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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7

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DOE OSTI2018

Evaluation of Factors that Influence Residential Solar Panel Installations

Though rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are the fastest growing source of distributed generation, detailed information about where they are located and who their owners are is often known only to installers and utility companies. This lack of detailed information is a barrier to policy and financial assessment of solar energy generation and use. To bridge the described data gap, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA) to create an automated approach for detecting and characterizing buildings with installed solar panels using high-resolution overhead imagery. Additionally, ORNL was tasked with using machine learning techniques to classify parcels on which solar panels were automatically detected in the Washington, DC, and Boston areas as commercial or residential, and then providing a list of recommended variables and modeling techniques that could be combined with these results to identify attributes that motivate the installation of residential solar panels. This technical report describes the methodology, results, and recommendations in greater detail, including lessons learned and future work.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2018

Report of the Peer Review Panel for the Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain Flow and Transport Model, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

The stated purpose of the peer review is to determine whether the model, results, interpretations, and documentation are consistent with the requirements of the FFACO Alternative Modeling Strategy and Decision Process for closure of the CAU. The Peer Review Panel was asked to explicitly answer six questions that provide an overview to its conclusions and recommendations. These six questions and the panel’s responses are presented in the next section of this review report. The Peer Review Panel was asked to present and summarize its primary findings by answering six key peer review questions. These questions are as follows: 1.Is the implementation of the AMS technically and regulatorily sound and defensible? 2.Have conceptual models and/or alternatives for groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in the RM/SM system, permissible based upon available data and observations, been identified to support analyses of radionuclide migration away from the testing areas toward potential receptors? 3.Based on available data that include “maximum transport” and “minimum transport,” do the forecasts represent a range of plausible scenarios and address assumptions for parameters that are most sensitive for saturated zone flow and transport? 4.Can radionuclide transport forecasts be used as an aid in evaluating potential exposure pathways, as intended by the AMS? 5.Has the extent of contamination been bounded such that a regulatory decision can be made regarding CAU closure that is protective of human health and the environment? 6.Has anything that influences the protection of human health and the environment been missed?

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2017

UFD Expert Panel on Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Interim Storage Containers for Spent Nuclear Fuel

This report summarizes the outcome of an expert panel review of a key degradation phenomenon identified for atmospherically exposed austenitic stainless steel containers used for the interim dry storage of used nuclear fuel - specifically, chloride induced stress corrosion cracking due to the presence of atmospherically deposited salts. The expert panel consisted of Dr. Peter Andresen (GE Corp Research & Development), Dr. Robert G. Kelly (University of Virginia), Dr. John R. Scully (University of Virginia), and Dr. Alan Turnbull (National Physical Laboratory) and was moderated by Dr. David G. Enos (Sandia National Laboratories). In addition to the above subject matter experts, participants from Sandia National Laboratories, Savannah River National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the Southwest Research Institute will be present. Input from the panel members for a series of preliminary questions dealing with the subject area, along with the meeting minutes, presentation materials, and final recommendations are included here.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Final Review Memo from ATDM L2 Milestone Review Panel to ATDM L2 Milestone Team and Associated Management

On Thursday, August 25, 2016, the ATDM L2 milestone review panel met with the milestone team to conduct a final assessment of the completeness and quality of the work performed. First and foremost, the panel would like to congratulate and commend the milestone team for a job well done. The team completed a significant body of high-quality work toward very ambitious goals. Additionally, their persistence in working through the technical challenges associated with evolving technology, the nontechnical challenges associated with integrating across multiple software development teams, and the many demands on their time speaks volumes about their commitment to delivering the best work possible to advance the ATDM program. The panel’s comments on the individual completion criteria appear in the last section of this memo.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2019

Understanding, Predicting, and Mitigating Catastrophic Shorts for Improved OLED Lighting Panel Reliability (Final Report)

