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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Demand Response as a System Reliability Resource

The Demand Response as a System Reliability Resource project consists of six technical tasks: • Task 2.1. Test Plan and Conduct Tests: Contingency Reserves Demand Response (DR) Demonstration—a pioneering demonstration of how existing utility load-management assets can provide an important electricity system reliability resource known as contingency reserve. • Task 2.2. Participation in Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) IntelliGrid—technical assistance to the EPRI IntelliGrid team in developing use cases and other high-level requirements for the architecture. • Task 2.3. Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD&D) Planning for Demand Response Technology Development—technical support to the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program on five topics: Sub-task 1. PIER Smart Grid RD&D Planning Document; Sub-task 2. System Dynamics of Programmable Controllable Thermostats; Sub-task 3. California Independent System Operator (California ISO) DR Use Cases; Sub-task 4. California ISO Telemetry Requirements; and Sub-task 5. Design of a Building Load Data Storage Platform. • Task 2.4. Time Value of Demand Response—research that will enable California ISO to take better account of the speed of the resources that it deploys to ensure compliance with reliability rules for frequency control. • Task 2.5. System Integration and Market Research: Southern California Edison (SCE)—research and technical support for efforts led by SCE to conduct demand response pilot demonstrations to provide a contingency reserve service (known as non-spinning reserve) through a targeted sub-population of aggregated residential and small commercial customers enrolled in SCE’s traditional air conditioning (AC) load cycling program, the Summer Discount Plan. • Task 2.6. Demonstrate Demand Response Technologies: Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E)—research and technical support for efforts led by PG&E to conduct a demand response pilot demonstration to provide non-spinning reserve through a targeted sub-population of aggregated residential customers enrolled in PG&E’s AC load curtailment program, the Smart AC™ Demand Response Program.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Collection and Analysis of Telemetry for CyOTE Heuristics (CATCH)

The Collection and Analysis of Telemetry for CyOTE Heuristics (CATCH) provides a framework for augmenting an organization’s existing security controls with CyOTE developed analyses. CATCH collects, stores, analyzes, and creates STIX reports on anomalous data. CATCH connects the CyOTE analysis framework together with the MITRE ICS ATT&CK® patterns and highlights areas of improvement and further research. This tool is designed to enhance an organization’s security controls by providing a structured approach to collecting, storing, analyzing, and reporting anomalous data.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Downhole Sensors in Drilling Operations

Before downhole and surface equipment became mainstream, drillers had little way of knowing where they were or the conditions of the well. Eventually, breakthroughs in technology such as Measurement While Drilling (MWD) devices and the Electronic Drilling Recorder system allowed for more accurate and increased data collection. More modern initiatives that approach drilling as manufacturing such as Lean Drilling, Drilling the Limit, and revitalized Drilling the Limit programs have allowed petroleum drilling operations to become more efficient in the design and creation of a well, increasing rates of penetration by more than 50%. Unfortunately, temperature and cost limitations of these tools have prevented geothermal operations from using this state-of-the-art equipment in most wells. Today, petroleum drilling operations can collect surface measurements on key drilling data such as rotary torque, hook load (for surface weight on bit), rotary speed, block height (for rate of penetration), mud pressure, pit volume, and pump strokes (for flowrates). They also can collect downhole measurements of azimuth, inclination, temperature, pressure, revolutions per minute, downhole torque on bit, downhole weight on bit, downhole vibration, and bending moment using an MWD device (although not necessarily in real time). These data can be used to calculate and minimize mechanical specific energy, which is the energy input required to remove a unit volume of rock. In geothermal operations, these data are not always used due to poor accuracy or lack of equipment. This is one of the major hurdles for geothermal well construction and a reason why geothermal drilling operations take much longer than their petroleum counterparts. This paper reviews the surface and downhole data collection equipment used in the petroleum industry and its associated costs, capabilities, limitations, and impacts. The impact these downhole tools and measurements have had on increasing drilling efficiency for the petroleum industry suggests that developing these tools for high-temperature, high-pressure environments could be similarly impactful for the geothermal industry.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Experimental investigation of piston heat transfer under conventional diesel and reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion regimes

