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At least 127 records · Page 7

Development of an Advanced Integrated Operations Concept for Hybrid Control Rooms

The U.S. Nuclear Industry has an urgent need to reduce the operations and maintenance costs to remain economically competitive in today’s energy market. Measures to improve efficiency in operations will need to leverage technology in a way that safely transforms how plants are operated. This work describes the development of an integrated operations concept that integrates data from existing Instrumentation and Control (I&C) infrastructure, upgraded I&C systems, new sensors, and field technologies such as computer-based procedures to provide operators with centralized, streamlined instructions. The concept was developed to allow for an operator to remotely supervise many plant activities and to dramatically streamline plant operations and maintenance. This report describes the design philosophy, the analysis used to inform design, the implementation in the Human Systems Simulation Laboratory, and illustrates the design concept.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Demonstration and Evaluation of an Advanced Integrated Operations Concept for Hybrid Control Rooms

The U.S. nuclear industry has an urgent need to reduce operations and maintenance costs to remain economically competitive in today’s energy market. Measures to improve efficiency in operations will need to leverage technology in a way that safely transforms how plants are operated. This work describes the Evaluation of an integrated operations concept that draws together data from existing Instrumentation and Control (I&C) infrastructure, upgraded I&C systems, new sensors, and field technologies such as computer-based procedures to provide operators with centralized, streamlined instructions. The concept was developed to allow for an operator to remotely supervise many plant activities and to dramatically streamline plant operations and maintenance. This describes the methods, results, and design recommendations for the concept based on an operator workshop to evaluate the concept.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

SolarAPP+ Pilot Analysis: Performance and Impact of Instant, Online Solar Permitting

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) led a collaborative effort to develop the Solar Automated Permit Processing Plus (SolarAPP+), a no-cost solar permitting software solution to address residential solar photovoltaic (PV) permitting resource constraints and streamline solar adoption processes among authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs). The SolarAPP+ is an online portal that automates permit plan review, enabling an instant permit approval process for code-compliant residential PV systems. Based on national model building, electrical, and fire codes, the SolarAPP+ automatically performs a compliance check of permit inputs against code requirements and produces an inspection checklist that can be used to verify installation practices, workmanship, and adherence to the approved design. NREL conducted a two-phase pilot with five participating AHJs and 16 solar contractors, spanning from November 2020 through December 2021, evaluating the ability of SolarAPP+ to deliver instant permits and its impact on four critical areas within each AHJ: permit review timelines; solar adoption timelines; AHJ time saved; and inspection results. The pilot confirmed that SolarAPP+ reduced permit review times to less than one day, reduced solar adoption timelines by an average of 12 days, saved an estimated 2,067 staff hours, and had comparable inspection results to those found in traditional permitting. The pilot further identified key lessons for improving SolarAPP+, including ways to streamline SolarAPP+ adoption, development of training resources, and expansion of supported products.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Solar Automated Permit Processing Software for Distributed PV (Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-19-00825)

NREL and its project partners built and commercialized the novel Solar Automated Permitting Processing Plus (SolarAPP+) software platform that delivers instant residential rooftop solar permits. The tool provides installers with a standard portal for entering permit information for residential solar systems across all Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) using SolarAPP+, thereby providing a streamlined plan review form, transparency into permitting timelines, and required specifications. The project has proven to reduce permitting timelines from as many as 20 business days to zero, delivering solar projects faster in the four participating AHJs using the platform. Streamlining permitting timelines, all else equal, results in consumers installing their systems and reducing their electricity bills faster. The continued expansion of SolarAPP+ features and adoption nationwide will expand the benefits of the SolarAPP+ beyond the current user base.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

National Solar Jobs Accelerator (Final Technical Report (FTR))

