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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9Mn2Co5O16 by Materials Project

Li9Mn2Co5O16 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.19 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are two shorter (2.11 Å) and four longer (2.22 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–9°. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and four longer (2.18 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.24 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–9°. There are four shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.16 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–5°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Co+2.80+ sites. In the first Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–10°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.11 Å. In the second Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are four shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.08 Å) Co–O bond lengths. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi4Co2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Co2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two equivalent Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3MnCo2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2VNiO4 by Materials Project

Li2VNiO4 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two NiO6 octahedra, corners with four VO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, edges with four NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.22 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra, corners with three NiO6 octahedra, edges with three VO6 octahedra, edges with three NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–11°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.24 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with four NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with four VO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.19 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two NiO6 octahedra, corners with four VO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, edges with four NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.23 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with four NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with four VO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.20 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra, corners with three NiO6 octahedra, edges with three VO6 octahedra, edges with three NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–11°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.24 Å. There are three inequivalent V4+ sites. In the first V4+ site, V4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with four NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.04 Å. In the second V4+ site, V4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with four NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.04 Å. In the third V4+ site, V4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with four NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.02 Å. There are three inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, edges with four VO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–11°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.12 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, edges with four VO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–11°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.12 Å. In the third Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, edges with four VO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–10°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.10 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form OLi3VNi2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3VNi2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form OLi3V2Ni octahedra that share corners with six OLi3VNi2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form OLi3VNi2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3VNi2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form OLi3V2Ni octahedra that share corners with six OLi3VNi2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form OLi3VNi2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3VNi2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3VNi2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form OLi3VNi2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3V2Ni octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3VNi2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V4+, and two Ni2+ atoms to form OLi3VNi2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3V2Ni octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3VNi2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two V4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3V2Ni octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9Mn2Co5O16 by Materials Project

Li9Mn2Co5O16 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–10°. There are four shorter (2.15 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.23 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.15 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.24 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–9°. There are four shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.16 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–6°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Co+2.80+ sites. In the first Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–10°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.11 Å. In the second Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are four shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Co–O bond lengths. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi4Co2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Co2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two equivalent Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3MnCo2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Co2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Co2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Bi by Materials Project

Bi is beta Polonium-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Bi sites. In the first Bi site, Bi is bonded to six equivalent Bi atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing BiBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–21°. There are a spread of Bi–Bi bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.50 Å. In the second Bi site, Bi is bonded to six equivalent Bi atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing BiBi6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–21°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3MnCoNiO6 by Materials Project

Li3MnCoNiO6 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.22 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.22 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.21 Å. Mn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–4°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–1.96 Å. Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.05 Å. Ni4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 8°. There are four shorter (2.08 Å) and two longer (2.10 Å) Ni–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn2+, one Co3+, and one Ni4+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCoNi octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–5°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn2+, one Co3+, and one Ni4+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCoNi octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–5°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn2+, one Co3+, and one Ni4+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCoNi octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li5Mn2CoO8 by Materials Project

Li5Mn2CoO8 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are two shorter (2.13 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–9°. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are four shorter (2.05 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are four shorter (2.06 Å) and two longer (2.08 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.99 Å. Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–7°. There is two shorter (1.94 Å) and four longer (1.95 Å) Co–O bond length. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Mn+4.50+ atoms to form OLi4Mn2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two equivalent Mn+4.50+, and one Co2+ atom to form OLi3Mn2Co octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9Mn2Co5O16 by Materials Project

Li9Mn2Co5O16 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.23 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with five CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.17 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.15 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.22 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.09 Å. Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–9°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.00 Å. There are three inequivalent Co+2.80+ sites. In the first Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.08 Å. In the second Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.07 Å. In the third Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.96 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Mn+4.50+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi4MnCo octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi4MnCo octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two equivalent Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Mn2CoO6 by Materials Project

Li3Mn2CoO6 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.23 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and four longer (2.18 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Mn+2.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.07 Å. Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–9°. There are two shorter (2.11 Å) and four longer (2.12 Å) Co–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two equivalent Mn+2.50+, and one Co4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three equivalent Mn+2.50+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and two equivalent Co4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9Mn2Co5O16 by Materials Project

Li9Mn2Co5O16 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.27 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.19 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.23 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.23 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.23 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with five CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.24 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.22 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.18 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.13 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+4.50+ sites. In the first Mn+4.50+ site, Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.01 Å. In the second Mn+4.50+ site, Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.02 Å. There are five inequivalent Co+2.80+ sites. In the first Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–9°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.14 Å. In the second Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.06 Å. In the third Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with five CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–7°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.07 Å. In the fourth Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.08 Å. In the fifth Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, edges with three MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.99 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3MnCo2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–5°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4MnCo octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–8°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4MnCo octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi4MnCo octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3MnCo2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4MnCo octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and two Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3MnCoO5 by Materials Project

