Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Jack”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7

Sonic wind tunnel of the Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Lille

A 65 hp wind tunnel with a 40 mm by 240 mm airstream is described. This wind tunnel can achieve speeds in the neighborhood of the speed of sound, both subsonic and supersonic. It is useful in studying the transonic bump technique. The test section is 600 mm long. The side walls are made of transparent glass, and both the upper and lower walls are deformable, each through the use of nine jacks with elastic sleeves. So as to avoid condensation, the airstream's temperature is stabilized by an air exchanger at the temperature of the outside air. The first results for supersonic operation, the distribution of Mach numbers within the airstream between the parallel walls, the value of the use factor, and the diffuser's efficiency are all given.

Gontier, G.↗

Adjustable Mount

Remotely-controlled adjustable mount operates in vacuum environments. Mount consists of jacking-screw arrangement to control vertical direction. Gear-driven lead screw controls other horizontal direction, while rack-andpinion gears control azimuth and pitch. Adjustments made independently of each other.

Crossley, E. A.↗

Potential Surface Improvements by Bump Removal for 64-m Antenna

The surface panels of the main reflector of the 64-m antenna are initially set at an elevation angle of 45 deg, where most tracking occurs, to ideally match a prescribed praboloid. As the antenna is rotated about the elevation axis, distortions are introduced at the surface panel's supporting nodes as well as at the main reflector backup structure by changes in the direction of the gravity forces relative to the reflector symmetric axis. Major bump displacements could be corrected by controlling the position of the surface panel corners using adjustable mechanical jacks that change in length with the antenna elevation angle. The analysis of two bump-removal configurations is presented and one unique adjustment mechanism is proposed. A gain recovery of 0.2 dB at X-band would be available if the reflector structure distortion rms were reduced from 0.63 mm (0.025 in.) to 0.15 mm (0.006 in.).

Katow, S.↗

Inflatable Column Structure

Lightweight structural member easy to store. Billowing between circumferential loops of fiber inflated column becomes series of cells. Each fiber subjected to same tension along entire length (though tension is different in different fibers). Member is called "isotensoid" column. Serves as jack for automobiles or structures during repairs. Also used as support for temporary bleachers or swimming pools.

Hedgepeth, J. M.↗

Two- and three-dimensional model and wall data from a flexible-walled transonic test section

Both two- and three-dimensional model testing is being carried out in the transonic flexible-walled wind tunnel test section. The test section has flexible top and bottom walls with rigid sidewalls. Interference is eliminated by adjustments based on data taken at walls in two dimensional models. Cast-7 data will illustrate agreement between various flexible-walled tunnels. In three-dimensional models interference cannot be eliminated but wall adjustments can control and relieve the principal sources of wall-induced errors. Estimates of magnitudes of the control which may be exercised on flow by movement of one wall jack are presented. A wall control algorithm (still in analytic development stage) based on use of this data is described. Brief examples of control of wall-induced perturbations in region of model are given.

Goodyer, M. J.↗

Sidewall boundary-layer effects in two-dimensional airfoil testing

Theoretical studies required to evaluate and validate the streamlined wall test section of the 0.3 m transonic Cryogenic Tunnel were initiated. The various aspects that are being considered presently are deviations of the real wall shape from the true streamline shape, wall adjustment strategy, and the influence of the sidewall boundary layers. Since the top and bottom walls are supported at a finite number of jack points, the true wall shape will be different from the ideal streamline shape. This is determined by calculating the structural shape for cases for which the exact streamline shape can be calculated. For the structural shape calculations, the MSCNASTRAN code is being used. To start with, comparisons are made using simple singularities for model representation and also for a flat plate at angle of attack.

Murthy, A. V.↗

Orbiter spacecraft weight and center of gravity determination

This paper describes the procedure for determination of the weight and the location of the center of gravity (c.g.) of a Space Shuttle Orbiter Spacecraft, at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This task is performed at the completion of the horizontal processing of each Orbiter in conjunction with jack down and preparation for vertical mating to the Shuttle launch vehicle. The operation is performed in the Orbiter Processing Facility. The paper contains a brief description of the general characteristics and physical dimensions of the Orbiter spacecraft, the program requirements and test procedure for weight and c.g. determination, data evaluation and a summary.