The aptitudes and experiences gained through military service—such as dynamic leadership, teamwork and critical thinking skills, technical specialization, and a mission-completion work ethic—make veterans exceptional candidates for a wide range of solar energy careers. The solar industry offers a highly collaborative and purpose-driven work environment that resonates with service members and veterans looking to rise to their next challenge, and solar employers are eager to tap into this valuable talent pool. From October 2019 - February 2023, The National Solar Jobs Accelerator (publicly the Solar Ready Vets Network TM (SRV Network; SRVN)) enhanced and streamlined options for military service members and veterans to pursue solar training, certification, and employment, while advancing solar employers’ efforts and capacity to invest in military talent as part of a long-term workforce development strategy. The SRVN was led by the Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) in partnership with the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), the US Chamber of Commerce Foundation’s Hiring Our Heroes program (HOH) and the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP). Through several direct-impact and indirect, high-impact capacity building initiatives aligned with six key objectives, the SRV Network strengthened solar career pathways, and promoted increased representation of military talent across all levels and sectors of the solar workforce. A work-based learning Corporate Fellowship model connected transitioning service members with on-the-job experience in leadership roles with solar employers nationwide. The project advanced broader veteran recruitment and talent development by expanding GI Bill eligibility and streamlining veterans’ pathways for solar training and credentialing, supported direct connections to jobs with top solar employers, and led coordination among key education and industry partners to advance registered apprenticeships aligned with solar career pathways. To ensure that the project best served the needs of all stakeholders, an Advisory Committee of military-connected solar professionals, solar employers, and training providers met biannually to guide project activities and sustainability plans. The project team engaged the broader “SRV Network” (comprised of over 2,000 veterans, employers and training organizations) through regular newsletters and targeted outreach to share resources, hiring fairs, webinars, and other opportunities for engagement. The work done under this award builds on the previous iterations of the Department of Energy’s Solar Ready Vets ® program. As the solar industry continues to grow rapidly over the next decade, the military community will continue to be a highly valuable source of talent. The relationships established and work accomplished through this project will have an enduring positive impact well beyond the funding period.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Towards a NEAMS-based high-fidelity model of the MARVEL reactor

This report outlines the progress of Idaho National Laboratory in developing a high-fidelity and high-resolution model of the Microreactor Applications Research Validation and Evaluation reactor. The model was developed under the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation microreactor application driver at Idaho National Laboratory. The overarching objective of this activity is the development of a high-fidelity multiphysics MARVEL model using NEAMS tools, and to verify and validate NEAMS tools against MARVEL reference simulation and experimental data, respectively. This is a unique opportunity to conduct multiphysics analysis on a soon-to-be-deployed microreactor. This multiphysics model developed under the NEAMS-funded INL microreactor application driver leverages three single-physics models coupled via the MOOSE’s MultiApp and Transfer systems. The latter systems enable in-memory data transfer between MOOSE-based and MOOSE-wrapped applications. The first single-physics model, that functions as main application, leverages Griffin to model the neutron transport in the core through the discontinuous finite element (DFEM) discrete ordinates solver (SN). Several optimization flags that were developed by the Griffin developer team were beta-tested to enhance the solver’s performance. These include the combined use of using_average_xs and update_averaged_xs_on that enable to avoid expensive on-the-fly cross sections evaluations at each linear iterations in favor of evaluations of the macroscopic cross sections at each Picard iteration. The second single-physics model uses BISON to handle solid heat transfer and asymptotic hydrogen redistribution analysis in the fuel. While the model returns consistent results for the temperature and hydrogen distribution in the fuel, a mismatch was noticed in the calculated temperature in the reflector due to the value of the gap conductance used in our model. Ongoing investigations are being performed to assess the origin of this discrepancy. Finally, the System Analysis Module (SAM) was used to model the flow of the sodium-potassium eutectic in the primary loop. A first verification was also performed showing good agreement in terms of mass flow rate and inlet temperature. All mesh files were generated using the MOOSE Reactor module, removing the need for external meshing tools. Notably, this workscope represents one of the initial applications of the MOOSE Reactor module for modeling highly irregular geometries. The use of the reactor module significantly streamlined the mesh generation process. The full multiphysics mode, that combines all the single physics models, was leveraged to conduct initial steady-state multiphysics simulations to compute power, and temperature distribution in the reactor. Initial testing was performed for transient simulations as well. In this case, the new checkpoint restart capability for eigenvalue calculations was tested showing the capability for streamlined restart of transient calculations. Future work will focus on improving the fidelity of the model by performing comprehensive code-to-code comparisons. For instance, the full-core Griffin neutronics model will be benchmarked against MCNP reference results, that were provided by the MARVEL design team. Additionally, the SAM T/H model will be verified against reference RELAP-5 results for selected accident scenarios. Besides code-to-code verification exercises, the model fidelity will be improved by replacing the single-channel SAM model with a more complex SAM-Pronghorn coupled model, in which the sub-channel capability is deployed to obtain radial temperature resolution in the coolant. This model will be developed in synergy with the NEAMS thermal hydraulics team.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Cool GTL for the Conversion of Biogas to Jet Fuel

