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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

A rocket tomography measurement of the N2(+) 3914 A emission rates within an auroral arc

A rocket tomography experiment designed to measure the two-dimensional distribution of the N2(+) 3914 A volume emission rates within an auroral arc is described. A simple filter photometer on board a sounding rocket, which was launched during the ARIES auroral campaign, was used to measure the 3914 A aruoral brightnesses at elevation angles ranging from 0 to 360 deg in the plane of the rocket trajectory. The measured auroral brightnesses have been tomographically inverted to recover the local 3914 A volume emissioin rates as a function of both altitude and latitude within the arc. The tomographic inversion procedure, which is based upon a maximum probability algebraic reconstruction approach, is described, and the implications of the results for studies of auroral excitation processes are briefly discussed.

Mcdade, I. C.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Automated and Manual Rocket Crater Measurement Software

An update has been performed to software designed to do very rapid automated measurements of craters created in sandy substrates by rocket exhaust on liftoff. The previous software was optimized for pristine lab geometry and lighting conditions. This software has been enhanced to include a section for manual measurements of crater parameters; namely, crater depth, crater full width at half max, and estimated crater volume. The tools provide a very rapid method to measure these manual parameters to ease the burden of analyzing large data sets. This software allows for rapid quantization of the rocket crater parameters where automated methods may not work. The progress of spreadsheet data is continuously saved so that data is never lost, and data can be copied to clipboards and pasted to other software for analysis. The volume estimation of a crater is based on the central max depth axis line, and the polygonal shape of the crater is integrated around that axis.

Metzger, Philip↗
NASA NTRS1953

Rocket-Model Measurements of Zero-Lift Damping in Roll of the Bell MX-776 Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.56

The zero-lift damping in roll of the Bell MX-776 missile has been measured by a sting-mounted rocket-model technique at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.56. The damping-in-roll data, in general, show no unusual variation with Mach number. Aileron rolling-moment effectiveness derived from these data and previously obtained rolling-effectiveness data appear reasonable,

Bland, William N., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Rocket-based measurement of particle fluxes and currents in an auroral arc.

The rocket with the experiment was fired from Fort Churchill, Canada, over a homogeneous arc at 2000 local time on Feb. 26, 1969. Detectors measured the pitch-angle distribution of the fluxes of electrons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and energies above 50 keV, and of protons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and in the range from 80 to 1000 keV. The total backscattered flux was about 20% of the downward flux in the same energy range. No protons in the range from 2 to 18 keV, or any higher energy particles, were found in significant quantities. It was found that the energetic auroral electrons carry a substantial part of the Birkeland current. The arc extended at least 1500 km in an east-west direction and was not associated with substorm activity.

Vondrak, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A rocket-borne measurement of interstellar dust emission at high galactic latitude

The diffuse brightness of the sky was measured in six submillimeter passbands, using a rocket-borne, liquid helium-cooled, absolute radiometer. The average brightness was reported which was observed in each of the passbands, and the dominant source of emission was tentatively identified in the three shortest wavelength bands as interstellar dust (ISD). Spacial structure was observed in these bands, as would be expected for emission from the ISD. The average column density of H I was calculated in each field of view along the scan path. All three bands show a significant correlation with H I. The obtained values are in excellent agreement with those computed for a mixture of graphite and silicate grains. A significant residual emission, not correlated with the H I column density, is evident in all three channels.

Lange, Andrew E.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Rocket-based measurement of Birkeland currents related to an auroral arc and electrojet.

A rocket-borne experiment performed to study currents associated with a quiet auroral arc is discussed. The magnetic field in the vicinity of the arc was measured with a vector magnetometer, while the orientation of the payload was determined with a lunar-aspect sensor. Possible current configurations were inferred by constructing model current systems that reproduced the magnetic field variations measured along the flight path. The data are interpreted in terms of a model current system consisting of a northwestward electrojet and two oppositely directed Birkeland sheet currents, all lying in planes approximately parallel to the auroral arc. The current density integrated through the 16-km thickness of each Birkeland current sheet was found to be roughly 0.16 A/m. The electrojet current was roughly 6000 A.

Park, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Satellite (Timed, Aura, Aqua) and In Situ (Meteorological Rockets, Balloons) Measurement Comparability

Measurements using the inflatable falling sphere often are requested to provide density data in support of special sounding rocket launchings into the mesosphere and thermosphere. To insure density measurements within narrow time frames and close in space, the inflatable falling sphere is launched within minutes of the major test. Sphere measurements are reliable for the most part, however, availability of these rocket systems has become more difficult and, in fact, these instruments no longer are manufactured resulting in a reduction of the meager stockpile of instruments. Sphere measurements also are used to validate remotely measured temperatures and have the advantage of measuring small-scale atmospheric features. Even so, with the dearth of remaining falling spheres perhaps it is time to consider whether the remote measurements are mature enough to stand alone. Presented are two field studies, one in 2003 from Northern Sweden and one in 2010 from the vicinity of Kwajalein Atoll that compare temperature retrievals between satellite and in situ failing spheres. The major satellite instruments employed are SABER, MLS, and AIRS. The comparisons indicate that remotely measured temperatures mimic the sphere temperature measurements quite well. The data also confirm that satellite retrievals, while not always at the exact location required for individual studies, are adaptable enough and highly useful. Although the falling sphere will provide a measurement at a specific location and time, satellites only pass a given location daily or less often. This report reveals that averaged satellite measurements can provide temperatures and densities comparable to the falling sphere.

