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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Hubble Space Telescope images and follow-up spectroscopy of the Orion nebula

Recently published HST images of the Orion nebula reveal elephant-trunk structures, an apparent jet of material, and fine-scale structure in the Herbig-Haro object HH2, which is located at the base of an elephant trunk. High-resolution spectroscopy shows that the apparent jet is actually an ionization front seen edge-on. HH2 shows a complex structure in the several stages of ionization observed. There seem to be two velocity systems characterized by a bright central region and an accompanying shell-like emission. These two systems are most likely to be the result of a bow shock and corresponding Mach disk formed from the interaction of a collimated jet and the ambient gas of the nebula.

O'Dell, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the large-redshift gravitational lens candidate 1208 + 1011

Four-color photometry obtained with the HST is consistent with the hypothesis that the light from the quasar 1208 + 1011 (z = 3.8) is gravitationally lensed. Guided exposures taken with the HST Planetary Camera resolve the quasar image into two point-source components separated by 0.476 +/- 0.004 arcsec. The intensity ratio of the components is approximately 4:1 in each of four broadband HST filters with mean wavelengths of 4352, 5416, 6898, and 8922 A. The HST photometry, when combined with high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy, rules out the possibility that the secondary component is a Galactic star. The limit on additional point sources is 3 percent of the brighter image for separations greater than 0.5 arcsec from the primary component and 5 percent of the brighter component for separations between 0.1 and 0.5 arcsec. If the gravitational lens is an ordinary galaxy, it would not have been detected on the HST images.

Bahcall, John N.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of a compact radio galaxy at z = 2.390

The radio galaxy with the highest redshift in the Leiden-Berkeley Deep Survey, 53W002, is described and examined in terms of UV profile in relation to an early-type galaxy. The HST WFC images have a resolution of 0.2 arcsec FWHM, and the I- and V-band structures are assessed. The source is elongated in a manner similar to the Ly alpha cloud in V, and the structure is highly compact in I. The present object with a young starburst has very high central UV surface brightnesses relative to nearby luminous early-type galaxies, while the light profiles are similar. The data are concluded to suggest that 53W002 is a young galaxy that has a regular light profile at z = 2.390 even though it has been forming stars since not more than about 0.5 Gyr before z = 2.390. Such a scenario is consistent with concurrent dynamical collapse and star formation in the compact radio galaxy.

Windhorst, Rogier↗
NASA NTRS1992

Instrumental and observational requirements for space-based imaging of magnetospheric emissions

Simulated images of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions from energetic outflowing ions have been constructed to study techniques for remotely sensing the dynamic behavior of hot plasmas in the near-Earth environment. These calculations include realistic assumptions about the energetic ion outflow from high latitudes and take into account the effects of cold plasmaspheric and ionospheric ions. The energetic ion outflow is determined from a statistical study based on five years of measurements from the Energetic Ion Composition Spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer 1. The simulated images change significantly with viewing geometry and certain spacecraft locations are clearly favorable for observing emissions from energetic ions. For example, for a near equatorial orbit, viewing locations greater than 9 Earth radii are required to observe outflowing ions above the cold plasmaspheric background. We will discuss other important considerations for magnetospheric imaging including the sensitivity requirements of the detector. In particular, we consider the performance of multi-layer optics for EUV wavelengths.

Robinson, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of 53W044 - An S0 radio galaxy at z = 0.311

Images of the Wide Field Camera (WFC) and Faint-Object Camera (FOC) of the radio galaxy 53W044 are presented. The WFC images are used to examine the structure of the galaxy, and show evidence for a significant disk, on the basis of which 53W044 is classified as an S0. This radio galaxy is near the maximum radio power associated with sources in S0 host galaxies. The FOC image is combined with ground-based spectroscopy to study 53W044's stellar population, which appears normal for an E/S0 galaxy of modest luminosity. No evidence is found for a significant contribution from a nuclear blue-continuum source, and the stellar population is old with a continuum level at 2100 A, consistent with what is seen in nearby radio galaxies.

Keel, William C.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Bright Galactic X-Ray Binaries in Crowded Fields

We report high spatial resolution HST imagery and photometry of three well-studied, intense Galactic X-ray binaries, X2129+470, CAL 87, and GX 17+2. All three sources exhibit important anomalies that are not readily interpreted by conventional models. Each source also lies in a severely crowded field, and in all cases the anomalies would be removed if much of the light observed from the ground in fact came from a nearby, thus far unresolved superposed companion. For V1727 Cyg (X2129+470), we find no such companion. We also present an HST FOS spectrum and broadband photometry which is consistent with a single, normal star. The supersoft LMC X-ray source CAL 87 was already known from ground-based work to have a companion separated by O.9 minutes from the optical counterpart; our HST images clearly resolve these objects and yield the discovery of an even closer, somewhat fainter additional companion. Our photometry indicates that contamination is not severe outside eclipse, where the companions only contribute 20% of the light in V, but during eclipse more than half of the V light comes from the companions. The previously determined spectral type of the CAL 87 secondary may need to be reevaluated due to this significant contamination, with consequences on inferences of the mass of the components. We find no companions to NP Ser (= X1813-14, = GX 17+2). However, for this object we point out a small but possibly significant astrometric discrepancy between the position of the optical object and that of the radio source which is the basis for the identification. This discrepancy needs to be clarified.