The piston of a heavy-duty single-cylinder research engine was instrumented with 11 fast-response surface thermocouples, and a commercial wireless telemetry system was used to transmit the signals from the moving piston. The raw thermocouple data were processed using an inverse heat conduction method that included Tikhonov regularization to recover transient heat flux. By applying symmetry, the data were compiled to provide time-resolved spatial maps of the piston heat flux and surface temperature. A detailed comparison was made between conventional diesel combustion and reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion operations at matched conditions of load, speed, boost pressure, and combustion phasing. The integrated piston heat transfer was found to be 24% lower, and the mean surface temperature was 25 C lower for reactivity-controlled compression ignition operation as compared to conventional diesel combustion, in spite of the higher peak heat release rate. Lower integrated piston heat transfer for reactivity-controlled compression ignition was found over all the operating conditions tested. The results showed that increasing speed decreased the integrated heat transfer for conventional diesel combustion and reactivity-controlled compression ignition. The effect of the start of injection timing was found to strongly influence conventional diesel combustion heat flux, but had a negligible effect on reactivity-controlled compression ignition heat flux, even in the limit of near top dead center high-reactivity fuel injection timings. These results suggest that the role of the high-reactivity fuel injection does not significantly affect the thermal environment even though it is important for controlling the ignition timing and heat release rate shape. The integrated heat transfer and the dynamic surface heat flux were found to be insensitive to changes in boost pressure for both conventional diesel combustion and reactivity-controlled compression ignition. However, for reactivity-controlled compression ignition, the mean surface temperature increased with changes in boost suggesting that equivalence ratio affects steady-state heat transfer.

Splitter, Derek A↗
DOE OSTI2018

AESD (Advanced Energy System Design) Records API [SWRs-17-50, 17-51, 17-52]

The Records API (application program interface) for Advanced Energy System Design (AESD) enables software that serves multidimensional record-oriented data to interoperate with software than uses such data. In the context of the Records API, multidimensional data records are simply tuples of real numbers, integers, and character strings, where each data value is tagged by a variable name, according to a pre-defined schema, and each record is assigned a unique integer identifier. Conceptually, these records are isomorphic to rows in a relational database, JSON objects, or key-value maps. Records servers might supply static datasets, sensor measurements that periodically update as new telemetry become available, or the results of simulations as the simulations generate new output. Records client software might display or analyze the data, but in the case of simulations the client request the creation of new ensembles for specified input parameters. It is also possible to chain records clients and servers together so that a client consuming data from a server might transform that data and serve it to additional clients. This minimalist API avoids imposing burdensome metadata, structural, or implementation requirements on developers by relying on open-source technologies that are readily available for common programming languages. In particular, the API has been designed to place the least possible burden on services that provide data. This document defines the message format for the Records API, a transport mechanism for communicating the data, and the semantics for interpreting it. The message format is specified as Google Protocol Buffers and the transport mechanism uses WebSockets. We discuss three major use cases for serving and consuming records data: (i) static data, (ii) dynamically augmented data, (iii) on-demand simulations, (iv) with filters, and (v) with bookmarks. Separate implementations of the API exist in C++, Haskell, JavaScript, Python, and R.

Bush, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Energy System Design (AESD): Technical Manual for the Records API

The Records API (application program interface) for Advanced Energy System Design (AESD) enables software that serves multidimensional record-oriented data to interoperate with software than uses such data. In the context of the Records API, multidimensional data records are simply tuples of real numbers, integers, and character strings, where each data value is tagged by a variable name, according to a pre-defined schema, and each record is assigned a unique integer identifier. Conceptually, these records are isomorphic to rows in a relational database, JSON objects, or key-value maps. Records servers might supply static datasets, sensor measurements that periodically update as new telemetry become available, or the results of simulations as the simulations generate new output. Records client software might display or analyze the data, but in the case of simulations the client request the creation of new ensembles for specified input parameters. It is also possible to chain records clients and servers together so that a client consuming data from a server might transform that data and serve it to further clients. This minimalist API avoids imposing burdensome metadata, structural, or implementation requirements on developers by relying on open-source technologies that is readily available for common programming languages. In particular, the API has been designed to place the smallest possible burden on services that provide data. This document defines the message format for the Records API, a transport mechanism for communicating the data, and semantics for interpreting it. The message format is specified as Google Protocol Buffers and the transport mechanism uses WebSockets. We discuss three major use cases for serving and consuming records data: (i) static data, (ii) dynamically augmented data, (iii) on-demand simulations, (iv) with filters, and (v) with bookmarks. Separate implementations of the API exist in C++, Haskell, JavaScript, Python, and R.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced Synchrophasor Protocol (ASP) Development and Demonstration Project

