Analysis of a space photo of a humid and forested region - A case study of the Tennessee Valley Final report
Spaceborne photographic image interpretation to identify objects in humid and forested regions
Peplies, R. W.↗
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Apollo 14 lunar photography. Part 1: Data user's note
The availability of Apollo 14 pictorial data is announced to aid investigators in the selection of Apollo 14 photographs for study. Guidance in the interpretation of the photographs is provided. As background information, the note includes brief descriptions of the Apollo 14 mission objectives, photographic equipment, and photographic coverage and quality. The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) can provide the photographs described.
Anderson, A. T.↗
Multicolor photography of Jupiter.
Representative multicolor Jupiter photographs taken with wideband filters in 1965 and 1970 are discussed. Attention is given to the Red Spot and to the differences in methane absorption above the clouds. A table of observational data and white-and-black reproductions of representative photographs with interpretation are included.
Fountain, J. W.↗
An ad hoc map evaluation procedure
An ad hoc map evaluation procedure is proposed which is most suitable for evaluating low-resolution classification maps against high resolution ground truth maps, such as maps against interpreted aircraft photographs. Commonly practiced sampling and evaluation procedures are impracticable in this context because of difficulties in registration and in comparing the samples. This ad hoc procedure is designed to overcome these two major problems, and its practicability is discussed. Two widely accepted parameters are estimated by the new procedure; namely, the probability of correct classification and the proportion biases. Statistical qualifications are also provided.
Kan, E. P.↗
Applications of Landsat imagery to a coastal inlet stability study
Polcyn and Lyzenga (1975) and Middleton and Barber (1976) have demonstrated that it is possible to correlate the radiance values of a multispectral imagery, such as Landsat imagery, with the depth related information. The present study is one more example of such an effort. Two sets of Landsat magnetic tape were obtained and displayed on the screen of an Image-100 computer. Spectral analysis was performed to produce various signatures, their extent, and location. Subsequent ground truth observations and measurements were gathered by means of hydrographic surveys and low altitude aerial photographs for interpretation and calibration of the Landsat data. Finally, a coastal engineering assessment based on the Landsat data was made. Recommendations regarding the navigational canal alignment and dredging practice are presented in the light of inlet stability.
Wang, Y.-H.↗
Optical and digital pattern recognition; Proceedings of the Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Jan. 13-15, 1987
The papers presented in this volume provide an overview of current research in both optical and digital pattern recognition, with a theme of identifying overlapping research problems and methodologies. Topics discussed include image analysis and low-level vision, optical system design, object analysis and recognition, real-time hybrid architectures and algorithms, high-level image understanding, and optical matched filter design. Papers are presented on synthetic estimation filters for a control system; white-light correlator character recognition; optical AI architectures for intelligent sensors; interpreting aerial photographs by segmentation and search; and optical information processing using a new photopolymer.
Liu, Hua-Kuang↗
Communications of the lunar and planetary laboratory, volume 2, no. 36-39
Lunar radial and linear structures surrounding lunar mare basins - photographic and tectonic map interpretation
LUNAR MAP↗
Apollo 13 lunar photography
A data users' note announces the availability of Apollo 13 pictorial data and aids the investigator in the selection of Apollo 13 photographs for study. This note provides guidance in the interpretation of the photographs. The note includes brief descriptions of the Apollo 13 mission objectives, photographic equipment, and photographic coverage and quality. The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) can provide all forms of the photographs described.
Anderson, A. T.↗
Interpretation of ERTS-1 imagery aided by photographic enhancement
Agfacontour film can be used to produce relatively economical enhancements of density differences recorded on film. Image interpreters often ask whether enhancement really increases the information content of the original images. Examples of ERTS-1 imagery enhancements show that it is possible to separate density levels which are not discernible by the human eye. It is stressed that these techniques do not replace the photo interpreter, but rather they aid him in the interpretation process. Subtle density variations are made to stand out and on objective classification of the densities forming the image is produced.
Nielsen, U.↗
Apollo 11 lunar photography
A data user's note is presented which announces the availability of the complete set of Apollo 11 pictorial data and aids investigators in the selection of Apollo 11 photographs for study. In addition, this note provides guidance in the interpretation of the photographs. As background information, brief descriptions of the Apollo 11 mission objectives, photographic equipment, and photographic coverage and quality are included. The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) can provide all forms of photographs described in the section on format of available data.
Anderson, A. T.↗
Tradeoff between picture element dimensions and noncoherent averaging in side-looking airborne radar
An experiment was performed in which three synthetic-aperture images and one real-aperture image were successively degraded in spatial resolution, both retaining the same number of independent samples per pixel and using the spatial degradation to allow averaging of different numbers of independent samples within each pixel. The original and degraded images were provided to three interpreters familiar with both aerial photographs and radar images. The interpreters were asked to grade each image in terms of their ability to interpret various specified features on the image. The numerical interpretability grades were then used as a quantitative measure of the utility of the different kinds of image processing and different resolutions. The experiment demonstrated empirically that the interpretability is related exponentially to the SGL volume which is the product of azimuth, range, and gray-level resolution.
