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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2024

Power Technologies for Rail Decarbonization Workshop: Summary Report

Argonne National Laboratory organized the Power Technologies for Rail Decarbonization Workshop for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office. The workshop offered an inclusive venue for different stakeholders to convey their perspective on challenges and opportunities in decarbonizing the rail sector. The first day of the workshop focused on (1) rail decarbonization efforts in the DOE and collaboration opportunities, (2) technology pathways to decarbonize rail, and (3) prime mover and low-carbon options for rail. The second day was devoted to (1) prime mover and zero-carbon options for rail, and (2) rail logistics, infrastructure, and safety. Each day raised challenges and solutions through presentations from national leaders and discussions among panel members and the audience. Through this engagement with different stakeholders, we will produce a cross-disciplinary recommendation for the role of government agencies to contribute meaningful research to address current technology gaps. The workshop included up 139 active participants and featured keynote speakers and panelists from Association of American Railroads, Progress Rail Locomotive, Wabtec, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, Amtrak, Caterpillar, Cummins, Renewable Energy Group-Chevron, DOE’s Bioenergy Technologies Office, California Air Resources Board, Federal Railroad Administration and multiple DOE national laboratories. This summary report presents highlights from participant discussions covering the topics of technology pathways to decarbonize rail, prime mover and low-carbon options, prime mover and zero-carbon options, as well as rail logistics, infrastructure, and safety. The variety of input gathered from the stakeholder attendees is vital, as it helps inform DOE on rail decarbonization challenges and opportunities. Stakeholder feedback is balanced against DOE strategic directions and priorities with consideration of the roles of government and industry.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Clean Cities Coalitions: Advancing Affordable, Domestic Transportation Fuels and Technologies Across the Country

This fact sheet provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Vehicle Technologies Office Clean Cities Coalition Network, which advances affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies nationwide. More than 75 active coalitions serve as the foundation of Clean Cities, working in communities across the country to help local decision makers and fleets understand and implement alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, new mobility choices, and emerging transportation technologies. At the national level, VTO develops and promotes publications, tools, and other unique resources to support coordinators. At the local level, coalitions leverage these resources to create networks of stakeholders.

accomplishments↗
DOE OSTI2024

Comprehensive Cradle to Grave Life Cycle Analysis of On-Road Vehicles in the United States based on GREET

To properly compare and contrast the environmental performance of one vehicle technology against another, it is necessary to consider their production, operation, and end-of-life fates. Since 1995, Argonne’s GREET® life cycle analysis model (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) has been annually updated to model and refine the latest developments in fuels and materials production, as well as vehicle operational and composition characteristics. Updated cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis results from the model’s latest release are described for a wide variety of fuel and powertrain options for U.S. light-duty and medium/heavy-duty vehicles. Light-duty vehicles include a passenger car, sports utility vehicle (SUV), and pick-up truck, while medium/heavy-duty vehicles include a Class 6 pickup-and-delivery truck, Class 8 day-cab (regional) truck, and Class 8 sleeper-cab (long-haul) truck. Powertrain coverage includes internal combustion (spark ignition and compression ignition) engines, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid, full battery electric, and fuel cell vehicles powered by conventional and low carbon energy sources. The results offer insights into the current state of these technologies, as well as a projection of the likely environmental implications of future fuel and vehicle advancements through a time-series evaluation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions.

Kelly, Jarod C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Clean Cities Coalitions: Advancing Affordable, Domestic Transportation Fuels and Technologies Across the Country

This fact sheet provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Vehicle Technologies Office Clean Cities Coalition Network, which advances affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies nationwide. More than 75 active coalitions serve as the foundation of Clean Cities, working in communities across the country to help local decision makers and fleets understand and implement alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, new mobility choices, and emerging transportation technologies. At the national level, VTO develops and promotes publications, tools, and other unique resources to support coordinators. At the local level, coalitions leverage these resources to create networks of stakeholders.

accomplishments↗
DOE OSTI2022

Clean Cities Coalitions: Advancing Affordable, Domestic Transportation Fuels and Technologies Across the Country

This fact sheet provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Vehicle Technologies Office Clean Cities Coalition Network, which advances affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies nationwide. More than 75 active coalitions serve as the foundation of Clean Cities, working in communities across the country to help local decision makers and fleets understand and implement alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, new mobility choices, and emerging transportation technologies. At the national level, VTO develops and promotes publications, tools, and other unique resources to support coordinators. At the local level, coalitions leverage these resources to create networks of stakeholders.

accomplishments↗
DOE OSTI2024

PHEV Distribution Grid Integration and Smart Systems Testing: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report

To continue NREL's mission, which includes preparing technologies and markets with "speed and scale," NREL researchers will collaborate with Toyota on plug-in electric vehicle technology. Toyota will provide a collection of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ("PHEVs" [and ultimately including PEVs], collectively, the "Vehicles") to conduct infrastructure interaction testing at NREL facilities. NREL will use available resources in the Vehicle Testing and Integration Facility (VTIF), its staff parking garage with numerous commercial Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment ("EVSEs"), and its Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) to safely execute research experiments that highlight potential distribution system power quality challenges related to plug-in electric vehicles. The expected outcome of this project is a better understanding of the correlation of individual vehicle power quality attributes to a system of vehicles on a distribution network. The data collected and the simulations conducted will be used to guide future experiments and project development that aid in the deployment of plug-in electric vehicles ("PEV").

