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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

The economic and social aspects of sanitary landfill site selection

The factors involved in the selection of suitable sites for sanitary land fills are discussed. The economic considerations and problems of social acceptance are considered the most important. The subjects discussed are: (1) accessibility of land, (2) availability of cover material, (3) expected capacity of site, (4) cover material and compaction, (5) fire protection, (6) site location with respect to residential and industrial areas, and (7) land usage after landfill completion.

Graff, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Capability of ERTS-1 imagery to investigate geological and structural features in a sedimentary basin (Bassin Parisien, France)

A preliminary study of the MSS imagery of a sedimentary basin whose structure is regular is reported. Crops and natural vegetation are distributed all over the site located under temperate climate. Ground data available concern plant species geology and tectonic and are correlated with results from ERTS 1 imagery. This comparison shows a good correlation. The main geological units are detected or enhanced by way of agricultural land use and/or natural vegetation. Alluvial deposits are outlined by vegetation grass land and poplar trees. Some spatial relationship of geostructures, suspected until now, are identified or extended in associating results from different spectral bands.

Cavelier, C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Reflectance of vegetation, soil, and water

The author has identified the following significant results. A ratio of MSS channels 5 and 7 (5/7) and 5 to 6 (5/6) signals resulted in a correct recognition of 86.9% of the members of representative crop and soil conditions, compared with recognitions of 60.0, 64.1, 74.1, and 81.4% for channels 4, 5, 6, and 7 taken individually. Based on this result a satellite channel ratio procedure has been developed that enhances line printer gray maps for more efficient experimental test site location in the CCT data. Because independent estimates are not available to judge acreage estmates derived from ERTS-1 data against, except for a few crops, an interpenetrating sample constituting 3.5% of the county is ground truthed periodically. The crop of land uses and their acreages, respectively, as estimated from the interpenetrating samples, are: cotton, 129, 714; sorghum, 182,783; mixed citrus, 53,954; oranges, 16,929; grapefruit, 13,863; rangeland, 137,845; and, improved pastures, 57.169.

Wiegand, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Deorbit targeting

The navigation and control of the space shuttle during atmospheric entry are discussed. A functional flow diagram presenting the basic approach to the deorbit targeting problem is presented. The major inputs to be considered are: (1) vehicle state vector, (2) landing site location, (3) entry interface parameters, (4) earliest desired time of landing, and (5) maximum cross range. Mathematical models of the navigational procedures based on controlled thrust times are developed.

Tempelman, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation of water quality parameters at selected points on the Tennessee River

Physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters have been investigated at the Widow's Creek steam plant. The water quality parameters and field site locations have been selected so as to be compatible with the interests and needs of the Environmental Application Office at Marshall Space Flight Center. All sampling and testing was conducted as directed in the 13th Edition of Standard Methods of Analysis for Water and Waste Water or as suggested by NASA'S Technical Officer. Data is presented in a form compatible with that presently being collected by other agencies.

Manger, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Investigation of transient earth resources phenomena: Continuation study

Calculated sensitivity requirements for an earth resource satellite in a geostationary orbit are reported. Radiance levels at the satellite sensor were computed for twenty top-priority Synchronous Earth Observatory Satellite (SEOS) applications. The observation requirements were reviewed and re-evaluated in terms of spectral band definition, spectral signatures of targets and backgrounds, observation time, and site location. With these data and an atmospheric attenuation and scattering model, the total radiances observed by the SEOS sensor were calculated as were the individual components contributed by the target, target variations, and the atmosphere.

