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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1998

Development of High Speed Interferometry Imaging and Analysis Techniques for Compressible Dynamic Stall

The development of a high-speed, phase-locked, realtime, point diffraction interferometry system for quantitative imaging unsteady separated flows is described. The system enables recording of up to 224 interferograms of the dynamic stall flow over an oscillating airfoil using a drum camera at rates of up to 40 KHz controlled by custom designed electronic interlocking circuitry. Several thousand interferograms of the flow have been obtained using this system. A comprehensive image analysis package has been developed for automatic processing of this large number of images. The software has been specifically tuned to address the special characteristics of airfoil flow interferograms. Examples of images obtained using the standard and the high-speed interferometry techniques are presented along with a demonstration of the image processing routine's ability to resolve the fine details present in these images.

Chandrasekhara, M. S.↗

NASA NTRS1998

Automated Fabrication Technologies for High Performance Polymer Composites

New fabrication technologies are being exploited for building high graphite-fiber-reinforced composite structure. Stitched fiber preforms and resin film infusion have been successfully demonstrated for large, composite wing structures. Other automatic processes being developed include automated placement of tacky, drapable epoxy towpreg, automated heated head placement of consolidated ribbon/tape, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. These methods have the potential to yield low cost high performance structures by fabricating composite structures to net shape out-of-autoclave.

Shuart , M. J.↗

NASA NTRS1998

Parallelization of NAS Benchmarks for Shared Memory Multiprocessors

This paper presents our experiences of parallelizing the sequential implementation of NAS benchmarks using compiler directives on SGI Origin2000 distributed shared memory (DSM) system. Porting existing applications to new high performance parallel and distributed computing platforms is a challenging task. Ideally, a user develops a sequential version of the application, leaving the task of porting to new generations of high performance computing systems to parallelization tools and compilers. Due to the simplicity of programming shared-memory multiprocessors, compiler developers have provided various facilities to allow the users to exploit parallelism. Native compilers on SGI Origin2000 support multiprocessing directives to allow users to exploit loop-level parallelism in their programs. Additionally, supporting tools can accomplish this process automatically and present the results of parallelization to the users. We experimented with these compiler directives and supporting tools by parallelizing sequential implementation of NAS benchmarks. Results reported in this paper indicate that with minimal effort, the performance gain is comparable with the hand-parallelized, carefully optimized, message-passing implementations of the same benchmarks.

Waheed, Abdul↗

NASA NTRS2002

Electron Density Profiles of the Topside Ionosphere

The existing uncertainties about the electron density profiles in the topside ionosphere, i.e., in the height region from h,F2 to - 2000 km, require the search for new data sources. The ISIS and Alouette topside sounder satellites from the sixties to the eighties recorded millions of ionograms but most were not analyzed in terms of electron density profiles. In recent years an effort started to digitize the analog recordings to prepare the ionograms for computerized analysis. As of November 2001 about 350000 ionograms have been digitized from the original 7-track analog tapes. These data are available in binary and CDF format from the anonymous ftp site of the National Space Science Data Center. A search site and browse capabilities on CDAWeb assist the scientific usage of these data. All information and access links can be found at http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/isis/isis- status.htm1. This paper describes the ISIS data restoration effort and shows how the digital ionograms are automatically processed into electron density profiles from satellite orbit altitude (1400 km for ISIS-2) down to the F peak. Because of the large volume of data an automated processing algorithm is imperative. The TOPside Ionogram Scaler with True height algorithm TOPIST software developed for this task is successfully scaling - 70% of the ionograms. An < > is available to manually scale the more difficult ionograms. The automated processing of the digitized ISIS ionograms is now underway, producing a much-needed database of topside electron density profiles for ionospheric modeling covering more than one solar cycle.

