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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Summary of scientific results

Preliminary results of the Apollo 16 lunar experiments are reported. The composition of geological samples from the landing site are discussed including the Cayley Formation and the Descartes highlands. The geological data substantiates the belief that lunar terra is underlain by plagioclase or anorthositic rocks. Other results are discussed for the following experiments: soil mechanics, passive and active seismic, lunar surface and portable magnetometer, far camera/spectrograph, solar wind composition, cosmic ray, and spectrometer.

England, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

An overview of geological results from Mariner 9.

Summary of Mariner 9 mission operations associated with the acquisition of geological data. Selected results are presented, along with hypotheses inferred from preliminary evidence. These hypotheses are included in order to call attention to areas in which potentially valuable work can be performed.

Masursky, H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Pahranagat Shear System, Lincoln County, Nevada

The author has identified the following significant results. A structural model which relates strike-slip deformation to Basin Range extensional tectonics was formulated on the basis of analysis and interpreatation of ERTS-1 MSS imagery over southern Lincoln County, Nevada. Study of published geologic data and field reconnaissance of key areas has been conducted to support the ERTS-1 data interpretation. The structural model suggests that a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, called the Pahranagat Shear System, formed as a transform fault separating two areas of east-west structural extension.

Liggett, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Identification of geostructures of continental crust particularly as they relate to mineral resource evaluation

The author has identified the following significant results. New mineral deposits have recently been discovered in eastern Alaska through application of a hypothesis very similar to one developed in interpretation of Nimbus and ERTS-1 imagery in this investigation, that mineral deposits may be spatially related to a set of crustal linears. The discovery affirms the validity of this hypothesis and provides an additional exploration rationale to the mineral industry. A regional lineation in lakes near Umiat in northern Alaska, suspected to reflect structures in basement and suggesting areas of possible potential for new petroleum exploration, is found to cover a much larger area than previously suspected east of the Colville River, increasing the area of interest. Further application of this same imagery exists in that environmental scars to the tundra resulting from previous ground exploration, if of large size, can be recognized and their natural revegetation monitored by use of ERTS imagery. New geologic data obtained from ERTS-1 images of lowland areas of western northern Alaska facilitates assessing the petroleum potential of this area. Use of the images in field mapping permitted extrapolation of field observations. Mosaics of ERTS-1 images have provided additional data on regional linear sets and on other regional fault trends possibly related to mineralized areas.

Gryc, G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

ERTS-1 imagery as an aid to the understanding of the regional setting of base metal deposits in the North West Cape Province, South Africa

A number of base metal finds have recently focussed attention on the North Western Cape Province of South Africa as an area of great potential mineral wealth. From the point of view of competitive mineral exploration it was essential that an insight into the regional geological controls of the base metal mineralization of the area be obtained as rapidly as possible. Conventional methods of producing a suitable regional geological map were considered to be too time-consuming and ERTS-1 imagery was consequently examined. This imagery has made a significant contribution in the compilation of a suitable map on which to base further mineral exploration programmes. The time involved in the compilation of maps of this nature was found to be only a fraction of the time necessary for the production of similar maps using other methods. ERTS imagery is therefore considered to be valuable in producing accurate regional maps in areas where little or no geological data are available, or in areas of poor access. Furthermore, these images have great potential for rapidly defining the regional extent of metallogenic provinces.

Viljoen, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The hydrology of prehistoric farming systems in a central Arizona ecotone

The prehistoric land use and water management in the semi-arid Southwest was examined. Remote sensing data, geology, hydrology and biology are discussed along with an evaluation of remote sensing contributions, recommendations for applications, and proposed future remote sensing studies.

Gumerman, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Applicability of ERTS-1 to Montana geology

The author has identified the following significant results. Late autumn imagery provides the advantages of topographic shadow enhancement and low cloud cover. Mapping of rock units was done locally with good results for alluvium, basin fill, volcanics, inclined Paleozoic and Mesozoic beds, and host strata of bentonite beds. Folds, intrusive domes, and even dip directions were mapped where differential erosion was significant. However, mapping was not possible for belt strata, was difficult for granite, and was hindered by conifers compared to grass cover. Expansion of local mapping required geologic control and encountered significant areas unmappable from ERTS imagery. Annotation of lineaments provided much new geologic data. By extrapolating test site comparisons, it is inferred that 27 percent of some 1200 lineaments mapped from western Montana represent unknown faults. The remainder appear to be localized mainly by undiscovered faults and sets of minor faults or joints.

Weidman, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Remote sensing-aided systems for snow qualification, evapotranspiration estimation, and their application in hydrologic models

The design of general remote sensing-aided methodologies was studied to provide the estimates of several important inputs to water yield forecast models. These input parameters are snow area extent, snow water content, and evapotranspiration. The study area is Feather River Watershed (780,000 hectares), Northern California. The general approach involved a stepwise sequence of identification of the required information, sample design, measurement/estimation, and evaluation of results. All the relevent and available information types needed in the estimation process are being defined. These include Landsat, meteorological satellite, and aircraft imagery, topographic and geologic data, ground truth data, and climatic data from ground stations. A cost-effective multistage sampling approach was employed in quantification of all the required parameters. The physical and statistical models for both snow quantification and evapotranspiration estimation was developed. These models use the information obtained by aerial and ground data through appropriate statistical sampling design.

