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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7

NASA Sounding Rocket Program Educational Outreach

Educational and public outreach is a major focus area for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The NASA Sounding Rocket Program (NSRP) shares in the belief that NASA plays a unique and vital role in inspiring future generations to pursue careers in science, mathematics, and technology. To fulfill this vision, the NSRP engages in a variety of educator training workshops and student flight projects that provide unique and exciting hands-on rocketry and space flight experiences. Specifically, the Wallops Rocket Academy for Teachers and Students (WRATS) is a one-week tutorial laboratory experience for high school teachers to learn the basics of rocketry, as well as build an instrumented model rocket for launch and data processing. The teachers are thus armed with the knowledge and experience to subsequently inspire the students at their home institution. Additionally, the NSRP has partnered with the Colorado Space Grant Consortium (COSGC) to provide a "pipeline" of space flight opportunities to university students and professors. Participants begin by enrolling in the RockOn! Workshop, which guides fledgling rocketeers through the construction and functional testing of an instrumentation kit. This is then integrated into a sealed canister and flown on a sounding rocket payload, which is recovered for the students to retrieve and process their data post flight. The next step in the "pipeline" involves unique, user-defined RockSat-C experiments in a sealed canister that allow participants more independence in developing, constructing, and testing spaceflight hardware. These experiments are flown and recovered on the same payload as the RockOn! Workshop kits. Ultimately, the "pipeline" culminates in the development of an advanced, user-defined RockSat-X experiment that is flown on a payload which provides full exposure to the space environment (not in a sealed canister), and includes telemetry and attitude control capability. The RockOn! and RockSat-C elements of the "pipeline" have been successfully demonstrated by five annual flights thus far from Wallops Flight Facility. RockSat-X has successfully flown twice, also from Wallops. The NSRP utilizes launch vehicles comprised of military surplus rocket motors (Terrier-Improved Orion and Terrier-Improved Malemute) to execute these missions. The NASA Sounding Rocket Program is proud of its role in inspiring the "next generation of explorers" and is working to expand its reach to all regions of the United States and the international community as well.

Rosanova, G.↗

Comparison of plasma probes in the lower ionosphere

The instrumentation and the observations performed by four identically instrumented sounding rockets, designed to investigate the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, are reported. The four sounding rockets were launched from the Brazilian equatorial range Alcantara in August 1994. The instruments were capable of determining ion and electron densities. The results of data processing showed discrepancies hitherto unnoticed by other experiments.

Friedrich, M.↗

Particle Detectors and Data Analysis for Cusp Transient Features Campaign

Grant NAG5-5084 was awarded to support the participation of South West Research Institute (SwRI) in building the energy per unit charge particle detectors for the Cusp Transient Features Campaign and analysis of flight data from these instruments. The detectors are part of an instrumented payload (Rocket 36.152, Dr. R. Pfaff, P.I.) launched from Svalbard on December 3, 1997, into the dark cusp. The particle instruments, a Cusp Electron Detector (CED) and a Cusp Ion Detector (CID), built on this project, provided differential energy and angular measurements along the rocket trajectory throughout the flight.

Sharber, J. R.↗

Small rocket flowfield diagnostic chambers

Instrumented and optically-accessible rocket chambers are being developed to be used for diagnostics of small rocket (less than 440 N thrust level) flowfields. These chambers are being tested to gather local fluid dynamic and thermodynamic flowfield data over a range of test conditions. This flowfield database is being used to better understand mixing and heat transfer phenomena in small rockets, influence the numerical modeling of small rocket flowfields, and characterize small rocket components. The diagnostic chamber designs include: a chamber design for gathering wall temperature profiles to be used as boundary conditions in a finite element heat flux model; a chamber design for gathering inner wall temperature and static pressure profiles; and optically-accessible chamber designs, to be used with a suite of laser-based diagnostics for gathering local species concentration, temperature, density, and velocity profiles. These chambers were run with gaseous hydrogen/gaseous oxygen (GH2/GO2) propellants, while subsequent versions will be run on liquid oxygen/hydrocarbon (LOX/HC) propellants. The purpose, design, and initial test results of these small rocket flowfield diagnostic chambers are summarized.

Morren, Sybil↗

Infrared instrumentation in space exploration.

