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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1965

Rheology of synovial fluid and its role in joint lubrication

A review of studies by Barnett, Davies, MacConaill, Charnley, Ogston, Sundblad, and others indicates that there exists a tendency to explain the lubricating mechanism existing in synovial joints by either the lubricating properties of synovial fluid or the lubricating properties of the articular surfaces. The proponents of the respective hypothesis attempted to apply either the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication or the theory of boundary lubrication. Neither of these theories, however, can represent the lubrication mechanism in joints; both theories are too crude for this purpose. The nearest approach to reality appears to be represented by more recent elastohydrodynamic theories. It is the aim of this paper to show that both the synovial fluid and the articular cartilage play an important role in the joint lubrication, and that thixotropy of synovial fluid is the key parameter in the lubricating performance of the synovial fluid itself, and of the cartilage whose pores it fills. It will be suggested also that any pathological changes in either the synovial fluid or the articular cartilage, lead to a breakdown of joint lubrication.

LUBRICATION↗
NASA NTRS1965

New research on the rheology of high polymers

Phase method used to study propagation speed and damping of wave propagated in rubber vulcanized with sulfur, rubber vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide and butyl rubber vulcanized with sulfur

SYNTHETIC RUBBER↗
NASA NTRS1971

Time-dependent polymer rheology under constant stress and under constant shear conditions.

A kinetic rate theory previously presented for describing non-Newtonian phenomena has been further modified to predict the flow behavior of viscoelastic materials under constant stress conditions. The thixotropic shear stress or shear rate is predicted by the kinetic theory, and the experimental stress or shear rate is obtained by modifying the thixotropic value by a stress or shear rate retardation term. The retardation term stems from a Maxwellian approach for stress retardation. In order to test the validity of this approach, transient and steady-state data were obtained for two solutions of polymethylmethacrylate in diethylphthalate. Both constant stress measurements and constant shear rate data were taken over a broad range.

Lee, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigations of lubricant rheology as applied to elastohydrodynamic lubrication

The pressure viscometer was modified to permit the measurement of viscosity at elevated pressures and shear stresses up to 5 x 10 to the 6th power N/sq m (720 psi). This shear stress is within a factor of three of the shear stress occurring in a sliding ehd point contact such as occurs in the ehd simulator. Viscosity data were taken on five lubricant samples, and it was found that viscous heating effects on the viscosity were predominant and not non-Newtonian behavior at the high shear stresses. The development of the infrared temperature measuring technique for the ehd simulator was completed, and temperature data for a set of operating conditions and one lubricant are reported. The numerical analysis of the behavior of nonlinear lubricants in the lubrication of rollers is reported.

Carlson, S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A rheological mechanism of penetrative wear

A model is proposed which explains the penetrative wear of a soft material by a harder one. Three distinct modes of penetration are present depending on the applied load. During the most severe penetration plate-like wear debris is ejected at the leading edge of the slider. A series of slip line fields is presented to approximate this debris formation process. Plastic constraint is seen to be an important factor in wear particle formation.

Bates, T. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Rheological properties of RBC in the microcirculation of mammalian skeletal muscle

In the investigation the established technique of direct microscopic viewing was combined with the use of a closed circuit television system and cinematography. The red cell flow patterns in all capillaries were found to be oscillatory with characteristic cycle frequencies and amplitudes for all concentrations of inspired oxygen greater than 8%. Generally, there was a transient decrease in mean flow rate with increasing severity of hypoxia, with a gradual return toward control values. Red cell flow patterns are discussed along with questions of red cell configuration.

Ehrenberg, M. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Rheological properties of nondilute suspensions of deformable particles

The creeping flow equations have been solved to account for effects of shear on drop shape when the influence of neighboring drops is considered. A cell model is used to account for finite concentrations of the dispersed phase. From these results a constitutive equation is derived and implications for several flows are discussed. The shape and orientation of drops are computed and compared with existing data. Finally, dynamic viscosity and rigidity are obtained for nondilute suspensions of viscoelastic particles in an oscillatory shear flow.-

Choi, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Lubricant rheology applied to elastohydrodynamic lubrication

Viscosity measurements in a high pressure rheometer, elastohydrodynamic simulator studies (including the development of a temperature measuring technique), and analytical fluid modeling for elastohydrodynamic contacts are described. The more recent research which is described concerns infrared temperature measurements in elastohydrodynamic contacts and the exploration of the glassy state of lubricants. A correlation, of engineering significance, was made between transient surface temperature measurements and surface roughness profiles. Measurements of glass transitions of lubricants and the study of the effect of rate processes on materials lead to the conclusion that typical lubricants go into the glassy state as they pass through the contact region of typical elastohydrodynamic contacts.

Winer, W. O.↗