Schmidlin, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

PULSAUR 2: Rocket and groundbased measurements in a pulsating aurora

The second pulsating aurora rocket (PULSAUR 2) rocket was launched into a pulsating aurora on 9 February 1994 and carried a broad range of instruments in order to perform a study of this type of aurora. The rocket measurements were complemented with a set of ground-based measurements. The particle measurements performed in the rocket are related to the ground-based optical measurements performed along the rocket trajectory. It is found that the high energy electrons are largely in phase with the measured luminosity. The EISCAT measurements carried out during the flight are reviewed. The PULSAUR 2 campaign is described. Results concerning the auroral conditions and the particle measurements are presented.

Soeraas, Finn↗
NASA NTRS1980

Comparative rocket observations of ionospheric electric fields in the auroral oval

The ion drift technique of measuring ionospheric electric fields is compared to two other simultaneous measurements. Rocket measurements in the evening auroral oval are checked against a dual probe, also in situ, and the ground based STARE auroral radar. The technique is explained thoroughly as well as tested for its dependence on mass. Two evening auroral oval conditions were observed from Andoya, Norway in January and February 1977. The first flight, 18:1005, measured electric fields over a quiet pre-midnight discrete arc. An interesting plasma convection reversal was observed poleward of the arc. The subsequent 18:1004, samples a breakup phase aurora nearer local midnight.

Zanetti, L. J., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Studies of high latitude mesospheric turbulence by radar and rocket. II - Measurements of small scale turbulence

Measurements of mesospheric small scale turbulence and associated larger scale wave structures were obtained from rocket probe flights during equinox in spring 1985. The measurements were verified by data from the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. Electron density irregularities down to an altitude of about 62 km and fluctuations in positive ion density in the altitude region from 50 to 90 km were measured. Turbulence in the inertial subrange was observed at heights where the fluctuations generally were largest. Measurement of background electron density exhibited gradients relative to the monotonically increasing density profile, suggesting the presence of large amplitude wave motions transporting the plasma by mixing. The radar detected the occurrence of 1-3 km wavelike perturbations superimposed on a 7-km wave in the wind velocity field. It is suggested that the 1-3 km waves are more important in the transport of energy and momentum and in the production of turbulence in the lower mesosphere.

Blood, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Absolute calibration in the 1750 - 3350 A region

The absolute flux measurements in the rocket ultraviolet made by Bohlin, Frimout, and Lillie (BFL) are revised using a more correct treatment of the air extinction that enters the air calibration of their instrument. The absorption by molecular oxygen and ozone, Rayleigh scattering, and extinction by aerosols is tabulated for general use in ultraviolet calibrations performed in air. The revised absolute flux of eta UMa and final fluxes for alpha Lyr and zeta Oph are presented in the 1750-3350 A region. The absolute flux of the star eta UMa is compared to four other independent determinations in the 1200-3400 A region and a maximum difference of 35% is found near 1500 A between the OAO-2 and Apollo 17 fluxes. The rocket measurements of BFL, the ANS and TD-1 satellite data, and the Apollo 17 data are compared to the ultraviolet fluxes from the OAO-2, demonstrating a photometric reproducibility of about + or - 3 percent. Therefore, all four sets of spectrophotometry can be reduced to a common absolute scale.

Strongylis, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Absolute calibration in the 1750 A-3350 A region

The absolute flux measurements in the rocket ultraviolet made by Bohlin, Frimout, and Lillie (BFL) are revised using a more correct treatment of the air extinction that enters the air calibration of their instrument. The absorption by molecular oxygen and ozone, Rayleigh scattering, and extinction by aerosols is tabulated for general use in ultraviolet calibrations performed in air. The revised absolute flux of Eta UMa and final fluxes for Alpha Lyr and Zeta Oph are presented in the 1750 A-3350 A region. The absolute flux of the star Eta UMa (B3 V) is compared to four other independent determinations in the 1200 A-3400 A region and a maximum difference of 35% is found near 1500 A between the OAO-2 and Apollo 17 fluxes. Longward of 1700 A the typical scatter in the different determinations is only plus or minus 5%. The rocket measurements of BFL, the ANS and TD-1 satellite data, and the Apollo 17 data are compared to the ultraviolet fluxes from the OAO-2, demonstrating a photometric reproducibility of about plus or minus 3%. Therefore, all four sets of spectrophotometry can be reduced to a common absolute scale.

Strongylis, G. J.↗