The Advanced Synchrophasor Protocol Project had two main objectives: To develop, document, and demonstrate a new standard communications protocol (that became named the Streaming Telemetry Transport Protocol, or STTP) to overcome the issues being encountered in large-scale synchrophasor data system deployments using existing protocols – specifically with issues of scalability, data loss, bandwidth utilization, data access control, transport security options, and cost of configuration management, and to work with standards bodies to put STTP on a track for consideration as a standard protocol.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Monitoring and Analysis of In-Pile Phenomena in Advanced Test Reactor using Acoustic Telemetry

The interior of a nuclear reactor presents a particularly harsh and challenging environment for both sensors and telemetry due to high temperatures and high fluxes of energetic and ionizing particles among the radioactive decay products. A number of research programs are developing acoustic-based sensing approach to take advantage of the acoustic transmission properties of reactor cores. Idaho National Laboratory has installed vibroacoustic receivers on and around the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) containment vessel to take advantage of acoustically telemetered sensors such as thermoacoustic (TAC) transducers. The installation represents the first step in developing an acoustic telemetry infrastructure. This paper presents the theory of TAC, application of installed vibroacoustic receivers in monitoring the in-pile phenomena inside the ATR, and preliminary data processing results.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Data Centers and Digital Assurance Workshop 3 – Mitigations for Digital Assurance Risks

The third session of the TADA (Technical Assistance for Digital Assurance) Data Centers Cohort, held on November 18, 2025, focused on developing mitigation strategies for digital assurance risks identified in previous workshops. Hosted by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and ScottMadden, the session emphasized the application of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) to data center infrastructure, particularly at the utility–data center interface. Participants revisited and ranked key digital assurance risks, including architecture and interface weaknesses, governance gaps, and AI-enabled threats. The workshop introduced the 12 principles of CIE, advocating for consequence-focused design, engineered controls, and secure information architecture to proactively reduce cyber-physical vulnerabilities. These principles were applied to critical data center systems such as power distribution, UPS, cooling, SCADA/BMS, and grid-forming batteries. The session also addressed governance challenges at the interconnection boundary, highlighting the need for clear roles in telemetry sharing, firmware management, and trip settings. Special attention was given to emerging risks from behind-the-meter (BTM) generation, including reverse-power flow and the integration of small modular reactors (SMRs), which shift data centers from large loads to complex generation nodes. Participants explored how interconnection agreements can serve as enforceable instruments for digital assurance, and reviewed gaps in current standards such as NERC CIP, IEC 62443, and IEEE 1547. The workshop concluded with pathways to standardization, including model agreement language, state-level programs, and expanded NERC guidance. INL also presented tools and frameworks for secure procurement and supplier risk management, reinforcing the need for integrated engineering and policy solutions to secure the evolving data center–grid ecosystem. Session 3 of 3.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

ESnet/JLab FPGA Accelerated Transport

To increase the science rate for high data rates/volumes, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has partnered with Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) to define an edge to data center traffic shaping / steering transport capability featuring data event aware network shaping and forwarding. The keystone of this ESnet+JLab FPGA Accelerated Transport (EJFAT) is the joint development of an AI/ML directed dynamic compute work Load Balancer (LB) of UDP streamed data. The LB is a suite consisting of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) executing the dynamically configurable, low fixed latency LB data plane featuring real-time packet redirection and high throughput, and a control plane running on the FPGA host computer that monitors network and compute farm telemetry in order to make dynamic AI/ML guided decisions for destination compute host redirection/load balancing and destination resource provisioning. The LB provides for three-tier horizontal scaling across LB suites, core compute hosts, and CPUs within a host. The LB effectively provides seamless integration of edge/core computing to support direct experimental data processing for immediate use by JLab science programs and others such as the EIC as well as data centers of the future requiring high throughput and low latency for both hot and cooled data for both running experiment data acquisition systems and data center use cases.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Using acoustic telemetry for high-resolution sablefish movement informing potential interactions with a tidal turbine