Cool GTL is a new process under development for conversion of biogas from digestors or CO2 +H2 to high quality drop in jet fuel. Cool GTL is designed to be a streamlined simplified low cost process which can be cost effective for small scale biogas applications. Cool GTL has the advantage that it uses a high activity bi-reforming catalyst, in a streamlined electric reformer design, to make the synthesis gas for a high conversion slurry fischer Tropsch process followed by a trailing wax cracking reactor. In this way high quality jet fuel can be directly produced. Recent experimental test data will be presented showing product quality. The life cycle analysis LCA will also be presented as well.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

EV Charging Infrastructure Energization An Overview of Approaches for Simplifying and Accelerating Timelines to Processing EV Charging Load Service Requests

The United States has seen significant growth in electric vehicle (EV) adoption, leading to increased demand for EV charging infrastructure. Over the past decade, EV charging infrastructure site developers, site hosts, and electric distribution utilities have navigated the process to integrate chargers onto the electric grid. Site developers and site hosts have raised the alarm that the integration process for high-powered EV charging projects does not meet the needs of the EV market for timeliness or cost. High-powered charging stations typically require a load service request or an agreement with the local utility to connect to the grid. The process of energizing a new high-powered charging site can be complex and time-consuming, often taking up to 2 years. This timeline is the result of current utility energization processes having been designed for construction projects that take longer to build (i.e., buildings). The specific challenges stem from various factors, including compartmentalization in application processes, the integration of EV charging process approvals with other distributed energy resources (DERs), and the need to ensure grid reliability. The energization process needs to evolve to meet the growing demand for high-powered EV charging. This white paper compiles information gathered through various conversations with key stakeholders, including utilities, utility regulators, EV charging operators, site developers, and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) as well as through an extensive literature review. This document identifies the challenges and provides potential solutions to streamline the process of connecting EV charging infrastructure to the power grid in the United States, serving as a starting point for future conversations around these solutions. The solutions noted in this white paper require collaborative efforts among utilities, regulators, and EV charging infrastructure developers to streamline the grid connection process for EV charging infrastructure. They are broadly organized into four areas: 1. Increase data access and transparency: Develop automated load service request tools, integrate hosting capacity and load service request analyses, incorporate EV adoption forecasts, and provide transparency on the processing queue. 2. Improve energization processes and timing: Create fast-track options based on prescreening criteria, provide flexibility or phased approvals in the load service request/interconnection process, build internal knowledge within utilities about EV charging technologies, and provide standardized workforce training. 3. Promote economic efficiency: Right size distribution components to accurately reflect the load requirements of EV charging infrastructure, make proactive investments in grid infrastructure based on EV adoption forecasts and growth projections, and consider energy equity and environmental justice factors such as equitable access to EV charging when planning infrastructure. 4. Improve grid reliability and resilience: Use load management/power control systems (PCS) at EV charging stations, adopt and implement harmonized standards for communication protocols and information models between the EV charging and grid control infrastructure, and address cybersecurity considerations by implementing robust security measures and standards for EV charging infrastructure—with particular emphasis on clarifying the security requirements for the interface to the grid. The objective of the solutions proposed in this white paper is to accelerate the timeline and decrease costs associated with connecting EV charging infrastructure to the grid. Electric utilities, utility regulators, EV charging infrastructure developers, and site hosts will first need to understand which solutions are available in their service territory, and if warranted, which combination of solutions would support their specific needs. Through the successful implementations of solutions at scale detailed here, industry will demonstrate a new and innovative ecosystem where timely deployment and energization of EV charging infrastructure with greater grid resiliency and reliability is a reality.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Recommendations to Improve Nuclear Licensing: Update to INL/RPT-23-72206, Recommendations to Improve the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reactor Licensing and Approval Process

