IAEA Staff Training by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Clean Chemistry Team
This report documents the agenda, observations, and recommendations for IAEA staff.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Spark Clean Energy Cleantch University Prize Final Technical Report
Final Technical Report for Cleantech University Prize
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
U.S. Clean Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies: A Competitiveness Analysis
The objectives of this project are a 1) Global Competitiveness Analysis of hydrogen and fuel cell systems and components manufactured including 700 bar compressed hydrogen storage system in the U.S., Europe, Asia, and other key areas to be identified to determine the global cost leaders, the best current manufacturing processes, the key factors determining competitiveness, and the potential means of cost reductions; and an 2) Analysis to assess the status of global hydrogen and fuel cell markets. The analysis of units, megawatts by country and by application will focus on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (automotive and stationary).
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Automated Clean Chemistry for Bulk Analysis of Environmental Swipe Samples - FY17 Year End Report
Sample preparation methods for mass spectrometry are being automated using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to shorten lengthy and costly manual chemical purification procedures. This development addresses a serious need in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Network of Analytical Laboratories (IAEA NWAL) to increase efficiency in the Bulk Analysis of Environmental Samples for Safeguards program with a method that allows unattended, overnight operation. In collaboration with Elemental Scientific Inc., the prepFAST-MC2 was designed based on COTS equipment. It was modified for uranium/plutonium separations using renewable columns packed with Eichrom TEVA and UTEVA resins, with a chemical separation method based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) NWAL chemical procedure. The newly designed prepFAST-SR has had several upgrades compared with the original prepFAST-MC2. Both systems are currently installed in the Ultra-Trace Forensics Science Center at ORNL.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Nanoporous Architectures for Multifaceted Clean Energy Applications
Recently, there has been immense interest in the design and synthesis of highly porous organic architectures due to their multifaceted potentials for applications that include gas storage, separation, conductivity, and catalysis. The chemical composition, physical, and textural properties are dictated during synthesis. This allows for the production of materials with enhanced properties relevant to their respective applications. With the exception of microcrystalline covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), these polymeric materials are amorphous with considerably high porosity and well-defined cavities, which render them highly attractive, especially in adsorptive gas storage. Such desirable traits are imparted into organic materials through the use of rigid building blocks that direct the growth of polymer networks without the aid of templating agents. During the award period, we focused our efforts on the synthesis and characterization of porous organic polymers constructed through B-N and C-N bond formation and investigated their performance in gas storage (H 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 ) and selective CO 2 binding over CH 4 and N 2 . We also demonstrated that thermolysis of nitrogen rich organic polymers afford highly porous nitrogen-rich porous carbons that show remarkable CO 2 capture and separation properties.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Clean Chemistry Team Radioanalytical Capabilities
No abstract provided.
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
THE CHANGING SOLAR LANDSCAPE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN US - SOUTHERN ALLIANCE FOR CLEAN ENERGY BLOG
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fox, E.↗
Bucket and bunch parameters for clean injection of low energy gold ions into RHIC
Collisions of gold nuclei in RHIC at five low energies, 3.85, 4.55, 5.75, 7.30, and 9.80 GeV per nucleon, are planned in the search for a critical point in the nuclear matter phase diagram. As discussed previously, having longer bunches of gold ions is advantageous for this program. The longer bunches are made possible by six new “9 MHz” cavities, three per ring, which produce harmonic 120 RF buckets. This is one third the harmonic number (360) produced by the standard “28 MHz” cavities.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Addendum to the Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 412: Clean Slate I Plutonium Dispersion (TTR), Tonopah Test Range, Nevada
The Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 412 Closure Report (CR) was published in August 2016 (NNSA/NFO, 2016). The purpose of this addendum is to reference a letter from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) regarding the closure of CAU 412.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Optimization of nanosecond transient plasma ignition for clean combustion
Based on a previously developed, retrofittable nanosecond pulsed TPS ignition prototype, transient plasma ignition technology is evaluated for higher energy efficiency and lower emission by optimizing pulse power conditions using advanced diagnostic-based approaches. Combustion performances of a TPS ignition electrode powered by nanosecond voltage pulses of two different rising times (i.e. 4 ns and 8 ns) but the same full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of 6 ns were compared for single-shot and high-repetition-rate ignitions. The use of faster risetime reduces the voltage amplitude criterion for combustion ignition under a single-shot, stoichiometric fuel-air condition, resulting in higher energy efficiency. In addition, it was demonstrated that high-frequency bursts of pulses positively affect the combustion process; four-consecutive pulsed plasma ignition at a pulse repletion rate (PRR) of 1 kHz needs only half of the voltage to achieve combustion, and increasing the PRR from 1 kHz to 10 kHz improves the energy efficiency by a factor of >1.3. A prototype of retrofittable nanosecond pulsed ignition system was developed and tested in a newly built testing/diagnostic platform, paving the way for ultimate optimization of the TPS prototype for low cost, highly efficient, and low emission combustion.
