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At least 127 records · Page 7

Supplement to the December 1974 Space Investigation Documentation System (SIDS) report

A listing and brief description of spacecraft and experiments designed to update the December 1974 Space Investigations Documentation System (SIDS) report to March 31, 1975 was presented. The information is given in two sections. In the first, spacecraft and experiment descriptions are sorted by spacecraft common name. Within each spacecraft lising, experiments are sorted by the principal investigator's or team leader's last name. Each spacecraft entry heading contains the spacecraft common name, alternate names, NSSDC ID code, last reported state of the spacecraft, actual or planned launch date, weight, launch site and vehicle, sponsor, orbit parameters, personnel. Each experiment entry heading contains the experiment name, NSSDC ID code, last reported status, the Office of Space Science (OSS) division, the relevant SIDS disciplines, personnel. In the second, all spacecraft and experiment names described in the previous section and in the December 1974 report are sorted out.

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LACIE performance predictor final operational capability program description, volume 1

The program EPHEMS computes the orbital parameters for up to two vehicles orbiting the earth for up to 549 days. The data represents a continuous swath about the earth, producing tables which can be used to determine when and if certain land segments will be covered. The program GRID processes NASA's climatology tape to obtain the weather indices along with associated latitudes and longitudes. The program LUMP takes substrata historical data and sample segment ID, crop window, crop window error and statistical data, checks for valid input parameters and generates the segment ID file, crop window file and the substrata historical file. Finally, the System Error Executive (SEE) Program checks YES error and truth data, CAMS error data, and signature extension data for validity and missing elements. A message is printed for each error found.

Source record↗

Lunar sample studies

Lunar samples discussed and the nature of their analyses are: (1) an Apollo 15 breccia which is thoroughly analyzed as to the nature of the mature regolith from which it derived and the time and nature of the lithification process, (2) two Apollo 11 and one Apollo 12 basalts analyzed in terms of chemistry, Cross-Iddings-Pirsson-Washington norms, mineralogy, and petrography, (3) eight Apollo 17 mare basalts, also analyzed in terms of chemistry, Cross-Iddings-Pirsson-Washington norms, mineralogy, and petrography. The first seven are shown to be chemically similar although of two main textural groups; the eighth is seen to be distinct in both chemistry and mineralogy, (4) a troctolitic clast from a Fra Mauro breccia, analyzed and contrasted with other high-temperature lunar mineral assemblages. Two basaltic clasts from the same breccia are shown to have affinities with rock 14053, and (5) the uranium-thorium-lead systematics of three Apollo 16 samples are determined; serious terrestrial-lead contamination of the first two samples is attributed to bandsaw cutting in the lunar curatorial facility.

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Photometry, spectrophotometry and polarimetry of comet P/Encke during fall of 1979

Broadband S-20, B and V magnitudes of P/Encke were obtained with the digital area photometer, using an Image Dissector Scanner (IDS) detector on the 2.7 m telescope at McDonald Observatory during August 1979. The notation V(S-20) is used for S-20 magnitudes transformed to V magnitudes. The variation in the V(S20) magnitudes (26, 5 minute integrations) on the best photometric night (21 August) was small and random indicating either a lack of rotational albedo variations or, more likely, a masking of the nucleus by the outburst activity. A spectrum covering the region from 3630 to 4900 A at a resolution of 5 A was obtained on 27 August with the IDS spectrograph. The spectrum was featureless, showing no emission at the CN or CO+ wavelengths.

Barker, E. S.↗

Development of methods of producing large areas of silicon sheet by the slicing of silicon ingots using Inside-Diameter (I.D.) saws

Inside diametar wafering equipment, blades and processes were used to develop methods to produce large areas of silicon sheet. Modifications to a 16 inch STC automated saw included: programmable feed system, crystal rotating system, and STC dynatrack blade monitoring and control system. By controlling the plating operation and by grinding of the cutting edge, 16 inch ID blades with a cutting edge thickness of .22 mm can be produced. Crystal rotation mechanism was used to slice 100 mm diameter crystals with a 16 inch blade down to a thickness of .20 mm. Cutting rates with crystal rotation were generally slower than with standard plunge ID slicing techniques. Using programmed feeds and programmed rotation, maximum cutting rates were from 0.3 to 1.0 inches per minute.

Aharonyan, P.↗

Geometric Accuracy Assessment of LANDSAT-4 Multispectral Scanner (MSS)

Standard LANDSAT-4 MSS digital image data were analyzed for geometric accuracy using two P-format (UTM projection) images of the Washington, D.C. area, scene day 109 (ID number 4010915140) and scene day 125 (ID number 4012515144). Both scenes were tested for geodetic registration accuracy (scene-to-map), temporal registration accuracy (scene-to-scene), and band-to-band registration accuracy (within a scene). The combined RMS error for geodetic registration accuracy was 0.43 pixel (25.51 meters), well within specifications. The comparison between the 2 scenes was made on a band-by-band basis. The 90 percent error figure for temporal registration was 0.68 (57x57) pixel (38.8 meters). Although this figure is larger than the specification, it can be considered excellent with respect to user application. The best case registration errors between bands 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 were 14.2m and 13.7m, respectively, both within specifications. The worst case registration error was 38.0 m between bands 2 and 3.