In 2023, various stakeholders had asked for BEA’s thoughts and recommendations to improve the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC) licensing review and approval process. This included an April 14, 2023 request from the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on “information and recommendations to improve the licensing review and approval process, . . . as well as the siting, licensing, construction, and oversight of advanced nuclear reactor technologies.” In response to these requests, BEA prepared and published INL/RPT-23-72206, Recommendations to Improve the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reactor Licensing and Approval Process (2023 Report). The 2023 Report included 13 recommendations related to streamlining NRC hearings, expediting NRC safety and environmental reviews, otherwise improving NRC licensing, and providing financial benefits to new reactor projects. Many of these earlier recommendations were addressed through various legislative actions or changes made by the NRC. Section 2 of this report addresses the current status of those earlier recommendations. BEA recently received a new request from the House Committee on Energy and Commerce seeking any suggestions for additional areas to examine or potential reforms “that may assist in modernizing the licensing and regulatory process that affects civil nuclear deployment.” Additionally, the new Secretary of Energy has identified initial DOE actions to support unleashing the golden era of American energy dominance, including “Unleash Commercial Nuclear Power in the United States” and “Streamline Permitting and Identify Undue Burdens on American Energy.” Given these developments, BEA has prepared a new set of updated recommendations in this report. The recommendations include updated versions of recommendations from the 2023 Report which have not been fully adopted, as well as entirely new recommendations. This set of recommendations has a slightly broader focus with some recommendations focused on DOE authorizations and some recommendations related to nuclear licensing beyond new reactors. Each recommendation below also identifies whether the recommendation would require legislative action or could be addressed directly by the respective agency.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

UPC++ as_eager Working Group Draft, Revision 2020.6.2

This draft proposes an extension for a new future-based completion variant that can be more effectively streamlined for RMA and atomic access operations that happen to be satisfied at runtime using purely node-local resources. Many such operations are most efficiently performed synchronously using load/store instructions on shared-memory mappings, where the actual access may only require a few CPU instructions. In such cases we believe it’s critical to minimize the overheads imposed by the UPC++ runtime and completion queues, in order to enable efficient operation on hierarchical node hardware using shared-memory bypass. The new upcxx::{source,operation}_cx::as_eager_future() completion variant accomplishes this goal by relaxing the current restriction that future-returning access operations must return a non-ready future whose completion is deferred until a subsequent explicit invocation of user-level progress. This relaxation allows access operations that are completed synchronously to instead return a ready future, thereby avoiding most or all of the runtime costs associated with deferment of future completion and subsequent mandatory entry into the progress engine. We additionally propose to make this new as_eager_future() completion variant the new default completion for communication operations that currently default to returning a future. This should encourage use of the streamlined variant, and may provide performance improvements to some codes without source changes. A mechanism is proposed to restore the legacy behavior on-demand for codes that might happen to rely on deferred completion for correctness. Finally, we propose a new as_eager_promise() completion variant that extends analogous improvements to promise-based completion, and corresponding changes to the default behavior of as_promise().

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Multiplexed Knockouts in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum by Episomal Delivery of a Selectable Cas9

Marine diatoms are eukaryotic microalgae that play significant ecological and biogeochemical roles in oceans. They also have significant potential as organismal platforms for exploitation to address biotechnological and industrial goals. In order to address both modes of research, sophisticated molecular and genetic tools are required. We presented here new and improved methodologies for introducing CRISPRCas9 to the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells and a streamlined protocol for genotyping mutant cell lines with previously unknown phenotypes. First, bacterialconjugation was optimized for the delivery of Cas9 by transcriptionally fusing Cas9 to a selectable marker by the 2A peptide. An episome cloning strategy using both negative and positive selection was developed to streamline CRISPR-episome assembly. Next, cell line picking and genotyping strategies, that utilize manual sequencing curation, TIDE sequencing analysis, and a T7 endonuclease assay, were developed to shorten the time required to generate mutants. Following this new experimental pipeline, both singlegene and two-gene knockout cell lines were generated at mutagenesis efficiencies of 48% and 25%, respectively. Lastly, a protocol for precise gene insertions via CRISPRCas9 targeting was developed using particle-bombardment transformation methods. Overall, the novel Cas9 episome design and improved genotyping methods presented here allow for quick and easy genotyping and isolation of Phaeodactylum mutant cell lines (less than 3 weeks) without relying on a known phenotype to screen for mutants.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Tractometry of the Human Connectome Project: resources and insights