02 PETROLEUM↗
Automated Clean Chemistry for Bulk Analysis of Environmental Swipe Samples – Final Report
Sample preparation methods for mass spectrometry are being automated using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to shorten lengthy and costly manual chemical purification procedures. This development addresses a serious need in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Network of Analytical Laboratories (NWAL) to increase efficiency in the Bulk Analysis of Environmental Samples for Safeguards program with a method that allows unattended, overnight operation. In collaboration with Elemental Scientific Inc. (ESI), the prepFAST-MC2 was designed based on COTS equipment. It was modified for uranium/plutonium separations using renewable columns packed with Eichrom TEVA® and UTEVA® resins, with a chemical separation method based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) NWAL chemical procedure. Initial verification of individual columns yielded small elution volumes with consistent elution profiles and good recovery. Combined column calibration demonstrated ample separation without crosscontamination of the eluent. Automated packing and unpacking of the built-in columns initially showed >15% deviation in resin loading by weight, which can lead to inconsistent separations. Optimization of the packing and unpacking methods led to a reduction in the variability of the packed resin to less than 5% daily. Based on the initial experience at ORNL with the prepFAST-MC2, a second-generation model, the prepFAST-SR, was built by ESI. The newly designed prepFAST-SR has several upgrades compared with the original prepFAST-MC2. The upgrades largely addressed issues with the reliability of unpacking the Eichrom columns and with ventilation to ensure adequate removal of acid vapors. Both systems are currently installed in the Ultra-Trace Forensics Science Center at ORNL. Separations of mixed uranium and plutonium samples containing certified reference materials were analyzed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and yielded good results. Current efforts have demonstrated a wider applicability of the prepFAST system. Near-quantitative removal of metal interferences was achieved with the system in both uranium and plutonium separated fractions. Successful system validation was completed with several archived samples. Isotopic results from archived samples and certified reference materials were well within data quality limits for the IAEA NWAL. Additional COTS equipment has been evaluated for its potential to aid the prepFAST-SR system in reducing the time allotments and cleanroom infrastructure requirements for accurate separations. Overall, these efforts help ensure continued efficient and effective operation of the NWAL. Comparison of the amount of personnel time necessary for successful manual vs. automated chemical separations showed a significant decrease in hands-on time from 9.8 hours to 35 minutes for seven samples, respectively. This documented time savings and reduced labor translates to a significant cost savings per sample. Overall, the system will enable faster sample reporting times at reduced cost by limiting personnel hours dedicated to the chemical separation.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Model Development and Analysis of Clean and Efficient Engine Combustion FY 2018 Annual Progress Report
Simulations of 1D laminar flames using detailed kinetic mechanisms are useful in a wide variety of engine combustion applications. The most common use is in the computation of laminar flame speeds, which are useful for chemical mechanism validation, as inputs to turbulent flame speed correlations, and to predict knocking in spark-ignition engines. Other applications include generation of flamelet libraries for CFD simulations and prediction of combustion dynamics in micro-flow reactors. These fundamental combustion simulations are an important component in the study of realistic transportation fuel models in boosted spark-ignition and multi-mode engine configurations.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Computationally Efficient Modeling of High Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines
This project focuses on the development and application of computationally efficient and accurate simulation tools for prediction of engine combustion. Simulation of combustion aids in development of new high-efficiency and low-emissions engines by allowing detailed characterization of in-cylinder engine processes that are difficult to measure directly. Simulation also allows exploratory investigations of new concepts, such as new combustion chamber geometry, allowing valuable and limited experimental resources to be focused on the most promising strategies.