Huang, Xue-Qin↗

NASA NTRS2005

Conservative Patch Algorithm and Mesh Sequencing for PAB3D

A mesh-sequencing algorithm and a conservative patched-grid-interface algorithm (hereafter Patch Algorithm ) have been incorporated into the PAB3D code, which is a computer program that solves the Navier-Stokes equations for the simulation of subsonic, transonic, or supersonic flows surrounding an aircraft or other complex aerodynamic shapes. These algorithms are efficient, flexible, and have added tremendously to the capabilities of PAB3D. The mesh-sequencing algorithm makes it possible to perform preliminary computations using only a fraction of the grid cells (provided the original cell count is divisible by an integer) along any grid coordinate axis, independently of the other axes. The patch algorithm addresses another critical need in multi-block grid situation where the cell faces of adjacent grid blocks may not coincide, leading to errors in calculating fluxes of conserved physical quantities across interfaces between the blocks. The patch algorithm, based on the Stokes integral formulation of the applicable conservation laws, effectively matches each of the interfacial cells on one side of the block interface to the corresponding fractional cell area pieces on the other side. This approach is comprehensive and unified such that all interface topology is automatically processed without user intervention. This algorithm is implemented in a preprocessing code that creates a cell-by-cell database that will maintain flux conservation at any level of full or reduced grid density as the user may choose by way of the mesh-sequencing algorithm. These two algorithms have enhanced the numerical accuracy of the code, reduced the time and effort for grid preprocessing, and provided users with the flexibility of performing computations at any desired full or reduced grid resolution to suit their specific computational requirements.

Pao, S. P.↗

NASA NTRS2012

MPST Software: MoonKommand

This software automatically processes Sally Ride Science (SRS) delivered MoonKAM camera control files (ccf) into uplink products for the GRAIL-A and GRAIL-B spacecraft as part of an education and public outreach (EPO) extension to the Grail Mission. Once properly validated and deemed safe for execution onboard the spacecraft, MoonKommand generates the command products via the Automated Sequence Processor (ASP) and generates uplink (.scmf) files for radiation to the Grail-A and/or Grail-B spacecraft. Any errors detected along the way are reported back to SRS via email. With Moon Kommand, SRS can control their EPO instrument as part of a fully automated process. Inputs are received from SRS as either image capture files (.ccficd) for new image requests, or downlink/delete files (.ccfdl) for requesting image downlink from the instrument and on-board memory management. The Moon - Kommand outputs are command and file-load (.scmf) files that will be uplinked by the Deep Space Network (DSN). Without MoonKommand software, uplink product generation for the MoonKAM instrument would be a manual process. The software is specific to the Moon - KAM instrument on the GRAIL mission. At the time of this writing, the GRAIL mission was making final preparations to begin the science phase, which was scheduled to continue until June 2012.

Kwok, John H.↗

NASA NTRS2011

Combining Space-Based and In-Situ Measurements to Track Flooding in Thailand

We describe efforts to integrate in-situ sensing, space-borne sensing, hydrological modeling, active control of sensing, and automatic data product generation to enhance monitoring and management of flooding. In our approach, broad coverage sensors and missions such as MODIS, TRMM, and weather satellite information and in-situ weather and river gauging information are all inputs to track flooding via river basin and sub-basin hydrological models. While these inputs can provide significant information as to the major flooding, targetable space measurements can provide better spatial resolution measurements of flooding extent. In order to leverage such assets we automatically task observations in response to automated analysis indications of major flooding. These new measurements are automatically processed and assimilated with the other flooding data. We describe our ongoing efforts to deploy this system to track major flooding events in Thailand.

Flooding↗

NASA NTRS2018

Status of and Scientific Results from the ISIS-I Topside Digital Ionogram Data Enhancement Project

