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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Application of remote sensing technology to land evaluation, planning utilization of land resources, and assessment of wildlife areas in eastern South Dakota

A soils map for land evaluation in Potter County (Eastern South Dakota) was developed to demonstrate the use of remote sensing technology in the area of diverse parent materials and topography. General land use and soils maps have also been developed for land planning LANDSAT, RB-57 imagery, and USGS photographs are being evaluated for making soils and land use maps. LANDSAT fulfilled the requirements for general land use and a general soils map. RB-57 imagery supplemented by large scale black and white stereo coverage was required to provide the detail needed for the final soils map for land evaluation. Color infrared prints excelled black and white coverage for this soil mapping effort. An identification and classification key for wetland types in the Lake Dakota Plain was developed for June 1975 using color infrared imagery. Wetland types in the region are now being mapped via remote sensing techniques to provide a current inventory for development of mitigation measures.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Demonstration of the feasibility of automated silicon solar cell fabrication

A study effort was undertaken to determine the process, steps and design requirements of an automated silicon solar cell production facility. Identification of the key process steps was made and a laboratory model was conceptually designed to demonstrate the feasibility of automating the silicon solar cell fabrication process. A detailed laboratory model was designed to demonstrate those functions most critical to the question of solar cell fabrication process automating feasibility. The study and conceptual design have established the technical feasibility of automating the solar cell manufacturing process to produce low cost solar cells with improved performance. Estimates predict an automated process throughput of 21,973 kilograms of silicon a year on a three shift 49-week basis, producing 4,747,000 hexagonal cells (38mm/side), a total of 3,373 kilowatts at an estimated manufacturing cost of $0.866 per cell or $1.22 per watt.

Taylor, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A Study of the Relation Between Crop Growth and Spectra Reflectance Parameters

A differential equation describing the temporal behavior of greenness, G(t), with time was developed. The basic equation, dG(t)/dt=k(t)(1-G/G sub m) where G sub m is the saturation value of greenness at time, t sub p. It demonstrated that k(t) is linearly proportional to the rate of change of leaf area index. It was also demonstrated that G sub m, t sub p and profile width, are the key to vegetation identification and that the inflection points of the profile are related to the ontogenic state of the plant. These profile features were shown to hold not only throughout the United States corn/soybean growing area, but for the first time in Argentina. A mathematical technique that maximizes the sensitivity of spectral transformation to Leaf Area Index and simultaneously minimizes the sensitivity to all other variables was formulated. Initial results on corn and wheat were obtained.

Badhwar, G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Earth based approaches to enhancing the health and safety of space operations

This paper provides an overview of the current state of our earth based knowledge of space safety hazards; identification of several key areas of concern for space operations; and proposed approaches to providing technology enhancement and information needed to improve the health and safety to those conducting space operations. Included are a review of the identified hazards for space oeprations by hazard classification; a summarization of the information currently available on space experiences and an assessment of potential hazards for long duration spaceflight; a discussion of potential failure modes and their significance for Space Station work: and an assessment of current work which indicates additional research and experimentation which can only be accomplished in actual space missions.

Koller, A. M., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The interactive digital video interface

A frequent complaint in the computer oriented trade journals is that current hardware technology is progressing so quickly that software developers cannot keep up. A example of this phenomenon can be seen in the field of microcomputer graphics. To exploit the advantages of new mechanisms of information storage and retrieval, new approaches must be made towards incorporating existing programs as well as developing entirely new applications. A particular area of need is the correlation of discrete image elements to textural information. The interactive digital video (IDV) interface embodies a new concept in software design which addresses these needs. The IDV interface is a patented device and language independent process for identifying image features on a digital video display and which allows a number of different processes to be keyed to that identification. Its capabilities include the correlation of discrete image elements to relevant text information and the correlation of these image features to other images as well as to program control mechanisms. Sophisticated interrelationships can be set up between images, text, and program control mechanisms.

Doyle, Michael D.↗
NASA NTRS2004

An Approach to Tailoring Major Technical Reviews Based on Project Characteristics and Stakeholder Interests

There are numerous technical reviews that occur throughout the systems engineering process life cycle. Many are well known by project managers and stakeholders such as developers and end users, an example of much is the critical design review (CDR). This major milestone for a large, complex new project may last two or more days, include an extensive agenda of topics, and entail hundreds of hours of developer time to prepare presentation materials and associated documents. Additionally, the weeks of schedule spent on review preparation is at least partly at the expense of other work. This paper suggests an approach for tailoring technical reviews, based on the project characteristics and the project manager s identification of the key stakeholders and understanding of their most important issues and considerations. With this insight the project manager can communicate to, manage expectations oc and establish formal agreement with the stakeholders as to which reviews, and at what depth, are most appropriate to achieve project success. The authors, coming from diverse organizations and backgrounds, have drawn on their personal experiences and summarized the best practices of their own organizations to create a common framework to provide guidance on the adaptation of design reviews to other system engineers.