Li3MnCoO5 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with five equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–12°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.30 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.09 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.22 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are four shorter (2.05 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Mn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–12°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.13 Å. Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.13 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two equivalent Mn3+, and one Co4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–11°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Mn3+ atom to form OLi5Mn octahedra that share corners with six OLi5Mn octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three equivalent Co4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+, one Mn3+, and two equivalent Co4+ atoms to form OLi3MnCo2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi5Mn octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Mn3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–11°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Mn3CoO8 by Materials Project

Li4Mn3CoO8 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four MnO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, edges with five MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.22 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with five MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.21 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+2.67+ sites. In the first Mn+2.67+ site, Mn+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.14 Å. In the second Mn+2.67+ site, Mn+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are two shorter (1.93 Å) and four longer (2.11 Å) Mn–O bond lengths. Co4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are two shorter (1.93 Å) and four longer (2.09 Å) Co–O bond lengths. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+, two equivalent Mn+2.67+, and one Co4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Mn+2.67+, and two equivalent Co4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3MnCo2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+ and three Mn+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Mn+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Mn3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SiCCl3 by Materials Project

SiCCl3 is beta Polonium structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two SiCCl3 clusters. there are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded to one C and three Cl atoms to form corner-sharing SiCCl3 tetrahedra. The Si–C bond length is 1.89 Å. All Si–Cl bond lengths are 2.04 Å. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to one C and three Cl atoms. The Si–C bond length is 1.90 Å. All Si–Cl bond lengths are 2.04 Å. There are three inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Si and one C atom. The C–C bond length is 1.31 Å. In the second C site, C is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Si and two C atoms. There is one shorter (1.33 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) C–C bond length. In the third C site, C is bonded in a linear geometry to two C atoms. There are five inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si atom. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si atom. In the fourth Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si atom. In the fifth Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Si atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9Mn2Co5O16 by Materials Project

Li9Mn2Co5O16 is beta Polonium-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.14 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with five CoO6 octahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.24 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.27 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.15 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.20 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.22 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with five CoO6 octahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, edges with three CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.21 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with four CoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.21 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.11 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+4.50+ sites. In the first Mn+4.50+ site, Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–7°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.98 Å. In the second Mn+4.50+ site, Mn+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–10°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.04 Å. There are five inequivalent Co+2.80+ sites. In the first Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.08 Å. In the second Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–9°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.01 Å. In the third Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.08 Å. In the fourth Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.15 Å. In the fifth Co+2.80+ site, Co+2.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.08 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two Mn+4.50+ atoms to form OLi4Mn2 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Mn2Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–9°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Mn2Co octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi3Mn2Co octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Mn2Co octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–4°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Mn2Co octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Mn2Co octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, two Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi3Mn2Co octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Mn+4.50+, and one Co+2.80+ atom to form OLi4MnCo octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–6°. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Co+2.80+ atoms to form OLi3Co3 octahedra that share corners with six OLi3Co3 octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two Mn+4.50+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–9°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantifying the Impact of Excluding the Submersion Exposure Route for Existing Superfund Radionuclide Screening Level Calculator Soil and Tap Water Models

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides initial data screening guidelines for radionuclide-contaminated Superfund sites using preliminary remediation goals (PRGs) and dose compliance concentrations (DCCs). PRGs and DCCs are target concentration values based on acceptable excess lifetime cancer risk and annual dose limits, respectively. They are calculated for various environmental media that may be encountered by residential and worker land uses. PRGs and DCCs typically consist of multiple exposure routes. One of these routes is submersion, which is exposure to a gaseous or particulate radionuclide that is suspended in air. Currently, submersion is only included in air calculations. This study focused on determining whether factoring submersion into total PRG/DCC calculations for soil and tap water created a significant difference in the target concentrations. New equations for individual submersion PRGs/DCCs for each land use of interest for soil and tap water were developed. A wind-driven particulate emission factor and Andelman’s constant were used to model the amount of soil and vapor in the air from soil and household use of tap water, respectively. The submersion PRG/DCC was then included in the total PRG/DCC for each radionuclide, followed by a percent difference comparison of the old and new totals to quantify the impact of the change. For total soil PRGs/DCCs, with and without submersion, the difference was less than 1 percent; however, many of the tap water radionuclides analyzed – including multiple radon and polonium isotopes – showed as high as a 200 percent difference.This technical memorandum (TM) presents recommendations for updates to current EPA guidelines for initial data screens of radionuclide contaminated tap water.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Million Worker Study