topside ionosphere↗

NASA NTRS2018

Enhancing the ISIS-I Topside Digital Ionogram Database

Selected original analog telemetry tapes from three of the topside-sounder satellites of theInternational Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program, namely Alouette 2, ISIS I, and ISIS II, wereused in an earlier project to produce more than Â½ million digital topside ionograms; the resulting digitaltopside ionograms from ISIS II were used to produce more than 86,000 globally distributed vertical topsideionospheric electron density profiles Ne(h) that cover a time span of more than a solar cycle. These Ne(h) wereproduced using the Topside Ionogram Scaler with True height algorithm auto-scaling software. Beforeattempting to automatically process Alouette-2 or ISIS-I ionograms, a data-enhancement project wasinitiated so as to increase the number of ionograms suitable for manual scaling and to increase theauto-processing success rate. These enhancements were mainly to correct problems that often occurredduring the analog-to-digital conversion of the original telemetry tapes. Here we illustrate the improvementsmade to the ISIS-I digital topside ionograms and compare Ne values at the satellite altitude and Ne(h)profiles, based on the manual scaling of selected ionograms, to both the auto-scaled values and thepredictions of the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 model. The results indicate the need to improvethe available auto-processing software for the new ISIS-I digital ionograms and that International ReferenceIonosphere 2016 predicts midlatitude winter topside Ne values that are too high in the late morning andat noon but too low in the early morning.

Benson, Robert F.↗

NASA NTRS2015

Manual Asset Inventory: NASA Kennedy Space Center

The National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration (NASA) relies in the security and protection of the information and information systems to know the devices that are connected to the Agency networks whether these are business, mission, research, or engineering devices. The Agency uses different Information Technology resources in order to do this process automatically, however, there are some devices that need to be reported manually. As a result of this, every month the Agency distributes among its Information System Owners (ISOs) the Manual Asset Inventory, a document that consists of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with twenty field descriptions cells that has to be filled out by the ISO of every Security Plan in the Center [fifty three in total] and uploaded into the IT Security Enterprise Data Warehouse (ITSEC-EDW).

Presentation↗

NASA NTRS2020

Automated Cardiovascular Pathology Assessment using Semantic Segmentation and Ensemble Learning

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides high spatial resolution, enabling improved extraction of important functional and morphological features for cardiovascular disease staging. Segmentation of ventricular cavities and myocardium in cardiac cine sequencing provides a basis to quantify cardiac measures such as ejection fraction. A method is presented that curtails the expense and observer bias of manual cardiac evaluation by combining semantic segmentation and disease classification into a fully automatic processing pipeline. The initial processing element consists of a robust dilated convolutional neural network architecture for voxel-wise segmentation of the myocardium and ventricular cavities. The resulting comprehensive volumetric feature matrix captures diagnostic clinical procedure data and is utilized by the final processing element to model a cardiac pathology classifier. Our approach evaluated anonymized cardiac images from a training data set of 100 patients (4 pathology groups, 1 healthy group, 20 patients per group) examined at the University Hospital of Dijon. The top average Dice index scores achieved were 0.940, 0.886, 0.849 for structure segmentation of the left ventricle (LV), myocardium and right ventricle (RV) respectively. A 5-ary pathology classification accuracy of 90% was recorded on an independent test set using the trained model. Performance results demonstrate potential for advanced machine learning methods to deliver accurate, efficient and reproducible cardiac pathological assessment.

Semantic Segmentation↗

NASA NTRS2018

Automated Semantic Segmentation for Volumetric Cardiovascular Feature Quantification and Pathology Assessment

We present a pipeline method that curtails the expense and observer bias of manual cardiac evaluation by combining semantic segmentation and disease classification as a fully automatic processing pipeline. The initial element consists of a 2D U-Net convolutional neural network architecture for voxel-wise segmentation of the myocardium and ventricular cavities. The results of the segmentation were used to compute a comprehensive volumetric feature matrix that captured diagnostic clinical procedure data and that was used to model a cardiac pathology classifier.Our approach evaluated anonymized parasternal MRI cardiac images from a database of 100 patients (4 pathology groups, 1 healthy group, 20 patients per group) examined at the University Hospital of Dijon. We achieved top average Dice index scores of 0.939, 0.849, 0.886 for structure segmentation of the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV) and myocardium respectively. A 5-ary pathology classification accuracy of 90% was recorded on an independent test set using our trained model.