Richstein, Alan B.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Ultra-Low Noise HEMT Device Models: Application of On-Wafer Cryogenic Noise Analysis and Improved Parameter Extraction Techniques

Significant advances in the development of HEMT technology have resulted in high performance cryogenic low noise amplifiers whose noise temperatures are within an order of magnitude of the quantum noise limit. Key to the identification of optimum HEMT structures at cryogenic temperatures is the development of on-wafer noise and device parameter extraction techniques. Techniques and results are described.

electronic materials↗
NASA NTRS2008

Initial Integration of Noise Prediction Tools for Acoustic Scattering Effects

This effort provides an initial glimpse at NASA capabilities available in predicting the scattering of fan noise from a non-conventional aircraft configuration. The Aircraft NOise Prediction Program, Fast Scattering Code, and the Rotorcraft Noise Model were coupled to provide increased fidelity models of scattering effects on engine fan noise sources. The integration of these codes led to the identification of several keys issues entailed in applying such multi-fidelity approaches. In particular, for prediction at noise certification points, the inclusion of distributed sources leads to complications with the source semi-sphere approach. Computational resource requirements limit the use of the higher fidelity scattering code to predict radiated sound pressure levels for full scale configurations at relevant frequencies. And, the ability to more accurately represent complex shielding surfaces in current lower fidelity models is necessary for general application to scattering predictions. This initial step in determining the potential benefits/costs of these new methods over the existing capabilities illustrates a number of the issues that must be addressed in the development of next generation aircraft system noise prediction tools.

Nark, Douglas M.↗
NASA NTRS2010

NASA Applied Sciences Program

Goal 1: Enhance Applications Research Advance the use of NASA Earth science in policy making, resource management and planning, and disaster response. Key Actions: Identify priority needs, conduct applied research to generate innovative applications, and support projects that demonstrate uses of NASA Earth science. Goal 2: Increase Collaboration Establish a flexible program structure to meet diverse partner needs and applications objectives. Key Actions: Pursue partnerships to leverage resources and risks and extend the program s reach and impact. Goal 3:Accelerate Applications Ensure that NASA s flight missions plan for and support applications goals in conjunction with their science goals, starting with mission planning and extending through the mission life cycle. Key Actions: Enable identification of applications early in satellite mission lifecycle and facilitate effective ways to integrate end-user needs into satellite mission planning

Irwin, Daniel↗
NASA NTRS2011

The Quest for Organic Carbon on Mars

We are entering an era of Mars exploration in which organic carbon detection, characterization, and structural identification will be key to addressing some of the outstanding science objectives of the Mars Exploration Program. Success of these missions will depend on technical, scientific, and strategic elements--all of which are strongly determined based on terrestrial experience and knowledge of organic matter formation, concentration, and preservation. Analog studies including Precambrian sediments, modern endolithic communities, and experiments help us fine-tune these approaches, but we also need to expect the unexpected. This presentation will provide perspective on the challenges of detecting organic carbon on Mars, how we may achieve such detections with the in situ instruments, such as the SAM (Science Analysis at Mars) instrument suite onboard Curiosity, the rover for the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory mission.

Eigenbrode, Jennifer↗
NASA NTRS1980

Irrigation mapping in western Kansas using Landsat. I - Key parameters

The procedure used in the identification and mapping of irrigated lands in six counties of western Kansas is presented and key considerations for the identification of irrigated lands during the project are discussed. The procedure involved the compilation of a field-by-field map of irrigated lands on the basis of multi-date Landsat band 5 imagery, the entry of map data into a computer, and the retrieval of the data in the form of maps, tables and statistics. Comparison of the positional results of the image interpretation with statistical data for a single county was used to verify the mapping procedure, as accuracies of from 80-100% were obtained, depending on the type of crop. Considerations relevant to the identification of irrigated land on the basis of remote sensing data include the form of the final data, irrigation practices in the area, the soil moisture budget, the number and kinds of crops, the crop calendar, and the availability of usable imagery.