As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental effects need to be documented and established. At present, the potential for fish interactions and subsequent injury or mortality are a significant concern with instream turbines. Sensors, methodologies, and analyses need to be developed to detect collision or near-miss events. These data will reduce uncertainty of the likelihood of such events and provide information to regulators to make informed decisions on permitting and possible mitigation measures if needed. Acoustic telemetry is a primary method for studying fine-scale fish movements because it can remotely track fish in three dimensions with accuracy. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has proven effective for fish passage estimates and fine-scale movement in river impoundments and near dams. Leveraging the success of previous JSATS applications and applying it to the marine environment, juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were tagged and tracked using a fixed-position receiver array in a marine tidal channel for the first time. Applying this technology to future installations of MHK turbines will provide information on fish avoidance and evasion behavior as well as blade strike and potential injury and mortality.

Staines, Garrett J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Forward Modeling of 3-D Ion Properties in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere Using Juno/JADE-I Data

The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Ion sensor (JADE-I) on NASA’s Juno mission provides in-situ measurements of ions from 0.1 to 46.2 keV/q inside Jupiter’s magnetosphere. JADE-I is used to study the plasma with two types of datasets from the same measurement: Time-of-flight (TOF) and SPECIES. The TOF dataset provides mass-per-charge measurements with a range of 1–64 amu/q but oversamples particles over 6π steradian viewing per spacecraft spin and has little directional information. On the other hand, the SPECIES dataset can provide a good measurement of the flow direction but does not provide mass-per-charge information due to the telemetry limit. In this study, we developed a 2-step forward modeling method that combines the advantages and avoids the disadvantages of TOF and SPECIES data to derive the 3-D properties of heavy ions. Assuming that the ion velocity distribution can be described with the kappa distribution, we first perform the forward model fit of the TOF data to calculate the relative abundance of heavy ion species. Then we fix the relative abundance and perform the second forward model fit on the SPECIES data. Here, using this method, we obtain the densities of different heavy ions, the shared temperature and kappa value, and the 3-D flow velocity vector. Some data examples of the equatorial plasma disk before Perijove 24 are included to demonstrate the method. Plasma properties can then be mapped to explore spatial and temporal variabilities in Jupiter’s magnetosphere.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bridging the Gap: User-Centric Energy Monitoring for Policy-Driven Application Optimization in HPC Data Centers

Application energy optimization in HPC data centers face two critical gaps. Systematic methodologies that connect data center policies to application decisions and accessible monitoring tools that enable data-driven optimization. We address both gaps through two complementary pillars. First, we present a methodology based on extended weighted Energy Delay Product (EDP) to translate data center operational priorities and integrate energy considerations into the energy optimization workflow which starts from continuous monitoring through targeted optimization. Second, we present a user-space monitoring tool, Omnistat, that enables this methodology by providing developers with direct access to actionable energy telemetry. Through deployment on the Frontier supercomputer and case studies exploring performance-energy trade-offs, we show how these pillars help energy as an integral optimization target for developers as active participants in data center efficiency.

Shin, Woong [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000172077814)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nuclear Thermal Rocket Emulator for a Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Bed

To support NASA’s mission to use nuclear thermal rockets for future Mars missions, an instrumentation and control test bed has been built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system is designed as a hardware-in-the-loop test bed for testing control elements and autonomous control algorithms for nuclear thermal propulsion rockets. The mock reactor system consists of a modular and scalable framework, using inexpensive components and open-source software. The hardware system consists of a two-phase flow loop and a mock reactor with six control drums. A single-board computer (NVIDIA Jetson) handles reactor core emulation and hosts a message queuing telemetry transport broker that allows user-deployed control algorithms to interact with the system hardware. The reactor emulator receives sensor data from the hardware and provides the simulated performance of the reactor under steady-state, transient, and fault conditions. The emulator uses a reactivity lookup table and the point kinetics equations to solve for the reactor dynamics in real time. Emulated reactor dynamics and sensor input inform the autonomous control algorithm’s decision-making in a closed-loop manner. The current system is capable of operating at 10 Hz, but faster cycle rates are an area of ongoing research. This test bed will enable NASA and other space vendors to rigorously test their autonomous control systems for NTP rockets under transient (reactor startup and shutdown), steady-state, and fault conditions to reduce development time and risk for autonomous control systems in future missions.