Fraley, J. G.↗

Development of Deployable Truss Concept for Space Station

A single-fold, automatically deployable and retractable, square-shaped truss concept that is a candidate for the strongback of NASA's Space Station was developed. Compact stowage within a square-shaped housing is achieved by using folded longerons and telescoping diagonal members. Deployment or retraction is accomplished, bay by bay, in a controlled manner with root strength maintained at all times. Control is accomplished by motor-driven jack-screws operated by a controller. Power, data, and fluid utility lines can be integrated onto trays that unfold with the truss. To verify performance a kinematically representative ground test article version is used.

Greenberg, H. S.↗

A static data flow simulation study at Ames Research Center

Demands in computational power, particularly in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), led NASA Ames Research Center to study advanced computer architectures. One architecture being studied is the static data flow architecture based on research done by Jack B. Dennis at MIT. To improve understanding of this architecture, a static data flow simulator, written in Pascal, has been implemented for use on a Cray X-MP/48. A matrix multiply and a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT), two algorithms used in CFD work at Ames, have been run on the simulator. Execution times can vary by a factor of more than 2 depending on the partitioning method used to assign instructions to processing elements. Service time for matching tokens has proved to be a major bottleneck. Loop control and array address calculation overhead can double the execution time. The best sustained MFLOPS rates were less than 50% of the maximum capability of the machine.

Barszcz, Eric↗

Checking Plumbing Connections Electrically

Ports identified by Zener-diode voltages. Electronic verification circuits assist in assembly of multiple-line plumbing by helping to ensure proper lines joined to proper input and output ports. Zener diode and electronic jack added to each fixture. Zener breakdown voltage is different for each port. When fixture makes fluid connection, also makes electrical connection. Zener breakdown voltage identifies line, port, or valve to which fluid line connected.

Chappel, Jerry L.↗

An engineering study of hybrid adaptation of wind tunnel walls for three-dimensional testing

Solid wall tunnels having only upper and lower walls flexing are described. An algorithm for selecting the wall contours for both 2 and 3 dimensional wall flexure is presented and numerical experiments are used to validate its applicability to the general test case of 3 dimensional lifting aircraft models in rectangular cross section wind tunnels. The method requires an initial approximate representation of the model flow field at a given lift with wallls absent. The numerical methods utilized are derived by use of Green's source solutions obtained using the method of images; first order linearized flow theory is employed with Prandtl-Glauert compressibility transformations. Equations are derived for the flexed shape of a simple constant thickness plate wall under the influence of a finite number of jacks in an axial row along the plate centerline. The Green's source methods are developed to provide estimations of residual flow distortion (interferences) with measured wall pressures and wall flow inclinations as inputs.

Brown, Clinton↗

Aerofoil testing in a self-streamlining flexible walled wind tunnel

Two-dimensional self-streamlining flexible walled test sections eliminate, as far as experimentally possible, the top and bottom wall interference effects in transonic aerofoil testing. The test section sidewalls are rigid, while the impervious top and bottom walls are flexible and contoured to streamline shapes by a system of jacks, without reference to the aerofoil model. The concept of wall contouring to eliminate or minimise test section boundary interference in two-dimensional testing was first demonstrated by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in England during the early 1940's. The transonic streamlining strategy proposed, developed and used by NPL has been compared with several modern strategies. The NPL strategy has proved to be surprisingly good at providing a wall interference-free test environment, giving model performance indistinguishable from that obtained when using the modern strategies over a wide range of test conditions. In all previous investigations the achievement of wall streamlining in flexible walled test sections has been limited to test conditions up to those which result in the model's shock just extending to a streamlined wall. This work, however, has also successfully demonstrated the feasibility of two-dimensional wall streamlining at test conditions where both model shocks have reached and penetrated through their respective flexible walls. Appropriate streamlining procedures have been established and are uncomplicated, enabling flexible walled test sections to easily cope with these high transonic flows.

Mark Charles Lewis↗

Role of zircon in tracing crustal growth and recycling

Single crystal ion probe ages of zircons is discussed, which allow much better time resolution compared to other geochronological methods, although the technique is not without problems. Rocks from two areas that contain composite zircon populations, including true magmatic zircons as well as a variety of xenocrystic types are described. It is often difficult to distinguish these; xenocrystic zircons, for example, cannot always be identified on the basis of morphology alone. Additional evidence is needed before making age interpretations. Evidence is also presented of zircon growth long after the original time of crystallization, in some cases apparently at temperatures less than 300 C. The spectacular discovery of 4.1 to 4.2 Ga detrital zircons in metaquartzites from the Mount Narryer area of Western Australia is described. Similar zircons with ages as old as 4276 Ma have been found in the nearby Jack Hills area. The source areas or parent lithologies of these zircons have not yet been determined, but the author expects that they may be unrecognized or buried antecedents of the K rich Narryer gneisses. U or Th concentrations of zircon cannot be used to discriminate between felsic and mafic source rocks.