Catastrophic OLED lighting panel failure due to electrical shorting was a significant reliability challenge facing the industry. The goal of this program was to develop a basic scientific understanding of how incipient shorts in an OLED originate and grow to a catastrophic level, and to develop mitigation strategies that enable the industry to reach the DOE target of 0.01% failure rate. We accomplished this goal, identifying the origin of shorts, understanding how the evolve over time, and ultimately identifying a mitigation strategy that was implemented by our industry partner and demonstrated to completely eliminate catastrophic shorts in production OLED panels. We identified two general classes of panel defect, termed bright spots and hot spots, that respectively originate from indium-tin-oxide agglomerations and microscale organic semiconductor dust particles on the substrate. The former are largely benign whereas the latter can lead to local shunts that grow over time and cause catastrophic failure. We understand the growth process as a self-reinforcing cycle, where shunt-induced heating volatilizes the surrounding organic semiconductor, which in turn expands the shunt and leads to even more heating. Based on these results, we identified several practical strategies to arrest the growth of early-stage shorts or prevent them entirely. These results will reduce the cost and improve the reliability of OLED lighting.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Performance Assessment of Photovoltaic Panels Using Impedance Spectroscopy

The goal of this project was to develop a technique for measuring internal characteristics of a PV module using light modulation under a fixed voltage bias while measuring the resulting alternating current. This technique, light-intensity modulated impedance spectroscopy (LIMIS), has the promise of detecting early signs of panel aging and degradation that could be used for example by solar farm operators to have early warnings to repair or replace panels to maintain reliability of the overall PV array. LIMIS would be complementary with the previously developed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which uses an alternating voltage applied electrically to a solar cell with a similar alternating current measurement. EIS has mostly been developed for individual PV cells rather than whole modules. The project was intended to assess what different information could be revealed by LIMIS, which may in some cases be more scalable to larger modules and potentially more practical to apply in field measurements without needing to electrically disconnect PV modules. We began with small 10 W PV modules and built a testbed capable of oscillating the light intensity with frequencies up to 50 kHz. In parallel, we built a large testbed for testing large 250 W PV modules. Meanwhile, we developed procedures for established measurement techniques: current–voltage (I–V), EIS, and electroluminescence (EL) imaging, where panels are subjected to forward bias while their infrared emission is recorded using a camera modified to be sensitive to IR wavelengths. In addition, we developed protocols for accelerated aging of PV modules in two ways. Thermal cycling from –40°C to +90°C simulates the diurnal temperature cycles on a rooftop. Mechanical stress by dropping a 227 g ball from a height of 1 m simulates damage such as that due to hail impacts.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) for Panelized Envelope Retrofits: Feasible Workspace Analysis

Recent decades have seen remarkable progress in the field of robotic-assisted construction. Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) emerge as promising tools for automating construction processes, due to their advantageous features such as scalability, reconfigurability, compact design, and high payload-to-weight ratio. This paper uses a simple static model to determine the feasibility of a CDPR for overclad panel installation in building envelope retrofits. Given that the building facade needs to be a subset of the CDPRs wrench-feasible workspace, we focus on the sensitivity of the workspace concerning various cable arrangements and CDPR frame sizes (e.g., height and width extensions). Our analysis indicates that no cable arrangement satisfies the requirement of complete facade coverage and avoids cable-to-panel collisions. Thus, frame extension is needed to enhance coverage. However, in densely populated areas where width extension is limited by space constraints, height extension alone is insufficient to guarantee full facade coverage. This paper pioneers the investigation of CDPRs for panelized envelope retrofits, showcasing their advantages and limitations and paving the way for further research and development.

Liu, Yifang↗

DOE OSTI2018

Wind turbine rotor blades with load-transferring exterior panels

Rotor blades for a wind turbines include a structural support member disposed internal the rotor blade that extends for at least a portion of a rotor blade span length and an airfoil structure supported by the structural support member, the airfoil structure comprising a shell portion and at least one load-transferring exterior panel. The shell portion and the at least one load-transferring exterior panel combine to form an aerodynamic profile comprising a leading edge opposite a trailing edge and a pressure side opposite a suction side. Moreover, the shell portion and the at least one load-transferring exterior panel are independently connected to the structural support member.

Caruso, Christopher Daniel↗

DOE OSTI2017

Use of flat panel microchannel photomultipliers in sampling calorimeters with timing

Large-area, flat-panel photo-detectors with sub-nanosecond time resolution based on microchannel plates are provided. The large-area, flat-panel photo-detectors enable the economic construction of sampling calorimeters with, for example, enhanced capability to measure local energy deposition, depth-of-interaction, time-of-flight, and/or directionality of showers. In certain embodiments, sub-nanosecond timing resolution supplies correlated position and time measurements over large areas. The use of thin flat-panel viewing radiators on both sides of a radiation-creating medium allows simultaneous measurement of Cherenkov and scintillation radiation in each layer of the calorimeter. The detectors may be used in a variety of applications including, for example, medical imaging, security, and particle and nuclear physics.

