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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

Possible applications of atomic frequency standards with an internal high resolution digital synthesizer

The applications of Atomic Frequency Standards with an internal synthesizer (thereafter referred as 'Synthesized Frequency Standards or Oscillators') with a special emphasis on the Rb oscillator are reviewed. A fractional frequency synthesizer, developed by SEPA, was incorporated in the Frequency Locked Loop of a TFL Rubidium Frequency Standard. This combination allows a frequency settability in steps of 1.5 x 10(exp -12) (optional 1 x 10(exp -13) over a range of 6 x 10(exp -9) without having to resort to change the C-field to tune the output frequency of the device. This capability, coupled to the excellent short term stability of the Rb frequency standard, opens new possibilities for time and frequency users in the various fields (time metrology, navigation, communication, etc.) in which stable frequency standards find their application.

Detoma, E.↗
NASA NTRS2014

A Space Data System Standard for Telerobotic Operations

The Telerobotics Working Group of the Mission Operations and Information Management Services Area of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems is drafting a document that will help bound the scope of an eventual international standard for telerobotic operations services. This paper will present the work in progress and provide background for how the international community is beginning to define standards in telerobotic operations that will help ensure the success of complex missions to explore beyond Earth orbit.

Mittman, David S.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Best Practices for Nuclear Experiment Data Preservation at Idaho National Laboratory: A Guide for Researchers and Reactor Operators

Preserving experimental data is essential for supporting advancements in nuclear science and ensuring the longevity of Idaho National Laboratory's contributions to reactor technology and safety. This report provides a comprehensive guide to best practices for experimental data management and preservation, focusing on standardized data formats, redundancy in storage, metadata documentation, and alignment with international standards. By following these recommendations, experimentalists and reactor operators can enhance the accessibility, reproducibility, and utility of critical datasets for regulatory review, validation computational methods, and future research.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2008

X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study of Coating Thickness and Base Metal Composition

For electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) parts to be approved for space use, they must be able to meet safety standards approved by NASA. A fast, reliable, and precise method is needed to make sure these standards are met. Many EEE parts are coated in gold (Au) and nickel (Ni), and the thickness coating is crucial to a part s performance. A nondestructive method that is efficient in measuring coating thickness is x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The XRF spectrometer is a machine designed to measure layer thickness and composition of single or multilayered samples. By understanding the limitations in the collection of the data by this method, accurate composition and thickness measurements can be obtained for samples with Au and Ni coatings. To understand the limitations of data found, measurements were taken with the XRF spectrometer and compared to true values of standard reference materials (SRM) that were National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable. For every sample, six different parameters were varied to understand measurement error: coating/substrate combination, number of layers, counting interval, collimator size, coating thickness, and test area location. Each measurement was taken in accordance with standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standard B 568.

Rolin, T. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Panel C report: Standards needed for the use of ISO Open Systems Interconnection - basic reference model

The use of an International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model and its relevance to interconnecting an Applications Data Service (ADS) pilot program for data sharing is discussed. A top level mapping between the conjectured ADS requirements and identified layers within the OSI Reference Model was performed. It was concluded that the OSI model represents an orderly architecture for the ADS networking planning and that the protocols being developed by the National Bureau of Standards offer the best available implementation approach.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2020

NREL's Improved Linearity Testing of Photovoltaic Reference Cells

Photovoltaic devices are characterized under standard testing conditions that include a defined reference spectrum and total irradiance. International standards for reference cell calibrations require that reported reference cell response (typically Isc) vs. total irradiance must be linear. How can linearity be efficiently determined? In 2006 NREL developed a test bed, based on the "two-lamp method" that provided a low cost, but low accuracy method for determining whether cell response was linear with irradiance. This paper describes very simple changes to NREL's historical method [1] for determining linearity that yield greatly improved results. It also describes a method that can be used to quantify and correct for non-linearity.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗
NASA NTRS2007

Effects of RAM Exposure on a Low Earth Orbit BroadBand Radiometer (BBR): CERES Experience and Implications for EarthCARE

In order to best detect real changes in the Earth's climate system it is estimated that space based instrumentation measuring the global Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) must remain calibrated with a stability of 0.3% per decade. This level of stability is beyond the specified accuracy of existing ERB programs such as the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES, using three broadband radiometric scanning channels: the shortwave (SW 0.3 - 5?m), total (0.3 - >100 micron), and window (8 - 12 micron)). When in low earth orbit, it has been shown that optical response to blue-UV radiance can be reduced significantly (> 3%) due to UV hardened contaminants deposited on the surface of the optics. Evidence suggests that exposure of telescope optics to the forward looking ram direction is the primary cause of this contamination build up. With typical onboard calibration lamps emitting very low energy in the blue-UV region, this darkening is not directly measurable using standard internal calibration techniques. This paper describes a study using a model of ram exposure induced contaminant deposition and darkening, in conjunction standard established in-flight vicarious and internal calibration techniques to derive the spectral shape of the darkening to which a broadband instrument is subjected. The results of the model when applied to the CERES instruments are shown. These findings are of great importance to the EarthCARE project, whose BBR uses one broadband telescope permanently looking forward at 45 degrees, with continual exposure to the ram direction. Specific attention may therefore be needed in the design of BBR optics and on-board calibration in order to prevent or compensate for the spectral darkening seen in the CERES project.

