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At least 127 records · Page 7

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NASA NTRS1971

Ion and laser microprobes applied to the measurement of corrosion-produced hydrogen on a microscopic scale

An ion microprobe and a laser microprobe were used to measure concentrations of corrosion-produced hydrogen on a microscopic scale. Hydrogen concentrations of several thousand ppm were measured by both analytical techniques below the fracture surfaces of hot-salt stress-corroded titanium alloy specimens. This segregation of hydrogen below fracture surfaces supports a previously proposed theory that corrosion-produced hydrogen is responsible for hot-salt stress-corrosion embrittlement and cracking of titanium alloys. These advanced analytical techniques suggest great potential for many areas of stress-corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement research, quality control, and field inspection applications.

Gray, H. R.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Radiation carcinogenesis and acute radiation mortality in the rat as produced by 2.2 GeV protons

Biological studies, proton carcinogenesis, the interaction of protons and gamma-rays on carcinogenesis, proton-induced acute mortality, and chemical protection against proton-induced acute mortality were studied in the rat and these proton-produced responses were compared to similar responses produced by gamma-rays or X-rays. Litter-mate mice were assigned to each experimental and control group so that approximately equal numbers of litter mates were placed in each group. Animals to be studied for mammary neoplasia were handled for 365 days post-exposure when all animals alive were killed. All animals were examined frequently for mammary tumors and as these were found, they were removed, sectioned and given a pathologic classification.

Shellabarger, C. J.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Ion and laser microprobes applied to the measurement of corrosion produced hydrogen on a microscopic scale.

Use of an ion microprobe and a laser microprobe to measure concentrations of corrosion-produced hydrogen on a microscopic scale. Hydrogen concentrations of several thousand ppm were measured by both analytical techniques below corroded and fracture surfaces of hot salt stress corroded titanium alloy specimens. This extremely high concentration compares with only about 100 ppm hydrogen determined by standard vacuum fusion chemical analyses of bulk samples. Both the ion and laser microprobes were used to measure hydrogen concentration profiles in stepped intervals to substantial depths below the original corroded and fracture surfaces. For the ion microprobe, the area of local analysis was 22 microns in diameter and for the laser microprobe, the area of local analysis was about 300 microns in diameter. The segregation of hydrogen below fracture surfaces supports a previously proposed theory that corrosion-produced hydrogen is responsible for hot salt stress corrosion embrittlement and cracking of titanium alloys. These advanced analytical techniques suggest great potential for many areas of stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement research, quality control, and field inspection of corrosion problems. For example, it appears possible that a contour map of hydrogen distribution at notch roots and crack tips could be quantitatively determined. Such information would be useful in substantiating current theories of stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.

Gray, H. R.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Analysis of noise produced by an orderly structure of turbulent jets

The orderly structure which has been observed recently by numerous researchers within the transition region of subsonic turbulent jets is analyzed to reveal its noise-producing potential. For a circular jet, this structure is molded as a train of toroidal vortex rings which are formed near the jet exit and propagate downstream. The noise produced by the model is evaluated from a reformulation of Lighthill's expression for the far-field acoustic density, which emphasizes the importance of the vorticity within the turbulent flow field. It is shown that the noise production occurs mainly close to the jet exit and depends primarily upon temporal changes in the toroidal radii. The analysis suggests that the process of formation of this regular structure may also be an important contribution of the high-frequency jet noise. These results may be helpful in the understanding of jet-noise generation and in new approaches to jet-noise suppression.

Hardin, J. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Feasibility of producing cast-refractory metal-fiber superalloy composites

A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of direct casting as a practical method for producing cast superalloy tungsten or columbium alloy fiber composites while retaining a high percentage of fiber strength. Fourteen nickel base, four cobalt, and three iron based matrices were surveyed for their degree of reaction with the metal fibers. Some stress-rupture results were obtained at temperatures of 760, 816, 871, and 1093 C for a few composite systems. The feasibility of producing acceptable composites of some cast nickel, cobalt, and iron matrix alloys with tungsten or columbium alloy fibers was demonstrated.

Mcintyre, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Dispersion strengthened nickel-yttria sheet alloy produced from comminuted powders

An investigation was conducted to determine whether a nickel matrix with yttria as a dispersoid could be produced by a comminution and blending (wet attrition-NASCAB) approach. Concentration of yttria, powder cleaning temperature, screening (sieving) of the powders, and amount of thermomechanical working were major variables. Tensile strength and stress-rupture life at 1093 C were determined. A product containing 4v/o Y2O3, cleaned at 315 or 371 C with screening exhibited 1093 C tensile strength equivalent to NASCAB Ni-4ThO2 and to commercially produced thoriated nickel sheet.

