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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

DUNE DAQ R&D integration in ProtoDUNE Single-Phase at CERN

The DAQ system of ProtoDUNE-SP successfully proved its design principles and met the requirements of the beam run of 2018. The technical design of the DAQ system for the DUNE experiment has major differences compared to the prototype due to different requirements placed on the detector, as well as a radically different location of operation. The single-phase prototype at CERN is a major integration facility for R&D aspects of the DUNE DAQ system. The facility allows for the exploration of additional data processing capabilities and optimization of the FELIX system, which is the chosen TPC readout solution for the DUNE single-phase detectors. One of the fundamental differences from the prototype is that the DUNE DAQ relies on self-triggering. Therefore, real-time processing of the data stream for hit and trigger primitive finding is essential for the requirement of continuous readout. The supernova burst trigger requires a large and fast buffering technique, where 3D XPoint persistent memory solutions are evaluated and integrated. In order to maximize resource utilization of the FELIX hosting servers, the elimination of the 100 Gb network communication stack is desired. This implies the design and development of a single-host application layer, which is a fundamental element of the self-triggering chain. This paper discusses the evaluation and integration of these developments for the DUNE DAQ, in the ProtoDUNE environment.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

GEM detectors for the CMS endcap muon system: status of three new detector stations

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or Phase-2 LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5–7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140–200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing (Pile-up or PU). To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background, the forward part of the Muon Spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) detectors. A first GEM station (GE1/1) was installed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019–2021), a 2 nd station (GE2/1) of Triple-GEM detectors will be installed in winter 2023–24 and 2024–25, while a new 6-layer station (ME0) will be installed in the third Long Shutdown (LS3, 2026–2028). GE11 is considered an early Phase-2 upgrade as it will reduce the p T threshold by combining GEM and Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) hits in the forward muon system at twice the LHC design luminosity ($\mathcal{L}$ = 2 · 10 34 cm -2 s -1 , 50 PU). After a successful start of Run-3 in 2022, with almost 40 fb -1 collected, the commissioning of the GE1/1 detector is nearly complete. Most chambers are operated stably with an efficiency in excess of 95%, next being the demonstration of the combined CSC-GEM trigger in 2023. The lessons learnt with the first large-area GEM station have lead to improvements in detector and electronics design for the Phase 2 detectors GE2/1 and ME0. This proceeding will discuss the progress made since last MPGD Conference (MPGD 2019), discussing the commissioning and early performance of GE1/1; the design improvements and start of construction of GE2/1; and the R&D currently ongoing for ME0.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1986

Calibration of the ISEE plasma composition experiment

The Plasma Composition experiment on the ISEE-1 satellite was designed to measure ions from 1 to 16 amu, at energies from near zero to 16 keV. The two nearly identical flight instruments were calibrated by means of preflight laboratory tests and in-flight data comparisons. This document presents most of the details of those efforts, with special emphasis on the low energy (0 to 100 eV) portion of the instrument response. The analysis of the instrument includes a ray-tracing calculation, which follows an ensemble of test particles through the detector.

Baugher, C. R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using coherent dipion photoproduction to image gold nuclei

Vector meson photoproduction offers the opportunity to image target nuclei. The two-dimensional Fourier transform d\sigma_{coherent}/dt d σ c o h e r e n t / d t of coherent vector meson photoproduction gives the two-dimensional distribution of interaction sites in the target. Since vector meson photoproduction occurs, at lowest order, via two-gluon exchange, this is sensitive to gluon shadowing. We present an analysis of \pi^+\pi^- π + π − photoproduction using data from the STAR detector and a study of d\sigma_{coherent}/dt d σ c o h e r e n t / d t , with an emphasis on probing the nuclear shape and its systematic uncertainties.