Matthews, Grant↗
NASA NTRS2010

Preface: International Reference Ionosphere - Progress in Ionospheric Modelling

The international reference ionosphere (lRI) is the internationally recommended empirical model for the specification of ionospheric parameters supported by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) and recognized by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). IRI is being continually improved by a team of international experts as new data become available and better models are being developed. This issue chronicles the latest phase of model updates as reported during two IRI-related meetings. The first was a special session during the Scientific Assembly of the Committee of Space Research (COSPAR) in Montreal, Canada in July 2008 and the second was an IRI Task Force Activity at the US Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs in May 2009. This work led to several improvements and additions of the model which will be included in the next version, IRI-201O. The issue is divided into three sections focusing on the improvements made in the topside ionosphere, the F-peak, and the lower ionosphere, respectively. This issue would not have been possible without the reviewing efforts of many individuals. Each paper was reviewed by two referees. We thankfully acknowledge the contribution to this issue made by the following reviewers: Jacob Adeniyi, David Altadill, Eduardo Araujo, Feza Arikan, Dieter Bilitza, Jilijana Cander, Bela Fejer, Tamara Gulyaeva, Manuel Hermindez-Pajares, Ivan Kutiev, John MacDougal, Leo McNamara, Bruno Nava, Olivier Obrou, Elijah Oyeyemi, Vadym Paznukhov, Bodo Reinisch, John Retterer, Phil Richards, Gary Sales, J.H. Sastri, Ludger Scherliess, Iwona Stanislavska, Stamir Stankov, Shin-Yi Su, Manlian Zhang, Y ongliang Zhang, and Irina Zakharenkova. We are grateful to Peggy Ann Shea for her final review and guidance as the editor-in-chief for special issues of Advances in Space Research. We thank the authors for their timely submission and their quick response to the reviewer comments and humbly apologize for any delays in the editing process.

Bilitza Dieter↗
DOE OSTI2024

Importance of standard terminology in surface chemical analysis: ISO 18115-1:2023, general terms and terms used in spectroscopy

The International Standard ISO 18115-1 on terminology in surface chemical analysis has been revised with clarifications, modifications, and deletions to more than 70 terms and with the addition of more than 50 terms in response to trends, issues, and needs identified by the surface analysis community. This revision adds terminology and concepts associated with emerging methods such as atom probe tomography, near ambient pressure XPS, and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It includes 25 new and revised terms to ensure that the description of resolution is consistent across all surface analysis methods. The 630 terms in the document cover words or phrases used in describing the samples, instruments, and concepts involved in surface chemical analysis. Here, the terms have been collated into subject specific sections to ensure that related terms can be found easily.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2013

AeroMACS System Characterization and Demonstrations

This The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is being developed to provide a new broadband wireless communications capability for safety critical communications in the airport surface domain, providing connectivity to aircraft and other ground vehicles as well as connections between other critical airport fixed assets. AeroMACS development has progressed from requirements definition through technology definition, prototype deployment and testing, and now into national and international standards development. The first prototype AeroMACS system has been deployed at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) and the adjacent NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). During the past 3 years, extensive technical testing has taken place to characterize the performance of the AeroMACS prototype and provide technical support for the standards development process. The testing has characterized AeroMACS link and network performance over a variety of conditions for both fixed and mobile data transmission and has included basic system performance testing and fixed and mobile applications testing. This paper provides a summary of the AeroMACS performance testing and the status of standardization activities that the testing supports.

Kerczewski, Robert J.↗
NASA NTRS2013

AeroMACS System Characterization and Demonstrations

The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is being developed to provide a new broadband wireless communications capability for safety critical communications in the airport surface domain, providing connectivity to aircraft and other ground vehicles as well as connections between other critical airport fixed assets. AeroMACS development has progressed from requirements definition through technology definition, prototype deployment and testing, and now into national and international standards development. The first prototype AeroMACS system has been deployed at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) and the adjacent NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). During the past three years, extensive technical testing has taken place to characterize the performance of the AeroMACS prototype and provide technical support for the standards development process. The testing has characterized AeroMACS link and network performance over a variety of conditions for both fixed and mobile data transmission and has included basic system performance testing and fixed and mobile applications testing. This paper provides a summary of the AeroMACS performance testing and the status of standardization activities that the testing supports.