Sikora, P. F.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Measurement of Debye length in laser-produced plasma.

The Debye length of an expanded plasma created by placing an evacuated chamber with an entrance slit in the path of a freely expanding laser produced plasma was measured, using the slab geometry. An independent measurement of electron density together with the observed value for the Debye length also provided a means for evaluating the plasma electron temperature. This temperature has applications in ascertaining plasma conductivity and magnetic field necessary for confinement of the laser produced plasma. Also, the temperature obtained would be useful in analyzing electron-ion recombination rates in the expanded plasma and the dynamics of the cooling process of the plasma expansion.

Ehler, W.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Development of a process for producing ribbon shaped boron filaments

A ribbon-shaped boron filament with a tensile strength of 138 KN/sq cm (200 ksi) was investigated. The investigation was carried out using both carbon and tungsten as substrate materials. No satisfactory results were obtained utilizing uncoated, copper-plated or silicon carbide coated tungsten ribbon substrates. Carbon ribbon substrates were prepared by pyrolysis of stretched polyimide tape. A severe deposition gradient occurred in all dc reactor experiments due to convective cooling at the edge of the substrate that resulted in a weak, nonuniform filament. RF heating, however, completely eliminated this gradient problem and a 90 cm (35.5 in.) long boron ribbon was produced at .85 cm/sec (100 ft/hr) using a frequency of 40.68 megahertz. This boron ribbon, however, exhibited a light-bulb effect during deposition to 59 KN/sq cm (85.7 ksi) were obtained from this ribbon. Several silicon carbide ribbon shaped filaments were also produced during this investigation by decomposition of CH3SiHCl2 onto carbon substrates. Contrary to the boron work, silicon carbide ribbon was readily prepared in dc static reactors. A very uniform and smooth deposition was obtained with strengths up to 71.1 KN/sq cm (103.5 ksi).

Basche, M.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Secondary electron background produced by heavy nuclei in a multiwire proportional counter hodoscope

The secondary electron background produced by heavy nuclei in a multiwire proportional counter hodoscope is calculated using both a simplified and a more complete Monte Carlo model. These results are compared with experimental data from a small multiwire proportional counter hodoscope operated in a 530 MeV/nucleon accelerator beam of nitrogen nuclei. Estimates of the secondary electron background produced by heavy relativistic nuclei are presented along with the detailed results from calculations of energy deposition in the hodoscope counter cells.

Morgan, S. H., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Predicted intensities of cosmic-ray-produced gamma-ray lines

The relative intensities of nuclear gamma-ray lines produced by inelastic collisions of low-energy cosmic ray nuclei with interstellar hydrogen have been calculated using assumed interstellar spectra which are power laws in kinetic energy. The intensity of the line at 511 keV produced by the annihilation of positrons emitted by radioactive nuclei resulting from similar collisions was also calculated. The 478 keV gamma-ray due to inelastic scattering of Li-7 is more intense than the positron line for spectral indicies Li-7 assuming that presently accepted cosmic ray abundances apply at low energies.

Rygg, T. A.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Noise produced by the large-scale transition region structure of turbulent jets

The 'orderly' structure which has been observed recently by numerous researchers within the transition region of subsonic turbulent jets is analyzed to reveal its noise-producing potential. For the case of a circular jet, this structure is modeled as a train of toroidal vortex rings which are formed near the jet exit and propagate downstream. The noise produced by the model is evaluated from a reformulation of Lighthill's expression for the far-field acoustic density which emphasizes the importance of the vorticity within the turbulent flow field. It is shown that the noise production occurs mainly close to the jet exit and depends primarily upon temporal changes in the toroidal radii. These results suggest a new approach to noise suppression which has been substantiated experimentally.

Hardin, J. C.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Response-produced timeouts under a progressive-ratio schedule with a punished reset option

An attempt is made to extend the generality of timeouts from positive reinforcement to more complex performances. Pigeons were provided with three continuously available options. Responses on one key resulted in food reinforcement under a progressive-ratio schedule, which requires a larger number of responses for successive reinforcements; responses on a second key, which were shocked, reset the progressive-ratio schedule to its first step; and responses on a third key produced a 3-min timeout. Some of these conditions have been studied previously (Dardano, 1968, 1973; Findley, 1958). Questions of general interest included the frequency and stability of response-produced timeouts, changes in the properties of the progressive-ratio performance resulting from the occurrence of timeouts, and the similarity of the relationships between timeouts and the reinforced behavior to relationships found under simpler conditions of reinforcement.