IR spectrometers, radiometers, horizon sensors, rotating-prism planet-seekers and detector cooling using solid cryogens, for use in high altitude rockets and Earth satellites

ROCKET INSTRUMENTATION↗

Investigation of electrical currents in the auroral ionosphere

Two papers are presented on the investigation of electrical currents in the auroral ionosphere: (1) The Relationship Between Field-Aligned Current Carried by Suprathermal Electrons, and the Auroral Arc; and (2) Ionospheric Electrical Currents in the Late Evening Plasma Flow Reversal. In the first paper (1), data from four auroral sounding rockets, which directly measured field-aligned currents with partical detectors, are presented. In the second paper (2), data are presented for an instrumented sounding rocket that was launched from Andoya, Norway in January 1977, in the late evening auroral oval.

Arnoldy, R. L.↗

Monitoring harmful gases

Instruments are developed for monitoring presence of hydrazine and nitrogen dioxide in air. Nitrogen dioxide and hydrazine are highly toxic and explosive substances used in propellants for rocket engines. Instruments discussed are inexpensive and most useful for detecting above substances in concentrations as low as few parts per million.

Helms, W. R.↗

The analysis of a rocket tomography measurement of the N2+3914A emission and N2 ionization rates in an auroral arc

Techniques were developed for recovering two-dimensional distributions of auroral volume emission rates from rocket photometer measurements made in a tomographic spin scan mode. These tomographic inversion procedures are based upon an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and utilize two different iterative relaxation techniques for solving the problems associated with noise in the observational data. One of the inversion algorithms is based upon a least squares method and the other on a maximum probability approach. The performance of the inversion algorithms, and the limitations of the rocket tomography technique, were critically assessed using various factors such as (1) statistical and non-statistical noise in the observational data, (2) rocket penetration of the auroral form, (3) background sources of emission, (4) smearing due to the photometer field of view, and (5) temporal variations in the auroral form. These tests show that the inversion procedures may be successfully applied to rocket observations made in medium intensity aurora with standard rocket photometer instruments. The inversion procedures have been used to recover two-dimensional distributions of auroral emission rates and ionization rates from an existing set of N2+3914A rocket photometer measurements which were made in a tomographic spin scan mode during the ARIES auroral campaign. The two-dimensional distributions of the 3914A volume emission rates recoverd from the inversion of the rocket data compare very well with the distributions that were inferred from ground-based measurements using triangulation-tomography techniques and the N2 ionization rates derived from the rocket tomography results are in very good agreement with the in situ particle measurements that were made during the flight. Three pre-prints describing the tomographic inversion techniques and the tomographic analysis of the ARIES rocket data are included as appendices.

Mcdade, Ian C.↗

Rocket- and aircraft-borne trace gas measurements in the winter polar stratosphere

In January and February 1987 stratospheric rocket- and aircraft-borne trace gas measurements were done in the North Polar region using ACIMS (Active Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry) and PACIMS (PAssive Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry) instruments. The rocket was launched at ESRANGE (European Sounding Rocket Launching Range) (68 N, 21 E, Northern Sweden) and the twin-jet research aircraft operated by the DFVLR (Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchs-anstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt), and equipped with a mass spectrometer laboratory was stationed at Kiruna airport. Various stratospheric trace gases were measured including nitric acid, sulfuric acid, non-methane hydrocarbons (acetone, hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, methanol etc.), and ambient cluster ions. The experimental data is presented and possible implications for polar stratospheric ozone discussed.

Arnold, F.↗

Rocket-motor spin-test apparatus

Rocket motor spin test apparatus capable of subjecting solid rocket motors to dynamic spin or roll environments encountered in flight

FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENT↗

The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 1: Astronomy

The space astronomy missions to be accomplished by the space shuttle are discussed. The principal instrument is the Large Space Telescope optimized for the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum, but usable also in the infrared. Two infrared telescopes are also proposed and their characteristics are described. Other instruments considered for the astronomical observations are: (1) a very wide angle ultraviolet camera, (2) a grazing incidence telescope, (3) Explorer-class free flyers to measure the cosmic microwave background, and (4) rocket-class instruments which can fly frequently on a variety of missions. The stability requirements of the space shuttle for accomplishing the astronomy mission are defined.