Goldman, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Some effects of the atmosphere and microphone placement on aircraft flyover noise measurements

The effects of varying atmospheric conditions on certification-type noise measurements were studied. Tests were made under various atmospheric conditions at two test sites, Fresno, California, and Yuma, Arizona, using the same test aircraft, noise, and weather measuring equipment, and operating personnel. Measurements were made to determine the effects of the atmosphere and of microphone placement on aircraft flyover noise. The measurements were obtained for characterization of not only the acoustic signature of the test aircraft, but also specific atmospheric characteristics. Data are presented in the form of charts and tables which indicate that for a wide range of weather conditions, at both site locations, noise data were repeatable for similar aircraft operating conditions. The placement of microphones at ground level and at 1.2 m over both spaded sand and concrete illustrate the effects of ground reflections and surface impedance on the noise measurements.

Hosier, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Soil moisture ground truth, Lafayette, Indiana, site; St. Charles Missouri, site; Centralia, Missouri, site

The soil moisture ground-truth measurements and ground-cover descriptions taken at three soil moisture survey sites located near Lafayette, Indiana; St. Charles, Missouri; and Centralia, Missouri are given. The data were taken on November 10, 1975, in connection with airborne remote sensing missions being flown by the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan under the auspices of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emphasis was placed on the soil moisture in bare fields. Soil moisture was sampled in the top 0 to 1 in. and 0 to 6 in. by means of a soil sampling push tube. These samples were then placed in plastic bags and awaited gravimetric analysis.

Jones, E. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Modeling and analysis of the TF30-P-3 compressor system with inlet pressure distortion

Circumferential inlet distortion testing of a TF30-P-3 afterburning turbofan engine was conducted at NASA-Lewis Research Center. Pratt and Whitney Aircraft analyzed the data using its multiple segment parallel compressor model and classical compressor theory. Distortion attenuation analysis resulted in a detailed flow field calculation with good agreement between multiple segment model predictions and the test data. Sensitivity of the engine stall line to circumferential inlet distortion was calculated on the basis of parallel compressor theory to be more severe than indicated by the data. However, the calculated stall site location was in agreement with high response instrumentation measurements.

Mazzawy, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Geology, summary

Trends in geologic application of remote sensing are identified. These trends are as follows: (1) increased applications of orbital imagery in fields such as engineering and environmental geology - some specific applications include recognition of active earthquake faults, site location for nuclear powerplants, and recognition of landslide hazards; (2) utilization of remote sensing by industry, especially oil and gas companies, and (3) application of digital image processing to mineral exploration.

Sabins, F. F., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Earth station design at 12/14 GHz

The design of a 12/14 GHz wideband two-way ground station compatible with the CTS, PSCS, and SYNCOM 4 satellites is described. Efforts to find a suitable site location in the vicinity of the Denver Network Coordinating Center are related.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Atmospheric turbulence and the apparent instantaneous diameter of the sun

Astrometric data are perturbed by turbulent density fluctuations in the atmosphere over the frequency range from 0.0001 to 10 Hz by amounts that would limit the accuracy of solar-diameter measures significantly. Power spectra of the perturbations are compared with meteorological data to argue that thermal turbulence is dominant above 0.001 Hz and that mechanical turbulence (weather) is important below that frequency. Noise power in astrometry should be comparable under night or day conditions, but site location may be important for the strength of slowly passing waves.

Knight, C. K.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Millimeter wave propagation modeling of inhomogeneous rain media for satellite communications systems

A theoretical propagation model that represents the scattering properties of an inhomogeneous rain often found on a satellite communications link is presented. The model includes the scattering effects of an arbitrary distribution of particle type (rain or ice), particle shape, particle size, and particle orientation within a given rain cell. An associated rain propagation prediction program predicts attenuation, isolation and phase shift as a function of ground rain rate. A frequency independent synthetic storm algorithm is presented that models nonuniform rain rates present on a satellite link. Antenna effects are included along with a discussion of rain reciprocity. The model is verified using the latest available multiple frequency data from the CTS and COMSTAR satellites. The data covers a wide range of frequencies, elevation angles, and ground site locations.