Imhoff, M. L.↗

A microgravity boiling and convective condensation experiment

A boiling and condensing test article consisting of two straight tube boilers, one quartz and one stainless steel, and two 1.5 m long glass-in-glass heat exchangers, on 6 mm ID and one 10 mm ID, was flown on the NASA KC-135 0-G aircraft. Using water as the working fluid, the 5 kw boiler produces two phase mixtures of varying quality for mass flow rates between 0.005 and 0.1 kg/sec. The test section is instrumented at eight locations with absolute and differential pressure transducers and thermocouples. A gamma densitometer is used to measure void fraction, and high speed photography records the flow regimes. A three axis accelerometer provides aircraft acceleration data (+ or - 0.01G). Data are collected via an analog-to-digital conversion and data acquisition system. Bubbly, annular, and slug flow regimes were observed in the test section under microgravity conditions. Flow oscillations were observed for some operating conditions and the effect of the 2-G pullout prior to the 0-G period was observed by continuously recording data throughout the parabolas. A total fo 300 parabolas was flown.

Kachnik, Leo↗

From primal sketches to the recovery of intensity and reflectance representations

A local change in intensity (edge) is a characteristic that is preserved when an image is filtered through a bandpass filter. Primal sketch representations of images, using the bandpass-filtered data, have become a common process since Marr proposed his model for early human vision. Here, researchers move beyond the primal sketch extraction to the recovery of intensity and reflectance representations using only the bandpass-filtered data. Assessing the response of an ideal step edge to the Laplacian of Gaussian (NAb/A squared G) filter, they found that the resulting filtered data preserves the original change of intensity that created the edge in addition to the edge location. Using the filtered data, they can construct the primal sketches and recover the original (relative) intensity levels between the boundaries. It was found that the result of filtering an ideal step edge with the Intensity-Dependent Spatial Summation (IDS) filter preserves the actual intensity on both sides of the edge, in addition to the edge location. The IDS filter also preserves the reflectance ratio at the edge location. Therefore, one can recover the intensity levels between the edge boundaries as well as the (relative) reflectance representation. The recovery of the reflectance representation is of special interest as it erases shadowing degradations and other dependencies on temporal illumination. This method offers a new approach to low-level vision processing as well as to high data-compression coding. High compression can be gained by transmitting only the information associated with the edge location (edge primitives) that is necessary for the recovery

Alter-Gartenberg, Rachel↗

Image recovery from edge primitives

A method for extracting edge primitives from Mach-band patterns is presented together with a method for recovering image representations of features outlined by the edge boundaries. The accuracy, stability, and resolution of these representations are assessed. Since these representations are most commonly used in characterizing targets, this method of low-level processing offers new opportunities for computer vision and high data-compressing coding. Two bandpass filters are considered, the spatially invariant Laplacian of Gaussian filter and spatially variant intensity-dependent spatial (IDS) summation. It is shown that the recovery from the IDS bandpass data is particularly advantageous in applications for which robustness to local and temporal variations in illumination is important. It is concluded that the edge primitives extracted from bandpassed images can be an efficient way to store, transmit, and represent images.

Alter-Gartenberg, Rachel↗

Laser Doppler velocimetry for continuous flow solar-pumped iodine laser system

A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system was employed to measure the flow velocity profile of iodide vapor inside laser tubes of 36 mm ID and 20 mm ID. The LDV, which was operated in the forward scatter mode used a low power (15 mW) He-Ne laser beam. Velocity ranges from 1 m/s was measured to within one percent accuracy. The flow velocity profile across the laser tube was measured and the intensity of turbulence was determined. The flow of iodide inside the laser tube demonstrated a mixture of both turbulence and laminar flow. The flowmeter used for the laser system previously was calibrated with the LDV and found to be in good agreement.

Tabibi, Bagher M.↗

Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics in meteorites. I - Magmatic iron meteorite groups IIAB and IIIAB

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry is used to determine the Re and Os abundances by isotope dilution (ID) and to measure Os-187/Os-186 ratios from 19 iron meteorites. Abundances range from 1.4 to 4800 ppb Re, and from 13 to 65,000 ppb Os, and generally agree well with previous ID and neutron activation results. The Re and Os data suggest that abundance trends in these iron groups may be entirely explained by fractional crystallization. Whole-rock isochrons for the IIAB and IIIAB groups are statistically indistinguishable. Pooled data yield an initial Os-187/Os-186 of 0.794 +/- 0.010 Ga. Given the errors in the slope and half life, this age does not differ significantly from the canonical chondrite age of 4.56 Ga, but could be as young as 4.46 Ga.

Morgan, John W.↗

Qualification of the gritblast assembly and process for the inside diameter of the RSRM forward and aft domes

This gritblast assembly shall be used when refurbishing the Inside Diameter (ID) of RSRM forward and aft domes. Initial blasting is used to remove corrosion and adhesive not removed during the insulation washout. Final blasting is conducted just prior to part finalization in order to remove residual contamination and prepare the ID surface for bonding. The media used in this gritblaster is DuPont Zirclean Blasting Abrasive. It is possible to use other media in this gritblast assembly, however the only facility that has the control capability for this assembly is the Zirclean blast booth. This blast booth can not use other media without the occurrence of contamination. This automated process shall replace the manually controlled gritblasting that is currently in operation. Manual gritblasting does not provide the consistency, control, and safety that an automated process is capable of delivering.