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
On the Path to Energy Independence and a Clean Power Future – LED Lighting Retrofit and Solar Power Generation for the CTUIR Science and Engineering Laboratory and Public Transit Center (Rev.1)
This project supports the goals of the Energy Policy for the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) through the implementation of an energy efficiency measure (LED lighting retrofit) and construction of a fixed rack (stationary) ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) array energy generation system. The project objective was to eliminate the net demand for grid-based utility energy at two tribal facilities: the CTUIR Field Station and the Public Transit Center (consisting of bus barn and maintenance shop buildings). A total of 332 lighting fixtures were retrofitted with high efficiency LEDs at the three buildings within the project scope. The solar PV array constructed adjacent to the Field Station (46330 Timine Way, Pendleton, OR 97801) has a nameplate capacity of 97.98 kW DC . The project was managed by staff from the CTUIR Energy & Environmental Sciences Program within the Department of Natural Resources and the final budget was $\$ $288,206. Data was collected during a 12 month monitoring period following construction of the aptly named Ántukš–Tín̓qapapt Solar PV Array and assessed to determine project results. During this time, the solar PV system generated 125,580 kWh of energy according to SolrenView solar PV system monitoring service. In contrast, the total realized utility energy and cost savings due to the project were estimated by comparing 24 months of consecutive utility billing data. Results of this comparison indicate that grid-based utility energy demand was reduced by 121,280 kWh, or roughly 80% of the total electricity consumed by both facilities. The cost savings associated with this energy demand reduction were $\$ $11,104 and a payback period of 5.7 years was estimated for recovering the CTUIR’s investment. However, it should be noted that these figures are not representative of the savings that could be obtained under normal, error-free (i.e. faultless) conditions. Several undesirable events occurred during the 12 month monitoring and evaluation period, the effects of which were quantified using available data so that results under a “Faultless Scenario” could be estimated. Annual energy and cost savings estimated for the Faultless Scenario were approximately 166,289 kWh and $\$ $15,225, respectively. These figures should prove to be more representative of the long-term average annual results achieved in response to the project and suggest a payback period closer to 4.5 years for the CTUIR.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Designing a Virtual City with Resilient, Reliable Clean Water Supply and Power Grid using SimCity Software [Slides]
We need robust and resilient infrastructure for the following: Roads, Power, Waterm Buildings. We need a lot of schools, colleges, and universities to cater the city.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Model Development and Analysis of Clean and Efficient Engine Combustion. 2019 Annual Progress Report
Internal combustion engine design is increasingly driven by computational models used to predict performance metrics, which previously would have been predicted by limited design intuition or expensive and timeconsuming physical testing. Improved model capabilities shorten design cycles and enable the production of cleaner and more efficient engines. This project focuses on advancing the state of the art in internal combustion engine simulations. The overarching goal is to enable predictive models and reduced time to solution for simulations that have impacts on combustion engine design.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
The Fission-Fusion Hybrid Molten Salt Reactor: A Clean Energy Game Changer
This White Paper proposes the Fission-Fusion Hybrid Molten Salt Reactor (FFHMSR) as the solution to the world’s growing need for abundant, carbon-free, safe electricity. The FFHMSR combines a critical molten salt fission reactor with a fusion source of energetic neutrons in a single connected system, offering advantages that neither has independently. The molten salt reactor provides improved safety and greater efficiency, while the neutron source’s high energy neutrons eliminate the need for fuel enrichment and reprocessing and can remove all actinides from the waste stream. The dynamic balance between the dual processes capitalizes on their strengths and synergies.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
Oneida Indian Nation Community-Scale Clean Energy Deployment Combined Heat and Power Project. Tribal Renewable Energy (Final Technical Report)
This document reports on the Oneida Indian Nation's to upgrade and improve the operation of the Nation’s Central Utility Plant (CUP) so that previously wasted energy could be captured and utilized to produce electricity. The final technical report contains an overview of the project and the project objectives, which are increased energy efficiency, reduced dependency on fossil fuels, and lower energy costs while maintaining sound environmental stewardship of natural resources. The report describes the specific activities and milestones accomplished, a summary of the current status of the project, including objectives and results achieved, and a description of project management, challenges and lessons learned.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