Persinger, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Enhanced solar energy options using earth-orbiting mirrors

A system of orbiting space reflectors is described, analyzed, and shown to economically provide nearly continuous insolation to preselected ground sites, producing benefits hitherto lacking in conventional solar farms and leading to large reductions in energy costs for such installations. Free-flying planar mirrors of about 1 sq km are shown to be optimum and can be made at under 10 g/sq m of surface, thus minimizing material needs and space transportation costs. Models are developed for both the design of such mirrors and for the analysis of expected ground insolation as a function of orbital parameters, time, and site location. Various applications (agricultural, solar-electric production, weather enhancement, etc.) are described.

Gilbreath, W. P.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Quantitative mapping of particulate iron in an ocean dump using remotely sensed data

A remote sensing experiment was conducted at the industrial acid waste ocean dump site located approximately 38 n mi SE of Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to see if there was a relationship between aircraft remotely sensed spectral signatures and the iron concentration measured in the plume. Results are presented which show that aircraft remotely sensed spectral data can be used to quantify and map an acid waste dump in terms of its particulate iron concentration. A single variable equation using the ratio of band 2 (440-490 nm) radiance to band 4 (540-580 nm) radiance was used to quantify the acid plume and the surrounding water. The acid waste varied in age from freshly dumped to 3 1/2 hours old. Particulate iron concentrations in the acid waste were estimated to range up to 1.1 mg/liter at the 0.46 meter depth. A classification technique was developed to remove sunglitter-affected pixels from the data set.

Ohlhorst, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The Luna 24 highland component

Highland lithologies represent a very small but significant component of the Luna 24 drill core. They consist predominantly of melt rocks and glasses of probable impact origin, which are distinguished from their mare counterparts by their CaO/Al2O3 (weight) ratios no more than 0.8 and Fe/(Fe + Mg) (atomic) ratios of no more than 0.4. Compositions equivalent to highland basalt dominate the melt rock and glass fraction. Minor lithologies include possible plutonic lithic and monomineralic fragments. The high proportion of highland basalt relative to the other highland lithologic types, the absence of KREEP basalts, and the low KREEP content of the highland melt rocks and glasses in the Luna 24 soil are also characteristic of the Luna 20 site located in the highland terrain south of Mare Crisium.

Bence, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Evaluation of several schemes for classification of remotely sensed data: Their parameters and performance

The author has identified the following significant results. Data sets for corn, soybeans, winter wheat, and spring wheat were used to evaluate the following schemes for crop identification: (1) per point Gaussian maximum classifier; (2) per point sum of normal densities classifiers; (3) per point linear classifier; (4) per point Gaussian maximum likelihood decision tree classifiers; and (5) texture sensitive per field Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier. Test site location and classifier both had significant effects on classification accuracy of small grains; classifiers did not differ significantly in overall accuracy, with the majority of the difference among classifiers being attributed to training method rather than to the classification algorithm applied. The complexity of use and computer costs for the classifiers varied significantly. A linear classification rule which assigns each pixel to the class whose mean is closest in Euclidean distance was the easiest for the analyst and cost the least per classification.

Scholz, D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Friction evaluation of unpaved, gypsum-surface runways at Northrup Strip, White Sands Missile Range, in support of Space Shuttle Orbiter landing and retrieval operations

Friction measurement results obtained on the gypsum surface runways at Northrup Strip, White Sands Missile Range, N. M., using an instrumented tire test vehicle and a diagonal braked vehicle, are presented. These runways were prepared to serve as backup landing and retrieval sites to the primary sites located at Dryden Flight Research Center for shuttle orbiter during initial test flights. Similar friction data obtained on paved and other unpaved surfaces was shown for comparison and to indicate that the friction capability measured on the dry gypsum surface runways is sufficient for operations with the shuttle orbiter and the Boeing 747 aircraft. Based on these ground vehicle friction measurements, estimates of shuttle orbiter and aircraft tire friction performance are presented and discussed. General observations concerning the gypsum surface characteristics are also included and several recommendations are made for improving and maintaining adequate surface friction capabilities prior to the first shuttle orbiter landing.

Yager, T. J.↗