The Human Connectome Project (HCP) has become a keystone dataset in human neuroscience, with a plethora of important applications in advancing brain imaging methods and an understanding of the human brain. We focused on tractometry of HCP diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) data. We used an open-source software library (pyAFQ; https://yeatmanlab.github.io/pyAFQ) to perform probabilistic tractography and delineate the major white matter pathways in the HCP subjects that have a complete dMRI acquisition (n = 1,041). We used diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to model white matter microstructure in each voxel of the white matter, and extracted tract profiles of DKI-derived tissue properties along the length of the tracts. We explored the empirical properties of the data: first, we assessed the heritability of DKI tissue properties using the known genetic linkage of the large number of twin pairs sampled in HCP. Second, we tested the ability of tractometry to serve as the basis for predictive models of individual characteristics (e.g., age, crystallized/fluid intelligence, reading ability, etc.), compared to local connectome features. To facilitate the exploration of the dataset we created a new web-based visualization tool and use this tool to visualize the data in the HCP tractometry dataset. Finally, we used the HCP dataset as a test-bed for a new technological innovation: the TRX file-format for representation of dMRI-based streamlines. We released the processing outputs and tract profiles as a publicly available data resource through the AWS Open Data program's Open Neurodata repository. We found heritability as high as 0.9 for DKI-based metrics in some brain pathways. We also found that tractometry extracts as much useful information about individual differences as the local connectome method. We released a new web-based visualization tool for tractometry—“Tractoscope” (https://nrdg.github.io/tractoscope). We found that the TRX files require considerably less disk space-a crucial attribute for large datasets like HCP. In addition, TRX incorporates a specification for grouping streamlines, further simplifying tractometry analysis.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

CRISPR/Cas9 Directed Reprogramming of iPSC for Accelerated Motor Neuron Differentiation Leads to Dysregulation of Neuronal Fate Patterning and Function

Neurodegeneration causes a significant disease burden and there are few therapeutic interventions available for reversing or slowing the disease progression. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold significant potential since they are sourced from adult tissue and have the capacity to be differentiated into numerous cell lineages, including motor neurons. This differentiation process traditionally relies on cell lineage patterning factors to be supplied in the differentiation media. Genetic engineering of iPSC with the introduction of recombinant master regulators of motor neuron (MN) differentiation has the potential to shorten and streamline cell developmental programs. We have established stable iPSC cell lines with transient induction of exogenous LHX3 and ISL1 from the Tet-activator regulatory region and have demonstrated that induction of the transgenes is not sufficient for the development of mature MNs in the absence of neuron patterning factors. Comparative global transcriptome analysis of MN development from native and Lhx-ISL1 modified iPSC cultures demonstrated that the genetic manipulation helped to streamline the neuronal patterning process. However, leaky gene expression of the exogenous MN master regulators in iPSC resulted in the premature activation of genetic pathways characteristic of the mature MN function. Dysregulation of metabolic and regulatory pathways within the developmental process affected the MN electrophysiological responses.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Methodology for deriving the telescope focus function and its uncertainty for a heterodyne pulsed Doppler lidar

Doppler lidars provide two measured parameters, radial velocity and signal-to-noise ratio, from which winds and turbulent properties are routinely derived. Attenuated backscatter, which gives quantitative information on aerosols, clouds, and precipitation in the atmosphere, can be used in conjunction with the winds and turbulent properties to create a sophisticated classification of the state of the atmospheric boundary layer. Calculating attenuated backscatter from the signal-to-noise ratio requires accurate knowledge of the telescope focus function, which is usually unavailable. Inaccurate assumptions of the telescope focus function can significantly deform attenuated backscatter profiles, even if the instrument is focused at infinity. Here, we present a methodology for deriving the telescope focus function using a co-located ceilometer for pulsed heterodyne Doppler lidars. The method was tested with Halo Photonics StreamLine and StreamLine XR Doppler lidars but should also be applicable to other pulsed heterodyne Doppler lidar systems. The method derives two parameters of the telescope focus function, the effective beam diameter and the effective focal length of the telescope. Additionally, the method provides uncertainty estimates for the retrieved attenuated backscatter profile arising from uncertainties in deriving the telescope function, together with standard measurement uncertainties from the signal-to-noise ratio. The method is best suited for locations where the absolute difference in aerosol extinction at the ceilometer and Doppler lidar wavelengths is small.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Turbulence dissipation rate estimated from lidar observations during the LAPSE-RATE field campaign