Moore, R. K.↗
Remote sensing data applied to the evaluation of soil erosion caused by land-use. Ribeirao Anhumas Basin Area: A case study
Formerly covered by a tropical forest, the study area was deforested in the early 40's for coffee plantation and cattle raising, which caused intense gully erosion problems. To develop a method to analyze the relationship between land use and soil erosion, visual interpretations of aerial photographs (scale 1:25.000), MSS-LANDSAT imagery (scale 1:250,000), as well as automatic interpretation of computer compatible tapes by IMAGE-100 system were carried out. From visual interpretation the following data were obtained: land use and cover tapes, slope classes, ravine frequency, and a texture sketch map. During field work, soil samples were collected for texture and X-ray analysis. The texture sketch map indicate that the areas with higher slope angles have a higher susceptibilty to the development of gullies. Also, the over carriage of pastureland, together with very friable lithologies (mainly sandstone) occuring in that area, seem to be the main factors influencing the catastrophic extension of ravines in the study site.
Dejesusparada, N.↗
Evaluation of EREP techniques for geological mapping
The author has identified the following significant results. Skylab photographs may be successfully utilized for preparing a reconnaissance geological map in the areas where no maps or semi-detailed maps exist. Large coverage of area and regional perspective from Skylab photographs can help better coordination in regional mapping. It is possible to delineate major structural trends and other features like mega-lineaments, geofractures, and faults, which have evaded their detection by conventional methods. The photointerpretability is better in areas dominated by sedimentary rocks. Rock units of smaller extent and having poor geomorphic expressions are difficult to map. Demarcation of quaternary river alluvium can be made with better precision and ease with the Skylab photographs. Stereoscopic viewing greatly helps in interpretation of area structures. Skylab photographs are not good for preparing geological maps larger than 1:270,000 scale.
Vandermeermohr, H. E. C.↗
Block and strip solutions involving Lunar Orbiter photographic data used to prepare contour charts for five Apollo landing sites
Selenological interpretation of Lunar Orbiter photographic data for Apollo landing site selection
Jones, R. L.↗
To catch a comet: Technical overview of CAN DO G-324
The primary photographing of aboard STS 61-E. INTRODUCTION objective of the C.E. Williams Middle School Get Away Special "CAN DO" is the Comet Halley. As it is currently scheduled, G-324 will fly in March of 1986 The project will involve middle school students, grades 6 through 8, in the study and interpretation of astronomical photographs and techniques. -The-objectives of these studies are detailed in another paper to be presented at this symposium. 6-324 is contained in a 5 cubic foot G.A.S. Canister with an opening door and pyrex window for photography. It will be pressurized with one atmosphere of dry nitrogen. Three 35mm still cameras with 250 exposure film backs and different focal length lenses will be fired by a combination of automatic timer and an active comet detector. A lightweight 35mm movie camera will shoot single exposures at about 4 minute intervals to give an overlapping "skymap" of the mission. The fifth camera is a solid state television camera specially constructed for detection of the comet by the microprocessor. In addition to the photographic goals of CAN DO, the canister also contains a separate package of middle school student designed passive experiments. These-projects will be described in detail in the accompanying paper on educational goals.
Thomas J. O'Brien↗
Ranger VII photographic parameters
Tables of computer generated photographic parameters necessary for detailed interpretation of Ranger VII television camera pictures - trajectory and time-to-impact data
RANGER VII LUNAR PROBE↗
Derivation of Delaware Bay tidal parameters from Space Shuttle photography
The tide-related parameters of the Delaware Bay are derived from Space Shuttle time-series photographs. The water areas in the bay are measured from interpretation maps of the photographs with a CALCOMP 9100 digitizer and ERDAS Image Processing System. The corresponding tidal levels are calculated using the exposure time annotated on the photographs. From these data, an approximate function relating the water area to the tidal level at a reference point is determined. Based on the function, the water areas of the Delaware Bay at mean high water (MHW) and mean low water (MLW), below 0 m, and for the tidal zone are inferred. With MHW and MLW areas and the mean tidal range, we calculate the tidal influx of the Delaware Bay, which is 2.76 x 10 exp 9 cu m. The velocity of flood tide at the bay mouth is determined using the tidal flux and an integral of the velocity distribution function at the cross section between Cape Henlopen and Cape May. The result is 132 cm/s, which compares well with the data on tidal current charts.
Zheng, Quanan↗
Correlation of ERTS-1 and aircraft optical data with water quality parameters of Charlotte Amalie Harbor, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
The author has identified the following significant results. Attempts to correlate optical aircraft remote sensing of water quality with the optical data from the ERTS-1 satellite using calibrated imagery of Charlotte Amalie harbor, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands are reported. The harbor at Charlotte Amalie has a concentration of a number of factors affecting water quality: untreated sewage, land runoff, and sediment from navigation and dredging operations. Calibration procedures have been originated and applied to ERTS-1 and I2S camera imagery. The results indicate that the ERTS-1 and I2S imagery are correlated with optical in situ measurements of the harbor water. The aircraft green photographic and ERTS-1 MSS-4 bands have been found most suitable for monitoring the scattered light levels under the conditions of the investigation. The chemical parameters of the harbor water were found to be correlated to the optical properties for two stations investigated in detail. The biological properties of the harbor water (chlorophyll and carotenoids), correlate inversely with the optical data near the pollution sources compared to further away. Calibration procedures developed in this investigation were essential to the interpretation of the photographic and ERTS-1 photometric responses.
Coulbourn, W. C.↗