Toxicity at 1 Year After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in 3 Fractions for Localized Prostate Cancer
To assess the toxicity profile of prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in 3 fractions.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
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Low-Dose Radiation Therapy in the Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia (LOWRAD-Cov19): Preliminary Report
Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, and preliminary results suggest it is feasible to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
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Use of Multi-Site Radiation Therapy for Systemic Disease Control
Metastatic cancer is a heterogeneous entity, some of which could benefit from local consolidative radiation therapy (RT). Although randomized evidence is growing in support of using RT for oligometastatic disease, a highly active area of investigation relates to whether RT could benefit patients with polymetastatic disease. This article highlights the preclinical and clinical rationale for using RT for polymetastatic disease, proposes an exploratory framework for selecting patients best suited for these types of treatments, and briefly reviews potential challenges. The goal of this hypothesis-generating review is to address personalized multimodality systemic treatment for patients with metastatic cancer. The rationale for using high-dose RT is primarily for local control and immune activation in either oligometastatic or polymetastatic disease. However, the primary application of low-dose RT is to activate distinct antitumor immune pathways and modulate the tumor stroma in efforts to better facilitate T cell infiltration. We explore clinical cases involving high- and low-dose RT to demonstrate the potential efficacy of such treatment. We then group patients by extent of disease burden to implement high- and/or low-dose RT. Patients with low-volume disease may receive high-dose RT to all sites as part of an oligometastatic paradigm. Subjects with high-volume disease (for whom standard of care remains palliative RT only) could be treated with a combination of high-dose RT to a few sites for immune activation, while receiving low-dose RT to several remaining lesions to enhance systemic responses from high-dose RT and immunotherapy. We further discuss how emerging but speculative concepts such as immune function may be integrated into this approach and examine therapies currently under investigation that may help address immune deficiencies. The review concludes by addressing challenges in using RT for polymetastatic disease, such as concerns about treatment planning workflows, treatment times, dose constraints for multiple-isocenter treatments, and economic considerations.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Phase 1 Study of Low-Dose Fractionated Whole Abdominal Radiation Therapy in Combination With Weekly Paclitaxel for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (GCGS-01)
Low-dose fractionated whole abdominal radiation therapy (LDFWART) has synergistic activity with paclitaxel in preclinical models. The aim of this phase 1 trial was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose and preliminary activity of weekly paclitaxel (wP) concurrent with LDFWART in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC).
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
The Dutch–Belgian Registry of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastases: Clinical Outcomes of 515 Patients and 668 Metastases
Although various studies have reported that stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases has high local control rates and relatively low toxicity, most series included a small number of patients. We aimed to validate these outcomes in a large multi-institution patient cohort treated in accordance with a common protocol.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Forecasting Individual Patient Response to Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer With a Dynamic Carrying Capacity Model
To model and predict individual patient responses to radiation therapy.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Clinician Attitudes to Using Low-Dose Radiation Therapy to Treat COVID-19 Lung Disease
Current treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lung disease have limited efficacy. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has received both interest and criticism as a potential treatment for this condition. In this qualitative study we explored clinicians’ perspectives to identify barriers to testing LDRT in clinical trials and implementing it in clinical practice.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Individualized Adaptive Radiation Therapy Allows for Safe Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Child-Turcotte-Pugh B Liver Disease
Previous reports of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggest unacceptably high rates of toxicity in patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) B liver disease. We hypothesized that an individualized adaptive treatment approach based on midtreatment liver function would maintain good local control while limiting toxicity in this population.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Pleural Recurrence of Thymoma: A Prospective Phase 2 Study
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for pleural recurrence of thymoma that was not suitable for surgery and had progressed after chemotherapy.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Moderately Hypofractionated Once-Daily Compared With Twice-Daily Thoracic Radiation Therapy Concurrently With Etoposide and Cisplatin in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase II, Randomized Trial
Chemotherapy and concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (CCTRT) followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is the standard of care for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). We aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated once-daily CCTRT with that of a standard twice-daily regimen.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
AI-Based Radiation Dose Quantification for Estimation of Heart Disease Risk in Breast Cancer Survivors After Radiation Therapy
To investigate whether the dose planned for cardiac structures is associated with the risk of heart disease (HD) in patients with breast cancer treated with radiation therapy, and whether this association is modified by the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC).
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy Clinics: The Evidence Is There, but Where Are the Clinics? An Australian and New Zealand Perspective
First developed in Canada in the 1990s, Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy (RAPRT) clinics have subsequently spread internationally to expedite treatment for near end-of-life patients, sparing them the need for multiple visits to the department. A “classical” RAPRT clinic is herein defined as “a dedicated clinic specifically established to enable (ideally) same day consultation, planning for, and delivery of palliative radiation treatment.” The aim of this work was to determine the current status of these clinics in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Mathematical Modeling to Simulate the Effect of Adding Radiation Therapy to Immunotherapy and Application to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
To develop a comprehensive framework to simulate the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with radiation therapy (RT) and to apply the framework for investigating ICI-RT combination regimen in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Benefits of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) During Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Trial
This study aimed to study the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on chest anatomy and tumor motion in patients receiving radiation therapy.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Development of a Prognostic Model to Identify the Suitable Definitive Radiation Therapy Candidates in de Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Real-World Study
We aimed to develop an accurate prognostic model to identify suitable candidates for definitive radiation therapy (DRT) in addition to palliative chemotherapy (PCT) among patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC).
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Biochemical Control and Toxicity Outcomes of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) have both shown acceptable outcomes in the treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Minimal data have been published directly comparing rates of biochemical control and toxicity with these 2 modalities. We hypothesize that LDR and SBRT will provide similar rates of biochemical control.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Spinal Metastases: Tumor Control Probability Analyses and Recommended Reporting Standards
We sought to investigate the tumor control probability (TCP) of spinal metastases treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in 1 to 5 fractions.
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
Underascertainment of Clinically Meaningful Symptoms During Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy—Does This Vary by Patient Characteristics?
It is well known that physicians underascertain chemotherapy-related toxicity compared with patient self-report. However, symptom underascertainment in radiation therapy and characterization of patient groups at increased risk for underascertainment have not been examined.
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