Deutsch, Eric W.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Analysis of Buoyancy Effects in Helium Jets Using High-Speed Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry

The flow phenomena of buoyant jets have been analyzed by many researchers in recent years. Few, however have studied jets in microgravity conditions, and the exact nature of the flow under these conditions has until recently been unknown. This study seeks to extend the work done by researchers at the university of Oklahoma in examining and documenting the behavior of helium jets in micro-gravity conditions. Quantitative rainbow schlieren deflectometry data have been obtained for helium jets discharging vertically into quiescent ambient air from tubes of several diameters at various flow rates using a high-speed digital camera. These data have obtained before, during and after the onset of microgravity conditions. High-speed rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been developed for this study with the installation and use of a high-speed digital camera and modifications to the optical setup. Higher temporal resolution of the transitional phase between terrestrial and micro-gravity conditions has been obtained which has reduced the averaging effect of longer exposure times used in all previous schlieren studies. Results include color schlieren images, color time-space images (temporal evolution images), frequency analyses, contour plots of hue and contour plots of helium mole fraction. The results, which focus primarily on the periods before and during the onset of microgravity conditions, show that the pulsation of the jets normally found in terrestrial gravity ("earth"-gravity) conditions cease, and the gradients in helium diminish to produce a widening of the jet in micro-gravity conditions. In addition, the results show that the disturbance propagate upstream from a downstream source.

Leptuch, Peter A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

New mapping technologies - mapping and imaging from space

New and significantly enhanced space based observational capabiities are available which are of potential use to the hazards community. In combination with existing methodologies, these instruments and data can significantly enhance and extend current procedures for seismic zonation and hazards evaluation. This paper provides a brief overview of several of the more useful data sets available.

natural hazards space technology↗
NASA NTRS2006

Secure Display of Space-Exploration Images

Java EDR Display Interface (JEDI) is software for either local display or secure Internet distribution, to authorized clients, of image data acquired from cameras aboard spacecraft engaged in exploration of remote planets. ( EDR signifies experimental data record, which, in effect, signifies image data.) Processed at NASA s Multimission Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL), the data can be from either near-realtime processing streams or stored files. JEDI uses the Java Advanced Imaging application program interface, plus input/output packages that are parts of the Video Image Communication and Retrieval software of the MIPL, to display images. JEDI can be run as either a standalone application program or within a Web browser as a servlet with an applet front end. In either operating mode, JEDI communicates using the HTTP(s) protocol(s). In the Web-browser case, the user must provide a password to gain access. For each user and/or image data type, there is a configuration file, called a "personality file," containing parameters that control the layout of the displays and the information to be included in them. Once JEDI has accepted the user s password, it processes the requested EDR (provided that user is authorized to receive the specific EDR) to create a display according to the user s personality file.

Cheng, Cecilia↗
DOE OSTI2025

SANE: strategic autonomous non-smooth exploration for multiple optima discovery in multi-modal and non-differentiable black-box functions

Both computational and experimental material discovery bring forth the challenge of exploring multidimensional and multimodal parameter spaces, such as phase diagrams of Hamiltonians with multiple interactions, composition spaces of combinatorial libraries, material structure image spaces, and molecular embedding spaces. Often these systems are black-boxes and time-consuming to evaluate, which resulted in strong interest towards active learning methods such as Bayesian optimization (BO). However, these systems are often noisy which make the black box function severely multi-modal and non-differentiable, where a vanilla BO can get overly focused near a single or faux optimum, deviating from the broader goal of scientific discovery. To address these limitations, here we developed Strategic Autonomous Non-Smooth Exploration (SANE) to facilitate an intelligent Bayesian optimized navigation with a proposed cost-driven probabilistic acquisition function to find multiple global and local optimal regions, avoiding the tendency to becoming trapped in a single optimum. To distinguish between a true and false optimal region due to noisy experimental measurements, a human (domain) knowledge driven dynamic surrogate gate is integrated with SANE. We implemented the gate-SANE into pre-acquired piezoresponse spectroscopy data of a ferroelectric combinatorial library with high noise levels in specific regions, and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) hyperspectral data. SANE demonstrated better performance than classical BO to facilitate the exploration of multiple optimal regions and thereby prioritized learning with higher coverage of scientific values in autonomous experiments. Our work showcases the potential application of this method to real-world experiments, where such combined strategic and human intervening approaches can be critical to unlocking new discoveries in autonomous research.

Biswas, Arpan [University of Tennessee, Knoxville,↗