Lindsey, Tony↗

DOE OSTI2024

GrayQb: A Radiological Contamination Locating and Mapping Tool

Benefits Technology Overview Easy to operate • Self-contained unit for imaging – no special power, cooling or handling requirements • Standard color camera, easy to use gamma camera and reader • Software automatically processes images, sliders to adjust intensity display • Lightweight – less than 5 lbs. without additional background shielding

Timmons, Daren↗

NASA NTRS1994

Using AI Planning Techniques to Automatically Generate Image Processing Procedures: A Preliminary Report

This paper describes work on the Multimission VICAR Planner (MVP) system to automatically construct executable image processing procedures for custom image processing requests for the JPL Multimission Image Processing Lab (MIPL). This paper focuses on two issues. First, large search spaces caused by complex plans required the use of hand encoded control information. In order to address this in a manner similar to that used by human experts, MVP uses a decomposition-based planner to implement hierarchical/skeletal planning at the higher level and then uses a classical operator based planner to solve subproblems in contexts defined by the high-level decomposition.

Laboratory MIPL VICAR artificial intelligence AI↗

NASA NTRS2000

A dual-task investigation of automaticity in visual word processing

An analysis of activation models of visual word processing suggests that frequency-sensitive forms of lexical processing should proceed normally while unattended. This hypothesis was tested by having participants perform a speeded pitch discrimination task followed by lexical decisions or word naming. As the stimulus onset asynchrony between the tasks was reduced, lexical-decision and naming latencies increased dramatically. Word-frequency effects were additive with the increase, indicating that frequency-sensitive processing was subject to postponement while attention was devoted to the other task. Either (a) the same neural hardware shares responsibility for lexical processing and central stages of choice reaction time task processing and cannot perform both computations simultaneously, or (b) lexical processing is blocked in order to optimize performance on the pitch discrimination task. Either way, word processing is not as automatic as activation models suggest.

Attention↗

NASA NTRS1987

Digital signal processing algorithms for automatic voice recognition

The current digital signal analysis algorithms are investigated that are implemented in automatic voice recognition algorithms. Automatic voice recognition means, the capability of a computer to recognize and interact with verbal commands. The digital signal is focused on, rather than the linguistic, analysis of speech signal. Several digital signal processing algorithms are available for voice recognition. Some of these algorithms are: Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), Short-time Fourier Analysis, and Cepstrum Analysis. Among these algorithms, the LPC is the most widely used. This algorithm has short execution time and do not require large memory storage. However, it has several limitations due to the assumptions used to develop it. The other 2 algorithms are frequency domain algorithms with not many assumptions, but they are not widely implemented or investigated. However, with the recent advances in the digital technology, namely signal processors, these 2 frequency domain algorithms may be investigated in order to implement them in voice recognition. This research is concerned with real time, microprocessor based recognition algorithms.

Botros, Nazeih M.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Automatic Control of Arc Process for Making Carbon Nanotubes

An automatic-control system has been devised for a process in which carbon nanotubes are produced in an arc between a catalyst-filled carbon anode and a graphite cathode. The control system includes a motor-driven screw that adjusts the distance between the electrodes. The system also includes a bridge circuit that puts out a voltage proportional to the difference between (1) the actual value of potential drop across the arc and (2) a reference value between 38 and 40 V (corresponding to a current of about 100 A) at which the yield of carbon nanotubes is maximized. Utilizing the fact that the potential drop across the arc increases with the interelectrode gap, the output of the bridge circuit is fed to a motor-control circuit that causes the motor to move the anode toward or away from the cathode if the actual potential drop is more or less, respectively, than the reference potential. Thus, the system regulates the interelectrode gap to maintain the optimum potential drop. The system also includes circuitry that records the potential drop across the arc and the relative position of the anode holder as function of time.

Scott, Carl D.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Distributed automatic control of technological processes in conditions of weightlessness

Some problems associated with the automatic control of liquid metal and plasma systems under conditions of weightlessness are examined, with particular reference to the problem of stability of liquid equilibrium configurations. The theoretical fundamentals of automatic control of processes in electrically conducting continuous media are outlined, and means of using electromagnetic fields for simulating technological processes in a space environment are discussed.

Kukhtenko, A. I.↗