Poracsky, J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The status of parametric studies in radar agriculture

Outlined is an information system based on the use of remote sensor data and the design, testing, and implementation of interpretation keys for agriculture. The task of crop identification from radar imagery emphasizes dichotomous keys and the effects of frequency, angular and other microwave dependencies of crops for use in discrimination. A mosaic is formulated from imagery and used to study acres in wheat for spread of circular irrigation, spread of crops, and other phenomena.

Morain, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

On-orbit system identification overview

Parameter identification and modeling are key elements of a design and operational flight strategy for control of flexible space structures. The emphasis of the identification program is on on-orbit applications to spacecraft control. High performance robust controllers will result from advanced design synthesis techniques and on-orbit identification/system tuning. Near term goals for the program include development of an integrated on-line processing capability for flexible body parameter identification, and validation with physical structure experiments.

Mettler, Edward↗
NASA NTRS2011

Estimation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Models from Dynamic Wind Tunnel Data

Demanding aerodynamic modelling requirements for military and civilian aircraft have motivated researchers to improve computational and experimental techniques and to pursue closer collaboration in these areas. Model identification and validation techniques are key components for this research. This paper presents mathematical model structures and identification techniques that have been used successfully to model more general aerodynamic behaviours in single-degree-of-freedom dynamic testing. Model parameters, characterizing aerodynamic properties, are estimated using linear and nonlinear regression methods in both time and frequency domains. Steps in identification including model structure determination, parameter estimation, and model validation, are addressed in this paper with examples using data from one-degree-of-freedom dynamic wind tunnel and water tunnel experiments. These techniques offer a methodology for expanding the utility of computational methods in application to flight dynamics, stability, and control problems. Since flight test is not always an option for early model validation, time history comparisons are commonly made between computational and experimental results and model adequacy is inferred by corroborating results. An extension is offered to this conventional approach where more general model parameter estimates and their standard errors are compared.

Murphy, Patrick↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fermi -LAT follow-up observations in seven years of real-time high-energy neutrino alerts

The realtime program for high-energy neutrino track events detected by the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory releases alerts to the astronomical community with the goal of identifying electromagnetic counterparts to astrophysical neutrinos. Gamma-ray observations from theFermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) enabled the identification of the flaring gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 as a likely counterpart to the neutrino event IC-170922A. By continuously monitoring the gamma-ray sky,Fermi-LAT plays a key role in the identification of candidate counterparts to realtime neutrino alerts. In this paper, we present theFermi-LAT strategy for following up high-energy neutrino alerts applied to seven years of IceCube data. Right after receiving an alert, a search is performed in order to identify gamma-ray activity from known and newly detected sources that are positionally consistent with the neutrino localization. In this work, we study the population of blazars found in coincidence with high-energy neutrinos and compare them to the full population of gamma-ray blazars detected byFermi-LAT. We also evaluate the relationship between the neutrino and gamma-ray luminosities, finding different trends between the two blazar classes BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio quasars.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Distribution System Model Calibration for GMLC 3.3.3 "Incipient Failure Identification for Common Grid Asset Classes" - Project Summary

Distribution system model calibration is a key enabling task for incipient failure identification within the distribution system. This report summarizes the work and publications by Sandia National Laboratories on the GMLC project titled “Incipient Failure Identification for Common Grid Asset Classes”. This project was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, National Energy Technology Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The included work covers distribution system topology identification, transformer groupings, phase identification, regulator and tap position estimation, and the open-source release and implementation of the developed algorithms.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Lithium Storage Mechanisms and Electrochemical Behavior of a Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticle Anode

This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) as an anode in Li-ion batteries, focusing on the extra capacity phenomenon. Employing advanced characterization methods such as in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, the research unravels the complex structural and chemical evolution of MoS 2 throughout its cycling. A key discovery is the identification of a unique Li intercalation mechanism in MoS 2 , leading to the formation of reversible Li x MoS 2 phases that contribute to the extra capacity of the MoS 2 electrode. Density function theory calculations suggest the potential for overlithiation in MoS 2 , predicting Li 5 MoS 2 as the most energetically favorable phase within the lithiation–delithiation process. Additionally, the formation of a Li-rich phase on the surface of Li 4 MoS 2 is considered energetically advantageous. After the first discharge, the battery system engages in two main reactions. One involves operation as a Li-sulfur battery within the carbonate electrolyte, and the other is the reversible intercalation and deintercalation of Li in Li x MoS 2 . The latter reaction contributes to the extra capacity of the battery. The incorporation of reduced graphene oxide as a conductive additive in MoS 2 electrodes notably improves their rate capability and cycling stability.

Lithium Rich Phase↗