Frisch, Henry↗

DOE OSTI2020

Turbine nozzle cooling with panel fuel injector

The present disclosure is directed to a combustion system including a panel fuel injector. The panel fuel injector includes a first side wall, a second side wall, and an aft wall. The first side wall and the second side wall are interconnected by the aft wall. The panel fuel injector further includes a cooling air plenum that is defined between the first side wall and the second side wall. The aft wall defines a plurality of cooling holes in fluid communication with the cooling air plenum. One or more of the cooling holes of the plurality of cooling holes is oriented towards at least one of a leading edge, a pressure side wall, or a suction side wall of a stationary nozzle disposed proximate to the aft end wall.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Combustion system with panel fuel injector

The present disclosure is directed to an annular combustion system. The annular combustion system includes an inner liner and an outer liner that define therebetween an annulus that circumscribes a centerline of the combustion system. The annulus includes a plurality of primary combustion zones defined at an upstream end thereof and further defines a plurality of secondary combustion zones downstream of the primary combustion zones. The annular combustion system further includes a plurality of fuel nozzles where at least one fuel nozzle discharges a combustible mixture into a respective primary combustion zone of the plurality of primary combustion zones. A plurality of panel fuel injectors is disposed between adjacent fuel nozzles. The plurality of panel fuel injectors extends in an axially downstream direction so as to separate adjacent primary combustion zones. Each panel fuel injector discharges a combustible mixture into at least one secondary combustion zone.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Circularity Assessment for Silicon Solar Panels Based on Dynamic Material Flow Analysis

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are the fastest growing renewable energy technology for clean, inexpensive, and sustainable electricity generation. Along with numerous technical roadmaps to improve system cost, performance and reliability, the PV industry should also plan to handle large volumes of silicon panel waste, which is initially estimated to be ~13 million metric tons (MT) by 2050 in the U.S. alone. Understanding the magnitude of material needs and how material flows throughout the PV panel life cycle could respond to design, operational and different end-of-life (EOL) circular pathways will help transition into a circular, resource-conserving economy. Herein, we introduce a dynamic material flow analysis (DMFA) framework based on electricity generation to quantify time-series stocks and flows of bulk PV materials (e.g., solar glass and aluminum frames) throughout the life cycles of utility-scale silicon PV systems in the U.S. in the period 2000-2100. We apply the model to a range of scenarios to understand how material demands depend on selected PV-related parameters, different material circularity strategies, and recent module design trends (e.g., bifacial, frameless). We found that float glass and aluminum in PV installations would likely reach 100 million MT and 12 million MT by 2100, respectively, in the baseline scenario. The most influential parameters for PV installation and subsequent waste reduction are found to be module lifetime, module efficiency, annual degradation, and material reduction. Module recycling and component remanufacturing were found to be the most effective material circularity strategies for waste minimization. Panel reuse has negligible savings on waste under current module efficiencies compared to replacements with newer generations with higher efficiency. Ongoing trends to produce larger power frameless modules could save 10 million MT of glass and ~9 million MT of aluminum. Our results enable advanced planning for future materials needs and provide insight into potential opportunities to minimize waste.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Circularity Assessment for Silicon Solar Panels Based on Dynamic Material Flow Analysis: Preprint

circular economy↗

DOE OSTI2023

Impingement panel support structure and method of manufacture

An integrated combustor nozzle includes a combustion liner that extends between an inner liner segment and an outer liner segment along a radial direction. The combustion liner including a forward end portion, an aft end portion, a first side wall, and a second side wall. An impingement panel having an impingement plate disposed along an exterior surface of one of the inner liner segment or the outer liner segment. The impingement plate defines a plurality of impingement apertures that direct coolant in discrete jets towards the exterior surface of the inner liner segment or the outer liner segment. The impingement panel includes an inlet portion that extends from the impingement plate to a collection duct. The impingement panel further includes a plurality of supports spaced apart from one another. The plurality of supports extend between, and are coupled to, the inlet portion, the collection duct, and the impingement plate.

