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Results for “zirconates”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Converse magnetoelectric effects in composites of liquid phase epitaxy grown nickel zinc ferrite films and lead zirconate titanate: Studies on the influence of ferrite film parameters

The interactions among electric and magnetic subsystems in a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite occur through mechanical forces. In this work, we discuss results of a systematic investigation on the strength of the magnetic response of the composite to an applied electric field, known as the converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect, and its dependence on the ferroic order parameters and volume fraction for the two phases. Studies were carried out on composites of lead zirconate titanate and 2-30-μm m-thick nickel zinc ferrite (NZFO) films grown by liquid phase epitaxy on lattice matched (100) and (111) MgO substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance was utilized to determine the strength of CME from data on electric field E induced shift in the resonance frequency and its dependence on ferrite film orientation and thickness as well as MgO substrate thickness. The CME coupling coefficient A was found to be a factor of 2 to 4 higher in samples with NZFO films with (100) orientation than for (111) films. A decrease in A was measured with increasing ferrite film thickness and a very significant enhancement in the strength of CME was measured for decreasing MgO thickness. A model for CME that takes into consideration the influence of nonferroic MgO substrate was developed, and estimated A values are in very good agreement with the data. The findings presented here are also of importance for a new class of electric field tunable ferrite microwave devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Encapsulation and retention of 225 Ac, 223 Ra, 227 Th, and decay daughters in zircon-type gadolinium vanadate nanoparticles

Abstract Unwanted targeting of healthy organs caused by the relocation of radionuclides from the target site has been one of the limiting factors in the widespread application of targeted alpha therapy in patient regimens. GdVO 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as platforms to encapsulate α -emitting radionuclides 223 Ra, 225 Ac, and 227 Th, and retain their decay daughters at the target site. Polycrystalline GdVO 4 NPs with different morphologies and a zircon-type tetragonal crystal structure were obtained by precipitation of GdCl 3 and Na 3 VO 4 in aqueous media at room temperature. The ability of GdVO 4 crystals to host multivalent ions was initially assessed using La, Cs, Bi, Ba, and Pb as surrogates of the radionuclides under investigation. A decrease in Ba encapsulation was obtained after increasing the concentration of surrogate ions, whereas the encapsulation of La cations in GdVO 4 NPs was quantitative (∼100%). Retention of radionuclides was assessed in vitro by dialyzing the radioactive GdVO 4 NPs against deionized water. While 227 Th was quantitatively encapsulated (100%), a partial encapsulation of 223 Ra (∼75%) and 225 Ac (>60%) was observed in GdVO 4 NPs. The maximum leakage of 221 Fr (1st decay daughter of 225 Ac) was 55.4 ± 3.6%, whereas for 223 Ra (1st decay daughter of 227 Th) the maximum leakage was 73.0 ± 4.0%. These results show the potential of GdVO 4 NPs as platforms of α -emitting radionuclides for their application in targeted alpha therapy.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fundamental Studies of Tritium Diffusivity in Irradiation Defective Lithium Aluminate and Lithium Zirconates Pellets Used in TPBAR

Due to its excellent irradiation behavior at elevated temperatures, lithium aluminate (LiAlO 2 ) is used in the form of annular ceramic pellets enriched with the 6Li isotope in tritium producing burnable absorber rod (TPBAR). To simulate the nuclear characteristics and produce tritium (T), TPBAR is irradiated by a neutron flux in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The T diffuses through the pellets and is captured by the metal getter where it chemically reacts and leads to formation of metal hydride. The transport of T in radiation damaged pellets that contain defects and impurities is not clearly understood due to the lack of fundamental studies of T solubility and diffusivity. The other candidate material possessing a similar physical and chemical properties and can be potentially useful as a tritium breading blanket in the future is Lithium Zirconates (Li 2 ZrO 3 ). In FY2017, we investigated the diffusion and solubility properties in irradiation defective LiAlO 2 and Li 2 ZrO 3 crystals with different level of tritium concentration. In FY2018 we continued to explore the diffusivity and solubility properties extensively in those candidate materials.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1964

Meteoritic zircon.