Radiation health issues have been an important aspect of DOE's Worker Safety and Health programs. The goal is to ensure that workers are adequately protected from the various radiological hazards associated with DOE sites and operations. Since the early 1940’s DOE has supported the conduct of epidemiologic studies of practically every DOE (AEC) facility and collected these data, now managed by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), in remarkable detail. In the early 2000s, the Office of Health, Safety and Security authorized access to specific DOE worker datasets. Shortly thereafter, the DOE Office of Science provided funds for a pilot study that confirmed the feasibility of the Million Worker Study (MWS), and then additional resources were provided (with other agencies) to extend the follow-up of many populations, not just DOE workers, but also atomic veterans, industrial radiographers, nuclear power plant workers and medical radiation workers (the Million Persons Study (MPS)). This proposal was a continuation of support provided by DOE, specifically to extend the follow-up of the worker populations at the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works (MCW) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The work addresses DOE’s interest in clarifying the health risks of their workers as well as contributing knowledge on radiation risks that is relevant today with regard to compensation schemes. The findings are also important for the US public in light of the increased population exposure to medical imaging, environmental circumstances such as hydraulic fracturing, increased exposures during high altitude flights, and with regard to nuclear accidents such as Fukushima and possible terrorist events. Furthermore, it is important to consider reducing the uncertainty in current risk estimates by developing risk coefficients based on healthy American workers who are more representative of U.S. workers and the general public than 1945 Japanese survivors of the atomic bombs living in a war-torn country which experienced deprivation, malnourishment, and increased rates of infections and other diseases. But more importantly, it is important to learn whether radiation exposures received gradually over time (e.g., years) are more or less effective in causing health effects, cancer in particular, than if the radiation dose is received all at once in a fraction of a second as experienced by the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Finally, the ability to evaluate and combine large populations with intakes of radionuclides such as uranium, radium, plutonium, americium and polonium will provide new quantitative knowledge on human health effects that hitherto has not been possible. This cost-efficient study has built on the investments made and foundations laid by investigators and government agencies, including DOE, over the past 30-40 years, which have established early worker cohorts that can now provide answers to questions on the lifetime human health risks associated with low-level radiation exposures. Collaborating institutions included: International Epidemiology Institute, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Landauer, Inc., and Vanderbilt University. Follow-up of these two populations and the integration of them with the many other cohorts (now a total of 31) in the MPS continues under a separate DOE grant (DE-AU0000046).

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Liquid semiconductor-halogen based electronics

According to one embodiment, a device includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced from the first electrode, a well extending between the first electrode and the second electrode, one or more chalcogens in the well, and at least one halogen mixed with the one or more chalcogens in the well. In addition, the chalcogens are selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium.

Voss, Lars↗
DOE OSTI2022

Activation of lead coolant in Westinghouse lead fast reactor

The Westinghouse Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) is a medium-sized, passively safe, scalable reactor being developed by Westinghouse in collaboration with domestic and international organizations with the primary goals of reducing front-end capital cost and generating flexible and cost-competitive electricity while satisfying the highest standards in terms of safety and sustainability. An important aspect of new plant design is an assessment of activation level of its components so that an appropriate nuclear waste management plan can be established. As lead coolant is a distinguishing design feature of the LFR, its activation due to irradiation and the implications on establishing an appropriate waste disposal approach are important for engagement of project stakeholders, customers and nuclear safety regulators. This paper provides a brief description of the Westinghouse LFR design, a background on lead activation phenomenology, and then describes the methodology used for lead activation analysis performed with the computer code Serpent 2. It was determined that impurities naturally occurring in lead have the biggest contribution to lead activation. Corrosion and erosion products from the components immersed in lead can also be important contributors to lead activity and their impact can be limited by appropriate selection of materials and operating conditions. Polonium isotopes, resulting from bismuth generated from lead irradiation and its impurities, bring a notable contribution to the inhalation and ingestion doses during the plant operation and in the first years after the plant shutdown. However, it is not by far as important as for lead-bismuth coolant.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI1969

Application of Nuclear Technology to Art Identification Problems: First Annual Report

Throughout the centuries, as man has become increasingly affluent, his interest in antiquities and objects of art, and the price he has been willing to pay for them, has increased. Inevitably, one result has been to attract the unscrupulous to the production and sale of counterfeit paintings, sculptures, and other works of art. The skill of forgers varies but often is highly sophisticated. However, dealers, museum curators, and other experts have also become more skillful in the detection of forgeries. Scientific tools of increasing sensitivity and sophistication have gradually been applied to the examination of the materials of art and archaeology. Such tools frequently support and render more reliable the judgment of the experts. The quality of forgeries may improve further as their makers become acquainted with the new methods of detection and in turn learn to circumvent or confound the methods. Therefore, the development of still more advanced methods of examination has great utility in the art world. This is particularly true if the ultimate effect is to make circumvention of the methods of examination so costly that the economic incentives for producing forgeries may be substantially reduced, if not eliminated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