach to Enriching Human System Research and Operations Knowledge

NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) and Space Life Sciences Directorate (SLSD), not unlike many NASA organizations today, struggle with the inherent inefficiencies caused by dependencies on heterogeneous data systems and silos of data and information spread across decentralized discipline domains. The capture of operational and research-based data/information (both in-flight and ground-based) in disparate IT systems impedes the extent to which that data/information can be efficiently and securely shared, analyzed, and enriched into knowledge that directly and more rapidly supports HRP's research-focused human system risk mitigation efforts and SLSD s operationally oriented risk management efforts. As a result, an integrated effort is underway to more fully understand and document how specific sets of risk-related data/information are generated and used and in what IT systems that data/information currently resides. By mapping the risk-related data flow from raw data to useable information and knowledge (think of it as the data supply chain), HRP and SLSD are building an information architecture plan to leverage their existing, shared IT infrastructure. In addition, it is important to create a centralized structured tool to represent risks including attributes such as likelihood, consequence, contributing factors, and the evidence supporting the information in all these fields. Representing the risks in this way enables reasoning about the risks, e.g. revisiting a risk assessment when a mitigation strategy is unavailable, updating a risk assessment when new information becomes available, etc. Such a system also provides a concise way to communicate the risks both within the organization as well as with collaborators. Understanding and, hence, harnessing the human system risk-related data supply chain enhances both organizations' abilities to securely collect, integrate, and share data assets that improve human system research and operations.

Buquo, Lynn↗
NASA NTRS2011

Harnessing the Risk-Related Data Supply Chain: An Information Architecture Approach to Enriching Human System Research and Operations Knowledge

An Information Architecture facilitates the understanding and, hence, harnessing of the human system risk-related data supply chain which enhances the ability to securely collect, integrate, and share data assets that improve human system research and operations. By mapping the risk-related data flow from raw data to useable information and knowledge (think of it as a data supply chain), the Human Research Program (HRP) and Space Life Science Directorate (SLSD) are building an information architecture plan to leverage their existing, and often shared, IT infrastructure.

Buquo, Lynn E.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Consequence and Resilience Modeling for Chemical Supply Chains

The U.S. chemical sector produces more than 70,000 chemicals that are essential material inputs to critical infrastructure systems, such as the energy, public health, and food and agriculture sectors. Disruptions to the chemical sector can potentially cascade to other dependent sectors, resulting in serious national consequences. To address this concern, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) tasked Sandia National Laboratories to develop a predictive consequence modeling and simulation capability for global chemical supply chains. This paper describes that capability , which includes a dynamic supply chain simulation platform called N_ABLE(tm). The paper also presents results from a case study that simulates the consequences of a Gulf Coast hurricane on selected segments of the U.S. chemical sector. The case study identified consequences that include impacted chemical facilities, cascading impacts to other parts of the chemical sector. and estimates of the lengths of chemical shortages and recovery . Overall. these simulation results can DHS prepare for and respond to actual disruptions.

Stamber, Kevin L.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Observations of Carbon Chain Chemistry in the Envelopes of Low-Mass Protostars

Observational results are reported from our surveys in the Northern Hemisphere (using the Onsala 20 m telescope) and the Southern Hemisphere (using the Mopra 22 m telescope) to search for 3 mm emission lines from carbon-chain-bearing species and other complex molecules in the envelopes of low-mass protostars. Based on a sample of approximately 60 sources, we find that carbon-chain-bearing species including HC3N (and C4H) are highly abundant in the vicinity of more than half of the observed protostars. The origin and evolution of these species, including their likely incorporation into ices in protoplanetary disks will be discussed

Cordiner, M.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Microchip Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis (MicronNACE) Method to Analyze Long-Chain Primary Amines