Zircon identified in Vaca Muerta meteoritic specimens by electron probe microanalysis

METEORITIC COMPOSITION↗
NASA NTRS1976

Oxidation behavior of nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium - Magnesium oxide and nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium - zirconate type of cermets

The 1100 and 1200 C cyclic oxidation resistance of dense Ni-Cr-Al-Y - MgO, Ni-Cr-Al-Y - CaZrO3, Ni-Cr-Al-Y - SrZrO3, Ni-Cr-Al-Y - MgZro3 cermets and a 70 percent dense Ni-Cr-Al-Y developmental material was determined. The cermets contained 60 and 50 volume percent of Ni-Cr-Al-Y which formed a matrix with the oxide particles imbedded in it. The cermets containing MgO were superior to cermets based on zirconates and to the porous Ni-Cr-Al-Y material.

Zaplatynsky, I.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Reactions of calcium orthosilicate and barium zirconate with oxides and sulfates of various elements

Calcium orthosilicate and barium zirconate were evaluated as the insulation layer of thermal barrier coatings for air cooled gas turbine components. Their reactions with various oxides and sulfates were studied at 1100 C and 1300 C for times ranging up to 400 and 200 hours, respectively. These oxides and sulfates represent potential impurities or additives in gas turbine fuels and in turbine combustion air, as well as elements of potential bond coat alloys. The phase compositions of the reaction products were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. BaZrO3 and 2CaO-SiO2 both reacted with P2O5, V2O5, Cr2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2. In addition, 2CaO-SiO2 reacted with Na2O, BaO, MgO, and CoO and BaZrO3 reacted with Fe2O3.

Zaplatynsky, I.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Hot isostatic pressing of silicon nitride Sisub3n4 containing zircon, or zirconia and silica

A hydrothermal synthesis apparatus with a 10 KB cylinder was used to obtain a sintered body of silicon nitride. The sintering auxiliary agents used were zircon (ZrSiO4) and a mixture of zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2). Experiments were conducted with the amounts of ZrSi04 or ArO2 and SiO2 varying over a wide range and the results compared to discover the quantity of additive which produced sintering in silicon nitride by the hot pressing method.

Somiya, S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Dating Archean zircon by ion microprobe: New light on an old problem

Ion microprobe analysis of zircons from three sites (Watersmeet Dome in northern Michigan, Mount Sones in eastern Antarctica, and Mount Narryer in western Australia) is discussed. Implications of the results to Archean geochronology and early Earth crust composition are addressed.

Williams, I. S.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Alpha-decay-induced fracturing in zircon - The transition from the crystalline to the metamict state

Zonation due to alpha-decay damage in a natural single crystal of zircon from Sri Lanka is discussed. The zones vary in thickness on a scale from one to hundreds of microns. The uranium and thorium concentrations vary from zone to zone such that the alpha decay dose is between 0.2 x 10 to the 16th and 0.8 x 10 to the 16th alpha-events per milligram. The transition from the crystalline to the aperiodic metamict state occurs over this dose range. At doses greater than 0.8 x 10 to the 16th alpha events/mg there is no evidence for long-range order. This type of damage will accumulate in actinide-bearing, ceramic nuclear waste forms. The systematic pattern of fractures would occur in crystalline phases that are zoned with respect to actinide radionuclides.

Chakoumakos, Bryan C.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Impact Shocking of a Zircon-Sanidine Mixture and Investigations of Pb Mobility

The purpose of this project is to explore the mobility, mixing, and possible clumping of Pb isotopes during laboratory impact shock experiments. Impact events are a common planetary occurrence and their effect on istotope systematics and subsequent geochronology is not fully understood. By artificially shocking mixtures of zircon and sanidine and investigating the sample products, it may be possible to understand if and how Pb is mobilized during impact shock. Isotopes of Pb are the final daughter products of the decay chains of 238U, 235U and 232Th and therefore understanding how mobile the daughter product is during impact events could have consequences for dating impact events. These investigations will also reveal if Pb isotopes can be mixed between minerals

Szumila, I.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Impact Shocking of a Zircon-Sanidine Mixture and Investigations of Pb Mobility

The purpose of this project is to explore the mobility, mixing, and possible clumping of Pb isotopes during laboratory impact shock experiments. Impact events are a common planetary occurrence and their effect on istotope systematics and subsequent geochronology is not fully understood. By artificially shocking mixtures of zircon and sanidine and investigating the sample products, it may be possible to understand if and how Pb is mobilized during impact shock. Isotopes of Pb are the final daughter products of the decay chains of 238U, 235U and 232Th and therefore understanding how mobile the daughter product is during impact events could have consequences for dating impact events. These investigations will also reveal if Pb isotopes can be mixed between minerals.