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Deterministic Multivariate Clustering Method for Drive Cycle Generation from In-Use Vehicle Data

Accurately characterizing vehicle drive cycles plays a fundamental role in assessing the performance of new vehicle technologies. Repeatable, short duration representative drive cycles facilitate more informed decision making, resulting in improved test procedures and more successful vehicle designs. With continued growth in the deployment of onboard telematics systems employing global positioning systems (GPS), large scale, low cost collection of real-world vehicle drive cycle data has become a reality. As a result of these technological advances, researchers, designers, and engineers are no longer constrained by lack of operating data when developing and optimizing technology, but rather by resources available for testing and simulation. Experimental testing is expensive and time consuming, therefore the need exists for a fast and accurate means of generating representative cycles from large volumes of real-world driving data. This paper explores the development and initial validation of a method of generating representative drive cycles from large collections of real-world vehicle data using a deterministic multivariate clustering approach. Starting with theory and diving into the methodology behind representative cycle generation, the paper aims to also present graphical and tabular results of initial validation via vehicle simulation and chassis dynamometer testing. Additional topics for further research and areas for ongoing development will also be presented.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Clean Cities Coalitions: Advancing Affordable, Domestic Transportation Fuels and Technologies Across the Country

This fact sheet provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office Clean Cities coalitions, which advance affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies nationwide. Nearly 100 coalitions serve as the foundation of Clean Cities, working in communities across the country to help local decision makers and fleets understand and implement alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, new mobility choices, and emerging transportation technologies. At the national level, VTO develops and promotes publications, tools, and other unique resources to support coordinators. At the local level, coalitions leverage these resources to create networks of stakeholders.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Clean Cities Coalitions: Advancing Affordable, Domestic Transportation Fuels and Technologies Across the Country

This fact sheet provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office Clean Cities coalitions, which advance affordable, domestic transportation fuels and technologies nationwide. Nearly 100 coalitions serve as the foundation of Clean Cities, working in communities across the country to help local decision makers and fleets understand and implement alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, new mobility choices, and emerging transportation technologies. At the national level, VTO develops and promotes publications, tools, and other unique resources to support coordinators. At the local level, coalitions leverage these resources to create networks of stakeholders.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coordinated Steering Angle and Yaw Moment Distribution to Increase Vehicle Regenerative Energy in Autonomous Driving

This paper presents an algorithm that increases vehicle regenerative braking energy recovery in autonomous driving by leveraging connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology. Autonomous vehicles may select different maneuvers to increase kinetic energy recovery during deceleration. In the proposed algorithm, the cornering resistance that influences regenerative energy and energy consumption is defined in terms of steering angle during regenerative braking. In particular, a model predictive controller that distributes control inputs of the vehicle is adopted to reduce the cornering resistance for increasing regenerative braking torque. Utilizing the information from CAV technology, this algorithm enables the vehicle to safely conduct braking while increasing its regenerative energy recovery. CarSim-Simulink joint simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Choi, Junghyun↗
DOE OSTI2021

Off-Road Vehicle Energy-Saving Potential

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Vehicle Technology Office (VTO) has played a critical role in enabling electrification and reducing fuel consumption in the automotive sector. However, the off-road vehicle sector accounts for 8% of transportation fuel, and that share is likely to increase over time as onroad vehicles move towards electrification. DOE can again play a key role in the off-road vehicle market by providing tools that can be used by academia and the industry to evaluate the impact of advanced technologies. The need for a pre-competitive simulation tool was also identified during a 2019 DOE-led workshop at Argonne National Laboratory that included OEMs and suppliers to this market. Autonomie, a powerful and robust system simulation tool for vehicle energy consumption and performance analysis, was developed by Argonne National Laboratory in collaboration with General Motors. Its application covers energy consumption and performance analysis throughout the entire vehicle development process by leveraging its plug-and-play powertrain and vehicle model architecture and development environment

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Batteries Annual Progress Report (FY2019)

The Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) of the Department of Energy (DOE) conducts research and development (R&D) on advanced transportation technologies that would reduce the nation’s use of imported oil and would also lead to reductions in harmful emissions. Technologies supported by VTO include electric drive components such as advanced energy storage devices (primarily batteries), power electronics and electric drive motors, advanced structural materials, energy efficient mobility systems, advanced combustion engines, and fuels. VTO is focused on funding early-stage high-reward/high-risk research to improve critical components needed for more fuel efficient (and cleaner-operating) vehicles. One of the major VTO objectives is to enable U.S. innovators to rapidly develop the next generation of technologies that achieve the cost, range, and charging infrastructure necessary for the widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). An important prerequisite for the electrification of the nation’s light duty transportation sector is development of more cost-effective, longer lasting, and more abuse-tolerant PEV batteries. One of the ultimate goals of this research, consistent with the current vehicle electrification trend, is an EV which can provide the full driving performance, convenience, and price of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. To achieve this, VTO has established the following overarching goal (Source: FY2021 Congressional Budget Justification1): …identify new battery chemistry and cell technologies with the potential to reduce the cost of electric vehicle battery packs by more than half, to less than $100/kWh (ultimate goal is $60/kWh battery cell cost), increase range to 300 miles, and decrease charge time to 15 minutes or less by 2028. VTO works with key U.S. automakers through the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) – an umbrella organization for collaborative research consisting of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), the Ford Motor Company, and General Motors. Collaboration with automakers through the partnership known as U.S. Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability (U.S. DRIVE) attempts to enhance the relevance and the success potential of its research portfolio. VTO competitively selects projects for funding through funding opportunity announcements (FOAs). Directly-funded work at the national laboratories are awarded competitively through a lab-call process. During the past year, VTO continued R&D in support of PEVs. Stakeholders for VTO R&D include universities, national laboratories, other government agencies and industry (including automakers, battery manufacturers, material suppliers, component developers, private research firms, and small businesses). This document summarizes the progress of VTO battery R&D projects supported during the fiscal year 2019 (FY 2019).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

SMART Mobility. Advanced Fueling Infrastructure Capstone Report

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale. This report summarizes the work of the Advanced Fueling Infrastructure Pillar. This Pillar investigated the charging infrastructure needs of electric ride-hailing and car-sharing vehicles, automated shuttle buses, and freight-delivery truck fleets. For information about the other Pillars and about the SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow, please refer to the relevant Pillar’s Capstone Report.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

CoEx Electrode Structuring for High Energy and Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

This project was a collaboration between SRI International (SRI) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) focused on advancing SRI’s CoEx technology for printing of battery electrodes with structured porosity, specifically for improving fast charging performance. Prior work funded by the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) served as proof-of-concept for CoEx printing, with the scope limited to demonstrating that CoEx structuring in the cathode would improve discharge performance. In that work, a thick cathode was paired with an anode produced through conventional means (i.e. it had no structuring), and the baseline comparison was a cell with conventionally produced cathode and anode of similar loading, along with a lower loaded cell that was intended to represent cells of typical loading. The result of that work showed that the CoEx cells had higher energy density than the thin baseline cells, due to the thicker electrode layers, and had much higher power density than the thick baseline cells at higher discharge rates, because the CoEx cathode had higher performance than the conventional cathode. In this project, we proposed to extend the CoEx technology to structure both the anode and cathode of a lithium ion battery, resulting in at least a 20% increase in energy density under fast charging conditions, while reducing costs by 15% and cutting energy usage during production.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

The 2030 National Charging Network: Estimating U.S. Light-Duty Demand for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

With the support of DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office and the DOE/DOT Joint Office (JO), NREL has applied the EVI-X modeling suite to conduct a National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Needs Assessment. This report considers a 2030 scenario in which 50% of light-duty sales are electric (including plug-in hybrids), resulting in an on-road stock of 33 million vehicles. We consider the needs of vehicles used for typical daily driving, drivers without access to residential charging, corridor charging supporting long-distance travel, and ride-hailing electrification. We find that a cumulative capital investment of $82 billion in public and private charging infrastructure will be necessary in our baseline scenario (approximately 3x greater than our estimate of planned investments to date). This result is framed as a conservative estimate as the assumed costs include charging equipment and installation but exclude the cost of grid upgrades and distributed energy resources.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modeling U.S. Light-Duty Demand for EV Charging Infrastructure in 2030

With the support of DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office and the DOE/DOT Joint Office (JO), NREL has applied the EVI-X modeling suite to conduct a National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Needs Assessment. This report considers a 2030 scenario in which 50% of light-duty sales are electric (including plug-in hybrids), resulting in an on-road stock of 33 million vehicles. We consider the needs of vehicles used for typical daily driving, drivers without access to residential charging, corridor charging supporting long-distance travel, and ride-hailing electrification. We find that a cumulative capital investment of $82 billion in public and private charging infrastructure will be necessary in our baseline scenario (approximately 3x greater than our estimate of planned investments to date). This result is framed as a conservative estimate as the assumed costs include charging equipment and installation but exclude the cost of grid upgrades and distributed energy resources.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

EVI-X Updates and National Charging Assessment Report

With the support of DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office and the DOE/DOT Joint Office (JO), NREL has applied the EVI-X modeling suite to conduct a National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Needs Assessment. This report considers a 2030 scenario in which 30-42 million light-duty electric vehicles are on the road (including plug-in hybrids). We consider the needs of vehicles used for typical daily driving, drivers without access to residential charging, corridor charging supporting long-distance travel, and ride-hailing electrification. We find that a national network of 28 million charging ports (including public and private infrastructure) will be necessary in our mid adoption scenario. This result is framed as a conservative estimate as the assumed costs include charging equipment and installation but exclude the cost of grid upgrades and distributed energy resources.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