Klein, Spencer↗
DOE OSTI2023

IRIS-HEP Strategic Plan for the Next Phase of Software Upgrades for HL-LHC Physics

The quest to understand the fundamental building blocks of nature and their interactions is one of the oldest and most ambitious of human scientific endeavors. CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) represents a huge step forward in this quest. The discovery of the Higgs boson, the observation of exceedingly rare decays of $B$ mesons, and stringent constraints on many viable theories of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) demonstrate the great scientific value of the LHC physics program. The next phase of this global scientific project will be the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) which will collect data starting circa 2029 and continue through the 2030s. The primary science goal is to search for physics beyond the SM and, should it be discovered, to study its implications. In the HL-LHC era, the ATLAS and CMS experiments will record around 100 times as many collisions as were used to discover the Higgs boson (and at twice the energy). Both NSF and DOE are making large detector upgrade investments so the HL-LHC can operate in this high-rate environment. Similar investment in software R&D for acquiring, managing, processing and analyzing HL-LHC data is critical to maximize the return-on-investment in the upgraded accelerator and detectors. This report presents a strategic plan for a possible second 5-year funded phase (2023 through 2028) for the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics (IRIS-HEP) which will close remaining software and computing gaps to deliver HL-LHC science.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Planar Self-similar Antennas for Broadband Millimeter-Wave Measurements

Self-similar antennas offer extremely broadband functionality and easily scalable designs. Self-similar designs with a four-arm layout are also suited for dual polarization through excitations of opposing arms, although there has only been limited use of them for millimeter-wave detectors. These antennas have been used for measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which encompass a wide frequency range and are now actively focusing more on polarization anisotropies. Here, we analyze multiple planar self-similar antenna designs with simulations in high-frequency structure simulator and ongoing physical testing. They all exhibit broadband operation between 130 and 230 GHz and can couple to both linear polarizations through the previously mentioned four-arm symmetry. Furthermore, simulations include each antenna design coupled to an extended hemispherical, AR-coated lenslet. From these, a basic bowtie-like arm design produced minimal polarization wobble with moderate beam efficiency, while a hybrid trapezoidal design provided high beam efficiency with small polarization wobble. Current fabrication versions of each are being tested, coupled to multichroic microwave kinetic inductance detectors. These planar self-similar antennas, when implemented in CMB and other detectors, could improve observations while simultaneously simplifying fabrication and detector layout.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1971

Radiant energy absorption enhancement in optical imaging systems

Reimaging system efficiently uses incident light and overcomes previous imaging detector problems. Optical system collects reflected and focal plane transmitted light and redirects it so it again impinges on focal plane in register with original image. Reimaging unabsorbed light increases light absorption and detector use probability.

Brown, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

On-board radiometric preprocessing for multispectral linear arrays /MLA/

A program that was undertaken to design, fabricate, and test a real-time hardwired data preprocessor is described, which applies a calibration normalization to each detector in a 576-element linear photodiode array. Various calibration problems were uncovered, such as those (1) due to system noise in recording the calibration tables, or (2) due to thermal drift and (3) due to the original quantization process. It was determined that in this experiment, noise and thermal drift led to fixed errors in the normalization of responses on the order of + or - 10 counts, out of 255 counts for many of the detectors.

Thompson, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Cosmic ray antimatter and baryon symmetric cosmology

The relative merits and difficulties of the primary and secondary origin hypotheses for the observed cosmic-ray antiprotons, including the new low-energy measurement of Buffington, et al. We conclude that the cosmic-ray antiproton data may be evidence for antimatter galaxies and baryon symmetric cosmology. The present bar P data are consistent with a primary extragalactic component having /p=/equiv 1+/- 3.2/0.7x10 = to the -4 independent of energy. We propose that the primary extragalactic cosmic ray antiprotons are most likely from active galaxies and that expected disintegration of bar alpha/alpha ban alpha/alpha. We further predict a value for ban alpha/alpha =/equiv 10 to the -5, within range of future cosmic ray detectors.