A protocol was developed as a first step in analyzing the complex organic aerosols present on Saturn's moon Titan, as well as the analogues of these aerosols (tholins) made on Earth. Labeling of primary amines using Pacific Blue succinimidyl ester is effected in ethanol with 25 mM triethylamine to maintain basic conditions. This reaction is allowed to equilibrate for at least one hour. Separation of the labeled primary amines is performed in ethanol with 1.05 M acetic acid, and 50 mM ammonium acetate in a commercial two-layer glass device with a standard crossmicrochannel measuring 50 microns wide by 20 microns deep. Injection potentials are optimized at 2 kV from the sample (negative) to the waste well (positive), with slight bias applied to the other two wells ( 0.4 and 0.8 V) to pinch the injection plug for the 30-s injection. Separation is performed at a potential of 5 kV along the channel, which has an effective separation distance of 7 cm. The use of ethanol in this method means that long-chain primary amines can be dissolved. Due to the low pH of the separation buffer, electro-osmotic flow (EOF) is minimized to allow for separation of both short-chain and longchain amines. As the freezing point of ethanol is much lower than water, this protocol can perform separations at temperatures lower than 0 C, which would not be possible in aqueous phase. This is of particular importance when considering in situ sampling of Titan aerosols, where unnecessary heating of the sample (even to room temperature) would lead to decomposition or unpredictable side reactions, which would make it difficult to characterize the sample appropriately.

Willis, Peter A.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Application and Evaluation of a Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Tamor River Basin, Eastern Himalaya Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Data Assimilation Approach

Previous studies have drawn attention to substantial hydrological changes taking place in mountainous watersheds where hydrology is dominated by cryospheric processes. Modelling is an important tool for understanding these changes but is particularly challenging in mountainous terrain owing to scarcity of ground observations and uncertainty of model parameters across space and time. This study utilizes a Markov Chain Monte Carlo data assimilation approach to examine and evaluate the performance of a conceptual, degree-day snowmelt runoff model applied in the Tamor River basin in the eastern Nepalese Himalaya. The snowmelt runoff model is calibrated using daily streamflow from 2002 to 2006 with fairly high accuracy (average Nash-Sutcliffe metric approx. 0.84, annual volume bias <3%). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach constrains the parameters to which the model is most sensitive (e.g. lapse rate and recession coefficient) and maximizes model fit and performance. Model simulated streamflow using an interpolated precipitation data set decreases the fractional contribution from rainfall compared with simulations using observed station precipitation. The average snowmelt contribution to total runoff in the Tamor River basin for the 2002-2006 period is estimated to be 29.7+/-2.9% (which includes 4.2+/-0.9% from snowfall that promptly melts), whereas 70.3+/-2.6% is attributed to contributions from rainfall. On average, the elevation zone in the 4000-5500m range contributes the most to basin runoff, averaging 56.9+/-3.6% of all snowmelt input and 28.9+/-1.1% of all rainfall input to runoff. Model simulated streamflow using an interpolated precipitation data set decreases the fractional contribution from rainfall versus snowmelt compared with simulations using observed station precipitation. Model experiments indicate that the hydrograph itself does not constrain estimates of snowmelt versus rainfall contributions to total outflow but that this derives from the degree-day melting model. Lastly, we demonstrate that the data assimilation approach is useful for quantifying and reducing uncertainty related to model parameters and thus provides uncertainty bounds on snowmelt and rainfall contributions in such mountainous watersheds.

runoff↗
NASA NTRS2015

Thermal Analysis of Brazing Seal and Sterilizing Technique to Break Contamination Chain for Mars Sample Return

The potential to return Martian samples to Earth for extensive analysis is in great interest of the planetary science community. It is important to make sure the mission would securely contain any microbes that may possibly exist on Mars so that they would not be able to cause any adverse effects on Earth's environment. A brazing sealing and sterilizing technique has been proposed to break the Mars-to-Earth contamination chain. Thermal analysis of the brazing process was conducted for several conceptual designs that apply the technique. Control of the increase of the temperature of the Martian samples is a challenge. The temperature profiles of the Martian samples being sealed in the container were predicted by finite element thermal models. The results show that the sealing and sterilization process can be controlled such that the samples' temperature is maintained below the potentially required level, and that the brazing technique is a feasible approach to break the contamination chain.

Bao, Xiaoqi↗