The International Society for Atmospheric Research using Remotely-piloted Aircraft (ISARRA) hosted a flight week in July 2018 to demonstrate unmanned aircraft systems' (UASs) capabilities in sampling the atmospheric boundary layer. This week-long experiment was called the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign. Numerous remotely piloted aircraft and ground-based instruments were deployed with the objective of capturing meso- and microscale phenomena in the atmospheric boundary layer. The University of Oklahoma deployed one Halo Streamline lidar, and the University of Colorado Boulder deployed two WindCube lidars. In this paper, we use data collected from these Doppler lidars to estimate turbulence dissipation rate throughout the campaign. We observe large temporal variability of turbulence dissipation close to the surface with the WindCube lidars that is not detected by the Halo Streamline. However, the Halo lidar enables estimating dissipation rate within the whole boundary layer, where a diurnal variability emerges. We also find a higher correspondence in turbulence dissipation between the WindCube lidars, which are not co-located, compared to the Halo and WindCube lidar that are co-located, suggesting a significant influence of measurement volume on the retrieved values of dissipation rate.

WIND ENERGY↗

Towards Acceptance Testing at the Exascale Frontier

At the 2007 Cray User Group meeting, the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) introduced the OLCF Test Harness (OTH), a framework[1] used for acceptance testing of the Jaguar supercomputer[2]. Since then, the OTH framework has evolved to version 2.0 which adds new features and streamlines usability. The OTH is the key piece of software used to orchestrate acceptance testing for all OLCF computational resources before they are deployed for production use, including our leadership class high performance computing (HPC) systems. The OTH framework is written in Python and is publicly available[3].In this paper, we first describe the requirements, design, and structure of the OTH. Then, we present specific improvements developed to support acceptance testing of the OLCF’s Summit system[4]. We will also showcase new OTH features that have been added to streamline the acceptance test process as well as the motivation behind those changes. As part of this work, we also evaluated different workflow tools in order to determine whether these tools could complement the OTH in two key areas: automation and reporting. The advantages and disadvantages identified with each tool will be discussed. Lastly, we summarize the challenges and lessons learned collected from using the OTH for the acceptance of the last three flagship systems at the OLCF. These may be useful for other HPC centers developing their own testing frameworks or those interested in using the OTH.

Melesse Vergara, Veronica↗

Process Improvement For Pu-238 Production at Idaho National Laboratory

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has supported the production of Pu-238 for future NASA deep space missions since 2017. Over this time, INL has worked to improve the qualification process of Pu-238 production targets as well as improve processes related to the shipping, storage, irradiation, and storage of Pu-238 production targets. Qualification of Pu-238 production targets began with flux measurements and scoping analysis to provide fundamental data to confirm the impacts on the operation of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR), Fig1. Later, initial production targets were irradiated in ATR’s I-7 position, and then the South Flux Trap (SFT). A modified target design was then implemented which would use the full length of the ATR core and increase Pu-238 production. While working to improve and streamline the qualification of the Pu-238 production targets, INL worked to improve multiple operational aspects of the Pu-238 production process. These changes include updating procedures to streamline operations, supporting modification of shipping containers to contain five rather than one production target, reviewing target receipt procedures and changing work flow to provide flexibility in target receipt, and designing and fabricating support equipment for the storage and internal transfer of production targets

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

Process Improvements For Pu-238 Production at Idaho National Laboratory

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has supported the production of Pu-238 for future NASA deep space missions since 2017. Over this time, INL has worked to improve the qualification process of Pu-238 production targets as well as improve processes related to the shipping, storage, irradiation, and storage of Pu-238 production targets. Qualification of Pu-238 production targets began with flux measurements and scoping analysis to provide fundamental data to confirm the impacts on the operation of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR), Fig1. Later, initial production targets were irradiated in ATR’s I-7 position, and then the South Flux Trap (SFT). A modified target design was then implemented which would use the full length of the ATR core and increase Pu-238 production. While working to improve and streamline the qualification of the Pu-238 production targets, INL worked to improve multiple operational aspects of the Pu-238 production process. These changes include updating procedures to streamline operations, supporting modification of shipping containers to contain five rather than one production target, reviewing target receipt procedures and changing work flow to provide flexibility in target receipt, and designing and fabricating support equipment for the storage and internal transfer of production targets.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