Stecker, F. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Development of a multistep detector for X-ray astronomy

The addition of a preamplification region is shown to dramatically improve the performance of a standard multiwire proportional counter (MWPC). This improvement is a direct consequence of effecting a large degree of preamplification in a perfectly uniform electric field and then transferring a well defined portion of this charge to a MWPC running at a modest gain. In this way, very large overall gas gains can be achieved without compromising energy resolution. The resulting device is known as a multistep detector.

Ramsey, B. D.↗
NASA NTRS1987

HEAO 1 hard X-ray observations of three Abell clusters of galaxies

The results of an analysis of the HEAO 1 hard X-ray measurements of the Coma, A1367, and A2319 galactic clusters are presented. All three clusters have been observed to have diffuse, extended radio emission in their central regions. The results are analyzed together with radio measurements to determine the energetic electron density and the strength of the mean intracluster magnetic field in these clusters. The results show that there is no clear evidence for nonthermal flux in the spectra of the three clusters at the sensitivity limit of the low energy detectors used.

Rephaeli, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Large-format electrographic and array detectors for a space Schmidt imaging telescope

Possible optical designs of imaging detectors for the spaceborne Schmidt telescope proposed by Carruthers et al. (1990) are discussed, surveying the currently or potentially available technology. Consideration is given to FUV electrographic detectors of large format (e.g., 120 mm with 10-micron resolution) using CsI photocathodes, the possible extension of the same technology to the mid-UV using Cs2Te instead of CsI, large CCD arrays for the visible and NIR, electron-bombarded CCDs for the FUV and mid-UV, and the data handling and processing requirements of these detectors.

Carruthers, George R.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Polymer-Ceramic Composite Materials for Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors: An Overview

Ferroelectrics:Polymer composites can be considered an established substitute for conventional electroceramics and ferroelectric polymers. The composites have a unique blend of polymeric properties such as mechanical flexibility, high strength, formability, and low cost, with the high electro-active properties of ceramic materials. They have attracted considerable interest because of their potential use in pyroelectric infrared detecting devices and piezoelectric transducers. These flexible sensors and transducers may eventually be useful for their health monitoring applications for NASA crew launch vehicles and crew exploration vehicles being developed. In the light of many technologically important applications in this field, it is worthwhile to present an overview of the pyroelectric infrared detector theory, models to predict dielectric behavior and pyroelectric coefficient, and the concept of connectivity and fabrication techniques of biphasic composites. An elaborate review of Pyroelectric-Polymer composite materials investigated to date for their potential use in pyroelectric infrared detectors is presented.

Aggarwal, M. D↗
DOE OSTI2024

Full Simulation of CMS for Run-3 and Phase-2

In this contribution we report the status of the CMS Geant4 simulation and the prospects for Run-3 and Phase-2. Firstly, we report about our experience during the start of Run-3 with Geant4 10.7.2, the common software package DD4hep for geometry description, and VecGeom runtime geometry library. In addition, FTFP_BERT_EMM Physics List and CMS configuration for tracking in magnetic field have been utilized. For the first time, for the Grid mass production of Monte-Carlo, this combination of components is used. Further simulation improvements are under development targeting Run-3 such as the switch to the new Geant4 11.1 in production, that provides several features important for the optimization of simulation, for example the new transportation process with built-in multiple scattering, neutron general process, custom tracking manager, G4HepEm sub-library, and others. We will present evaluation of various options, validation results, and the final choice of simulation configuration for 2023 production and beyond. The performance of the CMS full simulation for Run-2 and Run-3 will also be discussed. CMS development plan for the Phase-2 Geant4 based simulation is very ambitious, and it includes a new geometry description, physics, and simulation configurations. The progress on new detector descriptions and full simulation will be presented as well as the R&D in progress to reduce compute capacity needs.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

FY 2019 Site-Directed Research & Development (Annual Report Overview)

This overview of the Fiscal Year 2019 Site-Directed Research & Development program and the Nevada National Security Site contains information regarding the program’s history and growth, leadership, project selection process, present areas of research, highlights of significant accomplishments and awards, noteworthy people, and performance metrics.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