Szumila, I.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Optical behavior and TL kinetics of Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} doped zirconate thermoluminescent phosphors

The influence of Tb{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+} ions on the optical behavior and TL kinetics of the synthesized phosphors were analyzed here. The AZrO{sub 3} (A = Ca, Ba, Sr) phosphors activated with Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} ions were prepared using solid state reaction technique. The doping concentration of Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} ions is varied from 0 to 2 mol% for each. The PXRD analysis is done to study various crystallographic aspects of synthesized phosphors. It confirms the crystalline structure, phase purity and homogeneity of synthesized phosphors. The FESEM and TEM analyses show formation of particles with irregular shape and variable dimensions. The agglomeration of these particles is a resultant of prolonged heat treatments involved in solid state reaction method at elevated temperatures. The study of TL spectra of UV and gamma irradiated phosphors set forth their second order kinetics. The electrons were trapped in trap centers with high trap depth and hence high amount of energy (~ 3 eV) is required to vacate them. The doping of trivalent rare earth impurity ions in the perovskite host lattice leads to formation of these traps centers. With enhanced TL intensity and low fading characteristics, these phosphors are suitable alternatives for TL mapping and sensing applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Phonon scattering mechanisms dictating the thermal conductivity of lead zirconate titanate (PbZr 1- x Ti x O 3 ) thin films across the compositional phase diagram

This paper represents a thorough investigation of the thermal conductivity (κ) in both thin film and bulk PbZr 1–x Ti x O 3 (PZT) across the compositional phase diagram. Given the technological importance of PZT as a superb piezoelectric and ferroelectric material in devices and systems impacting a wide array of industries, this research serves to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the thermal properties. The thermal conductivities of both thin film and bulk PZT are found to vary by a considerable margin as a function of composition x. Additionally, we observe a discontinuity in κ in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB, x = 0.48) where there is a 20%–25% decrease in κ in our thin film data, similar to that found in literature data for bulk PZT. The comparison between bulk and thin film materials highlights the sensitivity of κ to size effects such as film thickness and grain size even in disordered alloy/solid-solution materials. A model for the thermal conductivity of PZT as a function of composition (κ(x)) is presented, which enables the application of the virtual crystal approximation for alloy-type material systems with very different crystals structures, resulting in differing temperature trends for κ. We show that in the case of crystalline solid-solutions where the thermal conductivity of one of the parent materials exhibits glass-like temperature trends the compositional dependence of thermal conductivity is relatively constant for most values of x. Finally, this is in stark contrast with the typical trends of thermal conductivity with x in alloys, where the thermal conductivity increases dramatically as the composition of the alloy or solid-solution approaches that of a pure parent materials (i.e., as x = 0 or 1).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pristine Interface between Lithium Lanthanum Zirconate and Lithium Manganese Oxide by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Solid state lithium-ion batteries have garnered increasing interest in recent years due to several potential advantages over liquid-electrolyte based systems. The possibility of integrating the lithium garnet oxide, Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 (LLZTO), with the high voltage cathode, spinel Li x Mn 2 O 4 (LMO), is evaluated here. Thin film bilayer structures are prepared by pulsed laser deposition on MgO (001) substrates and characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The LLZTO is grown by an alternating layer-by-layer deposition of LLZTO and Li 3 N and subsequently annealed for several hours at 575 °C to promote crystallinity. Growth of crystalline LMO with a pristine interface to LLZTO is achieved by gentle heat treatment (500 °C) to remove surface carbonate from the electrolyte and by cathode growth at a low temperature of 250 °C. Higher temperature depositions (330 – 450 °C) result in reaction between the two materials and the appearance of Li 2 MnO 3 , which may be in part due to the presence of excess lithium in the electrolyte layer. Because fully lithiated LiMn 2 O 4 has a voltage of ≈3.7 V versus Li+/Li, the observation of a well-defined interface, free of impurity phases and with no interdiffusion of elements, indicates LLZTO is stable to at least 3.7 V.

Garnet LLZO↗