autonomous control↗
DOE OSTI2021

Lessons Learned Using Iridium to Communicate with a CubeSat in Low Earth Orbit

This paper presents the design and approval process for operating an Iridium transceiver on orbit and provide on-orbit performance data obtained from a CubeSat platform in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (500 km orbit). On-orbit data demonstrates that use of a commercial, low-cost Iridium transceiver can serve as a valuable communication approach for low volume telemetry with less than a 30-minute lag for approximately 90% of the time. In this work, we also demonstrate that a radial differential velocity of 7 km/sec corresponding to about a 37.5kHz doppler shift and a distance of less than 2,000 km can be used for mission planning.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Vertical Extraction Process Implemented at the 118-K-1 Burial Ground for Removal of Irradiated Reactor Debris from Silo Structures - 12431

The primary objective of a remediation project is the safe extraction and disposition of diverse waste forms and materials. Remediation of a solid waste burial ground containing reactor hardware and irradiated debris involves handling waste with the potential to expose workers to significantly elevated dose rates. Therefore, a major challenge confronted by any remediation project is developing work processes that facilitate compliant waste management practices while at the same time implementing controls to protect personnel. Traditional burial ground remediation is accomplished using standard excavators to remove materials from trenches and other excavation configurations often times with minimal knowledge of waste that will be encountered at a specific location. In the case of the 118-K-1 burial ground the isotopic activity postulated in historic documents to be contained in vertical cylindrical silos was sufficient to create the potential for a significant radiation hazard to project personnel. Additionally, certain reported waste forms posed an unacceptably high potential to contaminate the surrounding environment and/or workers. Based on process knowledge, waste management requirements, historic document review, and a lack of characterization data it was determined that traditional excavation techniques applied to remediation of vertical silos would expose workers to unacceptable risk. The challenging task for the 118-K-1 burial ground remediation project team then became defining an acceptable replacement technology or modification of an existing technology to complete the silo remediation. Early characterization data provided a good tool for evaluating the location of potential high exposure rate items in the silos. Quantitative characterization was a different case and proved difficult because of the large diameter of the silos and the potential for variable density of attenuating soils and waste forms in the silo. Consequently, the most relevant information supporting job planning and understanding of the conditions was the data obtained from the gross gamma meter that was inserted into each casing to provide a rough estimate of dose rates in the tubes. No added value was realized in attempting to quantify the source term and/or associate the isotopic activity with a particular actual waste form (e.g., sludge). Implementing the WRM system allowed monitoring of worker and boundary exposure rates from a distance, maintaining compliance with ALARA principles. This system also provided the project team early knowledge of items being removed that had high exposure rates associated with them, thus creating an efficient method of acknowledging an issue and arriving at a solution prior to having an upset condition. An electronic dosimeter with telemetry capability replaced the excavator mounted AMP-100 system approximately half way through remediation of the silos. Much higher connectivity efficiency was derived from this configuration. Increasing the data feed efficiency additionally led to less interruption of the remediation effort. Early in system testing process a process handicap on the excavator operator was acknowledged. A loss of depth perception resulted when maneuvering the excavator and bucket using the camera feed to an in-cab monitor. Considerable practice and mock-up testing allowed this handicap to be overcome. The most significant equipment failures involved the cable connection to the camera mounted between the clamshell bucket jaws and the video splitter in the excavator cab. Rotation of the clamshell bucket was identified as the cause of cable connection failures because of the cyclic twisting motion and continuous mechanical jarring of the connection. In-cab vibration was identified as the culprit in causing connection failures of the video splitter. While these failures were repaired, substantial production time was lost. Ultimately, the decision was made to purchase a second cable and higher quality video splitter eliminate the down time. An engineering improvement for future operations would be inserting cable pig tails at more stressed cable connection points to facilitate rapid change out of the cable should that be required. Overall, the system performed better than expected in a safe and efficient manner. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