Kerczewski, Robert J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs

Environmental concerns over waste plastics’ effect on the environment are leading to the creation of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics may serve as a promising approach to manage the issue of environmental accumulation of plastic waste in the ocean and soil. Biodegradable plastics are the type of polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms into small molecules (e.g., H 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 ). However, there are misconceptions surrounding biodegradable plastics. For example, the term “biodegradable” on product labeling can be misconstrued by the public to imply that the product will degrade under any environmental conditions. Such misleading information leads to consumer encouragement of excessive consumption of certain goods and increased littering of products labeled as “biodegradable”. Here this review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art biodegradable plastics but also clarifies the definitions and various terms associated with biodegradable plastics, including oxo-degradable plastics, enzyme-mediated plastics, and biodegradation agents. Analytical techniques and standard test methods to evaluate the biodegradability of polymeric materials in alignment with international standards are summarized. The review summarizes the properties and industrial applications of previously developed biodegradable plastics and then discusses how biomass-derived monomers can create new types of biodegradable polymers by utilizing their unique chemical properties from oxygen-containing functional groups. The terminology and methodologies covered in the paper provide a perspective on directions for the design of new biodegradable polymers that possess not only advanced performance for practical applications but also environmental benefits.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1991

Guideline requirements for serviceable spacecraft grasping/berthing/docking interfaces based on simulations and flight experience

The described efforts support a NASA Space Assembly and Servicing Working Group activity to draft guideline interface standards. The general requirements are to provide a simple, reliable, and durable system. Interface requirements developed include lateral position offset, axial and lateral velocities, and angular misalignment. A survey of concepts and simulation studies of spacecraft docking, existing docking/end effector performance criteria, and space proven, qualified docking data was conducted and evaluated, in order to provide recommended mechanical interface guidelines and interface tolerances for manual and autonomous capture operations. The criterion for the selection of the guidelines was maximum capability to handle malfunctions. Originally the guidelines for a zero velocity docking were considered to be covered within the grasping/berthing definition. It is acknowledged that perhaps a separate category needs to be established for this operation. The draft standard was delivered to the AIAA for review, revision, and issuance as the first U.S. national standard guideline on interfaces. The intent is to develop the guidelines into an International Standards Organization standard.

Thompson, Allen B.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Definition of spacecraft standard interfaces by the NASA Space Assembly and Servicing Working Group (SASWG)

The purpose of the NASA Space Assembly and Servicing Working Group (SASWG) is to study enabling technologies for on-orbit spacecraft maintenance and servicing. One key technology required for effective space logistics activity is the development of standard spacecraft interfaces, including the 'Basic Set' defined by NASA, the U.S. Space Command, and industry panelists to be the following: (1) navigation aids; (2) grasping, berthing, and docking; and (3) utility connections for power, data, and fluids. Draft standards have been prepared and referred to professional standards organizations, including the AIAA, EIA, and SAE space standards committee. The objective of the SASWG is to support these committees with the technical expertise required to prepare standards, guidelines, and recommended practices which will be accepted by the ANSI and international standards organizations, including the ISO, IEC, and PASC.

Radtke, Robert↗
NASA NTRS2012

Historical Evolution of NASA Standard Materials Testing with Hypergolic Propellants and Ammonia (NASA Standard 6001 Test 15)

The NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) has performed testing of hazardous and reactive aerospace fluids, including hypergolic propellants, with materials since the 1960s with the Apollo program. Amongst other test activities, Test 15 is a NASA standard test for evaluating the reactivity of materials with selected aerospace fluids, in particular hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, uns-dimethylhydrazine, Aerozine 50, dinitrogen tetroxide oxidizers, and ammonia. This manuscript provides an overview of the history of Test 15 over a timeline ranging from prior to its development and first implementation as a NASA standard test in 1974 to its current refinement. Precursor documents to NASA standard tests, as they are currently known, are reviewed. A related supplementary test, international standardization, and enhancements to Test 15 are also discussed. Because WSTF was instrumental in the development and implementation of Test 15, WSTF experience and practices are referred to in this manuscript.

Greene, Benjamin↗
NASA NTRS1993

The standards process: Technical committee X3B5 digital magnetic tape

The definition of X3B5, where it fits in the national and international standards development process, and how it interfaces and influences the world community of standards developers are provided. Details concerning the focus of the committee, how it operates, and what the group sees as the future trends in the area of interchange standards utilizing the multifaceted, ubiquitous magnetic tape are presented.

Cheatham, Sam↗
DOE OSTI2020

Calcium fluoride as a dominating matrix for quantitative analysis by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): A feasibility study

Here, calcium fluoride formed by the reaction between ammonium bifluoride and calcium chloride was investigated as a dominating matrix for quantitative analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Transformation from a solid sample to the calcium fluoride-based matrix permitted quantitative analysis based on calibration standards made from elemental standards. A low abundance stable calcium isotope, i.e. 44 Ca + , was monitored as the internal standard for quantitative analysis by LA-ICP-MS. Correlation coefficient factors for multiple elements were obtained with values over 0.999. The results for multiple elements in a certified reference material of soil (NIST SRM 2710a) agreed with the certified values in the range of expanded uncertainty, indicating the present method was valid for quantitation of elements in solid samples.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1991

Networking standards

The enterprise network is currently a multivendor environment consisting of many defacto and proprietary standards. During the 1990s, these networks will evolve towards networks which are based on international standards in both Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) space. Also, you can expect to see the higher level functions and applications begin the same transition. Additional information is given in viewgraph form.

Davies, Mark↗