Source record↗

Astronomy Spacelab Payloads

Astronomy Spacelab payloads are to utilize mainly the pallet. The pallet is an external unpressurized platform that will be carried in the Orbiter cargo bay for mounting telescopes, antennas, and the instruments and equipment requiring direct space exposure. Current planning for Sortie missions includes a duration of seven days. Astronomy payloads can range from single discipline missions to multidiscipline missions capable of carrying experiments ranging from facility class to balloon and sounding rocket class instruments. Study objectives are related to solar physics, UV/IR astronomy, and high energy astrophysics.

Scull, W. E.↗

SM91: Observations of interchange between acceleration and thermalization processes in auroral electrons

Results from a Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocket flight launched from Fort Churchill are presented. The rocket was launched into a breakup aurora at magnetic local midnight on 21 March 1968. The rocket was instrumented to measure electrons with an electrostatic analyzer electron spectrometer which made 29 measurements in the energy interval 0.5 KeV to 30 KeV. Complete energy spectra were obtained at a rate of 10/sec. Pitch angle information is presented via 3 computed average per rocket spin. The dumped electron average corresponds to averages over electrons moving nearly parallel to the B vector. The mirroring electron average corresponds to averages over electrons moving nearly perpendicular to the B vector. The average was also computed over the entire downward hemisphere (the precipitated electron average). The observations were obtained in an altitude range of 10 km at 230 km altitude.

Pongratz, M.↗

Rocket observations of electron-density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere below 200 km

Nike Apache rockets carring instrumentation to measure electron density and its fine structure in the equatorial ionosphere were launched from Chilca, Peru in May and June 1975. The fine structure experiment and the data reduction system are described. Results obtained from this system are presented and compared with those obtained by VHF radar and from other rocket studies. A description of the equatorial ionosphere and its features is also presented.

Klaus, D. E.↗

Transition of sounding-rocket experiments to Shuttle/Spacelab

Studies of the feasibility of using instruments of the type flown on balloons, sounding rockets, satellites, and Skylab ATM have led to the conclusion that sounding rocket instruments could be useful for conducting science experiments from space, both in their own right and in providing supporting data to other instruments observing the same object. Some engineering aspects of extending the viewing time from minutes to days are examined.

Stouffer, C. G.↗

First Operation of TES Microcalorimeters in Space with the Micro-X Sounding Rocket

Micro-X is a sounding rocket-borne instrument that uses a microcalorimeter array to perform high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. This instrument flew for the first time on July 22nd, 2018, from the White Sands Missile Range, USA. This flight marks the first successful operation of a transition-edge sensor array and its time-division multiplexing readout system in space. This launch was dedicated to the observation of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. A failure in the attitude control system prevented the rocket from pointing and led to no time on target. The onboard calibration source provided X-rays in flight, and it is used to compare detector performance during preflight integration, flight, and after the successful post-flight recovery. This calibration data demonstrate the capabilities of the detector in a space environment as well as its potential for future flight.

TES↗

Far-Ultraviolet Observations of Comet C 2012 S1 (ISON) From Fortis

We have used the unique far-UV imaging capability offered by a sounding-rocket-borne instrument to acquire observations of C/2012 S1 (ISON) when its angular separation with respect to the Sun was 26 deg.3 on 2013 November 20.49. At the time of observation, the comet's heliocentric distance and velocity relative to the Sun were r h = 0.43 au and r (sub h) = 62.7 km s)exp. -1). Images dominated by C Iota Lambda 1657 and H Iota Lambda 1216 were acquired over a 10(exp. 6) x 10(exp. 6) km(exp. 2) region. The water production rate implied by the Ly Alpha observations is constrained to be Q H2O is much greater than 8 x 10(exp. 29) s(exp. -1) while the neutral carbon production rate was Q(sub c) is much greater than 4 x 10(exp. 28) s(exp. -1). The radial profile of C I was consistent with it being a dissociation product of a parent molecule with a lifetime T is approx. 5 x 10(exp. 4) s, favoring a parent other than CO. We constrain the Q(sub co) production rate to 5(+1.5)(-7.5), 10(exp. 28) s(exp. -1) with 1 sigma errors derived from photon statistics. The upper limit on the Q (sub CO)/Q(sub H2O) is 6%.

sounding rocket↗