Nolan, Michael J.↗

The 19 mm date recorders: Similarities and differences

Confusion over the use of non-video 19 mm data recorders is becoming more pronounced in the world of high performance computing. The following issues are addressed: (1) the difference between ID-1, ID-2, MIL-STD-2179, and DD-2; (2) the proper machine for the necessary application; and (3) integrating the machine into an existing environment. Also, an attempt is made to clear up any misconceptions there might be about 19 mm tape recorders.

Atkinson, Steve↗

The 19 mm data recorders similarities and differences

Confusion over the use of non-video 19 mm data recorders is becoming more pronounced as we enter the world of high performance computing. This paper addresses the following: the differences between ID-1, ID-2, MIL-STD-2179 and DD-2; what the proper machine is for various applications; how the machine can be integrated into an environment; and any misconceptions there might be about 19 mm tape recorders. DD-2 and 19 mm instrumentation recorders have missions for which each is well designed. While the differences may appear subtle, understanding the difference between the two is the key to picking the right recorder for a particular application.

Atkinson, Steve↗

Earth observing system. Output data products and input requirements, version 2.0. Volume 1: Instrument data product characteristics

Information on Earth Observing System (EOS) output data products and input data requirements that has been compiled by the Science Processing Support Office (SPSO) at GSFC is presented. Since Version 1.0 of the SPSO Report was released in August 1991, there have been significant changes in the EOS program. In anticipation of a likely budget cut for the EOS Project, NASA HQ restructured the EOS program. An initial program consisting of two large platforms was replaced by plans for multiple, smaller platforms, and some EOS instruments were either deselected or descoped. Updated payload information reflecting the restructured EOS program superseding the August 1991 version of the SPSO report is included. This report has been expanded to cover information on non-EOS data products, and consists of three volumes (Volumes 1, 2, and 3). Volume 1 provides information on instrument outputs and input requirements. Volume 2 is devoted to Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) outputs and input requirements, including the 'best' and 'alternative' match analysis. Volume 3 provides information about retrieval algorithms, non-EOS input requirements of instrument teams and IDS investigators, and availability of non-EOS data products at seven primary Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC's).

Lu, Yun-Chi↗

Case study of binary and ternary synthetic discriminant function filters with similar in-class and out-of-class images

A simulation study is reported of the performance of two designs of ternary synthetic discriminant function (SDF) filters. The filters are compared to binary SDFs in terms of the probability of correct identification P(ID) between in-class and out-of-class image sets. Compared to binary synthetic discriminant function (BSDF) filters, both ternary SDF filters designs offer improved performance in P(ID) and thus allow extension of the maximum filter direction range when evaluated in the presence of white image noise. Larger distortion range filters translate to fewer correlations required to perform image identification, and thus higher system speed. The TSDF(SNR) filters had the highest of system performance, while TSDF(d) filters were able to improve discrimination to a degree, but their optimal designs had essentially the same SNR performance as the BSDF filters.

Downie, John D.↗

On-orbit parametric identification methodology

On-orbit system identification (ID) of large space systems is essential for various reasons. For example, the complex composite structure of such systems cannot be ground-tested; their structural dynamic characteristics must be known accurately in order to accomplish active control. Furthermore, such capability can be used to characterize/identify various disturbances. The identification process is consisted of four principal elements: (1) modeling, (2) the estimation algorithm, (3) input system, and (4) measurement system. These elements are highly correlated and all togerher determine the success of the identification problem. Accurate modeling of large space systems is the most important element of the identification process. Large flexible structures are non-linear and infinite dimensional systems with highly coupled parameters and low frequency packed modes. In addition, these systems are subject to stochastic and time-varying disturbances, they have structural parameters which can vary due to on-orbit assembly deployment, and operations. These systems are generally; however, represented by constant coefficient, finite order differential equations. The non-linearities, coupling and noise effects are also often neglected. Moreover, identification experiment designs which lead to highly complex optimization problems usually require the simultaneous choice of ID algorithm, sensor, and actuator type and placement. On-orbit bandwidth and power restrictions on excitation, limited data window, and restrictions on sensor/actuator type, placement and number, has led to practical questions of implementations.

Hadaegh, Fred Y.↗

Software For Computer-Security Audits

Information relevant to potential breaches of security gathered efficiently. Automated Auditing Tools for VAX/VMS program includes following automated software tools performing noted tasks: Privileged ID Identification, program identifies users and their privileges to circumvent existing computer security measures; Critical File Protection, critical files not properly protected identified; Inactive ID Identification, identifications of users no longer in use found; Password Lifetime Review, maximum lifetimes of passwords of all identifications determined; and Password Length Review, minimum allowed length of passwords of all identifications determined. Written in DEC VAX DCL language.

Arndt, Kate↗