Berry, Jonathan Dwight↗

DOE OSTI2019

Panel Session 14: US DOE WIPP - Future Plans for the Utilization of a National Asset

This panel focused on the next phase of restoring the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP: located in Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA) to full disposal operations. The US DOE Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO) is funded for two Capital Asset Projects that will facilitate the restoration of WIPP to full capability and allow for future repository space planning. The panel will include updates on the capital projects, infrastructure improvements to extend WIPP's operational life, regulatory actions in support of capital projects, and improvements in new processes to implement WAC and DSA enhancements. This panel is filled by CBFO and WIPP contractor leaders to provide the big picture leading to WIPP's future. Presentations proposed include: 1 - 2018 WIPP Year in Review (Bruce Covert, Nuclear Waste Partnership, LLC (USA)); 2 - TRU Waste Shipments and WIPP Operations (Mark Pearcy, Nuclear Waste Partnership, LLC (USA)); 3 - Projects and Activities at WIPP (Ronald Gill, US DOE (USA)); 4 - The Future of WIPP (J.R. Stroble, US DOE (USA), Todd Shrader, US DOE (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

Panel Session 56: Nuclear Power Plant Waste Management - US LLW Disposal Issues

This panel focused on specific disposal site issues with the disposal site operators. Representatives from each of the operating commercial disposal sites presented an update of their facility, license, and waste acceptance criteria (WAC) followed by a panel discussion in response to audience questions. WM attendees that ship their radioactive waste to one or more of these commercial disposal sites attended this panel session. Presentations proposed include: 1 - US Nuclear Power Plant Waste Management - US LLW Disposal Issues (Joe Weismann, US Ecology (USA)); 2 - Waste Control Specialists Update 2019 (Dan Burns, Waste Control Specialists LLC (USA)); 3 - Barnwell LLRW Disposal Facility (Mark Lewis, EnergySolutions (USA), Benjamin Smith, Chem Nuclear Systems (USA)); 4 - EnergySolutions Clive Treatment and Disposal Facility Update (Bret Rogers, EnergySolutions (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

Panel Session 75: US NRC - Current and Emerging US NRC Regulatory Topics

The panel addressed several current and emerging NRC regulatory issues impacting the radioactive waste arena. The panelists provided different perspectives on several key issues such as the revision of 10 CFR Part 61, scoping study on very low-level waste and consolidated interim storage of spent nuclear fuel among other timely regulatory topics. Co-Chairs, John Tappert and Larry Camper, introduced the session panel members and provided a summary of the purpose of the session. The panel focused on several current and emerging US NRC regulatory issues impacting the radioactive waste arena and stakeholders. The panelists provided different perspectives on several key regulatory issues such as: the revision of 10CFR Part 61, the Greater-than-Class C (GTCC) and Transuranic (TRU) waste disposal, coping with studies on very low-level waste and waste classification system, as well as other timely regulatory topics. Presentations proposed include: 1 - Overview of NRC Low-Level Radioactive Waste Activities and Initiatives (Christepher McKenney, US NRC (USA)); 2 - Is the Grass Really Greener? Canadian Regulatory Perspective (Karine Glenn, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (Canada)); 3 - EPRI Perspectives on 10CFR61 Revision (Lisa Edwards, EPRI (USA)); 4 - State of Nuclear Industry and Radwaste Management (Janet Schlueter, Nuclear Energy Institute (USA)); 5 - Concrete Steps the U.S. NRC Can Take to Improve LLW Disposal (Tom Magette, Talisman International (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

Panel Session 81: Engaging on Safety at the Work Face - Workers, Front Line Managers, and Subcontractors

This panel focuses on engaging on safety at the work face, with the people who are there every day. This panel will discuss management approaches deployed to directly engage internal and subcontracted workers that have delivered measurable improvements in safety performance and culture. The panelists will share what they did that worked and their perspectives on why. About 24 to 30 people were in attendance. All statements below are paraphrased by the panel reporter and should not be considered direct quotes by the panelists. Presentations proposed include: 1 - Engaging on Safety at the Work Face: Workers, Front Line Managers, and Subcontractors (Jan Preston, Fluor Corporation (USA)); 2 - Responsibility for Safety: Workers and Line Management Joining Together to Improve Performance (Cynthia Williams, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Canada)); 3 - Worker Involvement: Trust and the Processing of the Remediated Nitrate Salts (David Funk, Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA)); 4 - Safety Culture: How Employee Engagement is Transforming the Paducah Site (Myrna Espinosa Redfield, Four Rivers Nuclear Partnership (USA)); 5 - Hazard Identification and Control: Subcontractor Performance, Oversight, and Continuous Improvement (Clint Wolfley, URS/CH2M Oak Ridge - UCOR (USA)); 6 - Managing Safety Performance Through Change (Alice Doswell, Fluor (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