Korram, S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Scale covariant cosmology and the temperature of the earth

Geological data are used as cosmological determinants in a study of the temperature of the early earth (2.3 to 4.5 billion years ago). It is known that the energy output of the sun during that period was on the order of 30-40% lower than at present, and deduced that the mean temperature of the earth should have fallen to as low as 245 K, i.e., below the freezing point of seawater. Strong evidence exists, however, to indicate that algae (therefore liquid water) was present. To reconcile the discrepancies, a model is proposed whereby terrestrial G and M vary. It is further noted that atmosphere H2 may be a better agent than NH3 for producing a greenhouse effect.

Canuto, V.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Thermal history and evolution of Mars

A thermal history of Mars is developed on the basis of available geophysical and geological data, including information obtained by the Viking missions. Specification of initial temperatures, composition and heat sources takes into account conduction and subsolidus mantle convection. Four phases in the Martian thermal history are distinguished. Core formation and crust differentiation occur during the first billion years. Partial melting, differentiation and outgassing of the mantle have taken place by the end of 3 billion years. In the 3- to 4-billion year epoch, the lithosphere thickens and the partial melt zone becomes deeper. By 4.6 billion years after commencement of evolution, volcanic activity has subsided, while the partial melt zone continues to shrink.

Toksoz, M. N.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The moon - Composition determined by nebular processes

The Ganapathy-Anders seven-component model is used as the basis for an analysis of conditions in the early solar nebula as they pertain to the formation of the moon. Calculations incorporating improved geological data and petrological constraints are presented in terms of a model moon which meets trace element restrictions and conforms to known parameters of heat flow, density, and moment of inertia ratio, ie., 40 ppb U, and a core of 2% by weight. It is noted that a melt of the model composition approximates that of Apollo 15 green glass, together with a residuum of olivine, plus 3-4% spinel.

Morgan, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Handbook of lunar materials

The physical, chemical, thermodynamic, and geologic data on lunar rocks, minerals, and processes are summarized, and a set of data metals that might be extracted from lunar materials is presented.

Williams, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Crustal structure, geophysical models and contemporary tectonism of the Colorado Plateau

A regional analysis of the crust and upper mantle of the Colorado Plateau is presented, using existing geophysical and geological data combined with new surface wave dispersion and groundwater geothermometry data; the tectonic implications of these models are also investigated. Surface wave and seismic refraction data indicate that the crust of the interior of the Colorado Plateau is 44 + or - 3 km thick, and its crustal structure is typical of stable continental areas. Pn velocities, however, appear to be lower (7.8 km/s) than would be expected in a stable region, while silica geothermometry indicates that the average heat flow for the plateau is 55 mW per sq m (1.3 HFU).

Keller, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto - Effects of solid-state convection and constraints from Voyager imagery

The imaging experiments of the Voyager 1 and 2 fly-by missions have provided a large amount of information about the nature of the surfaces of the Galilean satellites. The present investigation is concerned with the development of models regarding the thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto, taking into account the approach of parameterized convection. Attention is given to the physical, chemical, and geological data which are available as constraints on the thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto. Both satellites appear to possess surfaces composed of silicates and ice. However, their surface features are distinctly different from each other. In the discussion of thermal evolution models, attention is given to ice-dominant rheology, silicate-dominant rheology, and aspects of phase changes and solid-state convection.

Thurber, C. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Morphology and Mechanics of Terraces in Lunar Craters

The morphology and morphometry of terrace provide information on the mechanical conditions of failure and enlargement of impact craters. A simple, perfect plasticity model for terrace formation was proposed, but the preliminary terrace width measurements used to support the model were insufficient to provide a rigorous test. Lunar crater terraces were studied morphometrically. Roughly 1,000 terraces in 53 fresh lunar craters were measured using Apollo and Lunar Orbiter vertical stereo photography. Terrace widths and their order inward from the rim were measured along eight equally spaced radials in each crater. A list of the craters including rim diameters and geologic data is presented.

Croft, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Remote Stratigraphic and Structural Analysis: Multisensor Results in the Wind River/Bighorn Basin Area, Wyoming

A brief survey is given of research on the San Juan Basin located in northwest New Mexico and Southern Colorado. Seismic, LANDSAT multispectral scanner and geologic data will be examined in order to understand the changing structural configuration of the basin. Several questions concerned with the discrimination of lithology using LANDSAT multispectral scanner data are posed.

Lang, H. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The materials and formation of the imbrium basin

The deposits around the Imbrium basin form a widespread stratigraphic datum, to which other lunar geological units may be relatively dated. More importantly, as a relatively well preserved multi-ring basin, Imbrium provides an important target of geologic investigation to study the processes involved in lunar basin formation and evolution. Two Apollo missions (Apollo 14 and 15) were send to landing sites chosen specifically to address problems of the Imbrium basin geology. Data about the deposits of the Imbrium basin are reviewed. Formational mechanics of lunar basins in general and the relations of materials collected at the highlands adjacent to the Apollo 15 landing site to Imbrium and other basins are examined.

Spudis, P. D.↗