Compston, W.↗

Residual interference and wind tunnel wall adaption

Measured flow variables near the test section boundaries, used to guide adjustments of the walls in adaptive wind tunnels, can also be used to quantify the residual interference. Because of a finite number of wall control devices (jacks, plenum compartments), the finite test section length, and the approximation character of adaptation algorithms, the unconfined flow conditions are not expected to be precisely attained even in the fully adapted stage. The procedures for the evaluation of residual wall interference are essentially the same as those used for assessing the correction in conventional, non-adaptive wind tunnels. Depending upon the number of flow variables utilized, one can speak of one- or two-variable methods; in two dimensions also of Schwarz- or Cauchy-type methods. The one-variable methods use the measured static pressure and normal velocity at the test section boundary, but do not require any model representation. This is clearly of an advantage for adaptive wall test section, which are often relatively small with respect to the test model, and for the variety of complex flows commonly encountered in wind tunnel testing. For test sections with flexible walls the normal component of velocity is given by the shape of the wall, adjusted for the displacement effect of its boundary layer. For ventilated test section walls it has to be measured by the Calspan pipes, laser Doppler velocimetry, or other appropriate techniques. The interface discontinuity method, also described, is a genuine residual interference assessment technique. It is specific to adaptive wall wind tunnels, where the computation results for the fictitious flow in the exterior of the test section are provided.

Mokry, Miroslav↗

Control system software, simulation, and robotic applications

All essential existing capabilities needed to create a man-machine interaction dynamics and performance (MMIDAP) capability are reviewed. The multibody system dynamics software program Order N DISCOS will be used for machine and musculo-skeletal dynamics modeling. The program JACK will be used for estimating and animating whole body human response to given loading situations and motion constraints. The basic elements of performance (BEP) task decomposition methodologies associated with the Human Performance Institute database will be used for performance assessment. Techniques for resolving the statically indeterminant muscular load sharing problem will be used for a detailed understanding of potential musculotendon or ligamentous fatigue, pain, discomfort, and trauma. The envisioned capacity is to be used for mechanical system design, human performance assessment, extrapolation of man/machine interaction test data, biomedical engineering, and soft prototyping within a concurrent engineering (CE) system.

Frisch, Harold P.↗

Quick-Fit Trailer Coupling For A Grader

Ripper attachment on grading tractor adapted to lift tongue of trailer tow bar hydraulically. Unnecessary for tractor operator to use jack or fork, lift to raise tongue. Enables tractor operator, acting alone, to hitch trailer to tractor, without expense and complication of dedicated hydraulic lifting mechanism for trailer hitch.

Soper, Terry A.↗

The effects of acid treatment and calcium ions on the solubility of concanavalin A

The effects of acid treatment (which removes Mn and Ca ions) and Ca(2+) ions on the solubility of jack-bean-meal concanavalin A were investigated using two techniques: the sitting drop technique and the microcolumn technique. It was found that the solubility of concanavalin A varied with the protein preparation procedures and with measurement techniques. Addition of Ca(2+) resulted in greatly lowered solubilities compared with the acid treated protein. The sitting drop solubilities for the recalcified protein agreed better with those reported by Mikol and Giege (1989) than with solubilities determined from column data.

Cacioppo, Elizabeth↗

Effect of species structure and dielectric constant on C-band forest backscatter

A joint experiment between Canadian and USA research teams was conducted early in Oct. 1992 to determine the effect of species structure and dielectric variations on forest backscatter. Two stands, one red pine and one jack pine, in the Petawawa National Forestry Institute (PNFI) were utilized for the experiment. Extensive tree architecture measurements had been taken by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) several months earlier by employing a Total Station surveying instrument which provides detailed information on branch structure. A second part of the experiment consisted of cutting down several trees and using dielectric probes to measure branch and needle permittivity values at both sites. The dielectric and the tree geometry data were used in the George Washington University (GWU) Vegetation Model to determine the C band backscattering coefficients of the individual stands for VV polarization. The model results show that backscatter at C band comes mainly from the needles and small branches and the upper portion of the trunks acts only as an attenuator. A discussion of variation of backscatter with specie structure and how dielectric variations in needles for both species may affect the total backscatter returns is provided.

Lang, R. H.↗