Dardano, J. F.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Method for producing a uniform, low Reynolds number jet

In one attempt to produce a simple inexpensive nozzle, a 2-in. diam plate with 37 holes was investigated (Stadler, 1960), anticipating that the small jets emanating from the plate would combine to form a uniform stream. This experiment was unsuccessful because a uniform flow was not established until the flow had progressed many nozzle diameters downstream. However, an extension of this concept to a much larger number of very small jets, viz., a porous plate, did provide a method for producing a uniform, low Reynolds number jet almost immediately downstream of the nozzle (Greene, 1973). The method is described and some typical jet velocity profiles for nozzle Reynolds numbers from 50 to 1000 are given.

Greene, G. C.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Method of producing a storage bulb for an atomic hydrogen maser

A storage bulb for an atomic hydrogen maser is produced by coating its internal surface with an emulsion containing both TFE and FEP particles. The emulsion is produced by mixing a first quantity of TFE in an aqueous dispersion with a second quantity of FEP in an aqueous dispersion, with a third quantity of distilled water. The emulsion is poured into the bulb to coat it uniformly so as to form a thin film of emulsion on the bulb's internal surface. After excess emulsion is drained out of the bulb the emulsion in the bulb is dried to remove the water and most of the aqueous matter therefrom. The remaining emulsion is then cured by heating the bulb to a temperature of at least 380 C.

Erpenbach, H.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Analysis of noise produced by jet impingement near the trailing edge of a flat and a curved plate

The sound fields produced by the interaction of a subsonic cold gas jet with the trailing edge of a large flat plate and a curved plate were analyzed. The analyses were performed to obtain a better understanding of the dominant noise source and the mechanism governing the peak sound-pressure-level frequencies of the broadband spectra. An analytical expression incorporating an available theory and experimental data predicts sound field data over an arc of approximately 105 deg measured from the upstream jet axis for the two independent sets of data. The dominant noise as detected on the impingement side of either plate results from the jet impact (eighth power of the velocity dependence) rather than a trailing-edge disturbance (fifth or sixth power of the velocity dependence). Also, the frequency of the peak SPL may be governed by a phenomenon which produces periodic formation and shedding of ring vortices from the nozzle lip.

Mckinzie, D. J., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Oxide dispersion strengthened nickel produced by nonreactive milling

It is shown that oxide dispersion strengthened alloys can be produced by a postulated nonreactive milling mechanism whereby the dispersoid is trapped at the interface between welding metal powder particles. This interparticle welding is possible because, without a suitable and sufficiently vigorous chemical reaction between the metal powder particles and the milling fluid, no protective, weld-preventing reaction coating is formed on these particles. Using water as the nonreactive milling fluid, Ni - 1.8-vol % thoria and Ni - 1.8-vol % yttria alloys with 1093 C tensile strengths ranging from 122.3 to 141.5 MN/sq m (17,900 to 20,500 psi) were produced by nonreactive milling.

Arias, A.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Parametric study of the noise produced by the interaction of the main rotor wake with the tail rotor

A model was designed, fabricated and wind tunnel tested to identify some of the parameters which were pertinent to the noise produced by the interaction of the main rotor wake with the tail rotor. The model provided for variations in many geometric and operating parameters. The initial set of tests indicated that the noise produced by the tail rotor was, in general, sensitive to the location of the vortex interaction on the tail rotor disk, direction of rotation, lateral rotor fin spacing, tip speed and the operating mode of the tail rotor; and generally insensitive to main rotor thrust coefficient, longitudinal spacing and tail rotor to main rotor rotational speed ratios. Refinements in the analyses to adequately predict the noise phenomenon have been outlined to complement further experimental investigations.

Balcerak, J. C.↗

NASA NTRS1976

A methodology for producing reliable software, volume 1

An investigation into the areas having an impact on producing reliable software including automated verification tools, software modeling, testing techniques, structured programming, and management techniques is presented. This final report contains the results of this investigation, analysis of each technique, and the definition of a methodology for producing reliable software.

Stucki, L. G.↗