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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,261 records · Page 70
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

A Partnership between countries that endures today. The British Mission was a part of the Lab from 1943-1945

After 27 months of grueling hours and scientific secrecy amidst the pressure of a mounting death toll and Nazi Germany's own weapons development, it had come to an end. It was time to celebrate. On September 22, 1945, scientists, engineers and their families gathered at Fuller Lodge downtown to celebrate the success of the Los Alamos atomic bomb and the end of World War II. The party was hosted by members of the British Mission and their wives and included food, dancing and a satirical play based on the lighter moments of wartime life in Los Alamos. However, this party was more than just entertainment and a night of festivities, it also represented a partnership between countries that endures today.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
NASA NTRS2000

Coronal Reconstruction using LASCO and UVCS Observations

The main goal of the research described in the original proposal was to develop methods to quantify coronal and inner-heliospheric velocity fields of the 'quiet' solar wind. For this we planned to use several sources of observations:(1) SOHO/UVCS velocity information in the range 1.5-3 Solar Radii obtained from Doppler dimming observations; (2) projected solar wind velocities (into the plane of the sky) obtained from SOHO/ LASCO images (1.1-30 Solar Radii), primarily derived from two-dimensional correlation tracking techniques; (3) Interplanetary scintillation observations of the heliospheric (> 26 Solar Radii) solar wind velocity from the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (STELab) in Nagoya, Japan; (4) Ecliptic in situ observations: data for the ecliptic solar wind are available from the MIT and Los Alamos plasma experiments on the Earth-orbiting IMP-8 spacecraft, from the Cellas instrument on SOHO near the LI Lagrange point, and from the WIND spacecraft; (5) Out-of-ecliptic in situ observations: these data are available primarily from the Los Alamos SWOOPS instrument on Ulysses, which passed over the solar north pole in August 1995, about one year prior to the Whole Sun Month period. Where ever possible we planned to use the first Whole Sun Month as the main time period for the analysis, since we expected that for this period it would be easiest to obtain adequate coverage over the extended period of time required to analyze 'quiet' solar wind patterns. Beyond the observations mentioned above (primarily SOHO data) we extended our selection of data to several events identified in the Yohkoh/SXT data base which directly promised to provide us with clues about the connection between the slow solar wind observed by IPS in the inner heliosphere and their sources in the low corona, in particular active regions. We also obtained valuable results using SWOOPS ill situ observations from the pole-to-pole passage of Ulysses in a comparison with solar wind velocities derived from a tomographic reconstruction of Nagoya IPS observations.

Hick, P. P.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Test your Trinity knowledge, print a 75th anniversary poster

To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Trinity test, award-winning artist and graphic designer Paul Ziomek (Communication Arts and Services, CPA-CAS), illustrated an original poster. This one-of-a-kind work of art features Los Alamos Physicist Enrico Fermi witnessing the world’s first detonation of a nuclear device, the Gadget, on July, 16, 1945. This moment marked one of the greatest scientific achievements of all time and the dawn of the nuclear age. The work of those Los Alamos scientists – documented in their notebooks, photos, films, engineering drawings, and memos to each other – is part of the collections in the National Security Research Center, the Lab’s classified library located in the National Security Sciences Building.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2012

National Criticality Experiments Research Center: Capability and Status

After seven years, the former Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF), or Pajarito Site, has reopened for business as the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). Four critical assembly machines (Comet, Planet, Flat-Top, and Godiva-IV) made the journey from Los Alamos to the NNSS. All four machines received safety system upgrades along with new digital control systems. Between these machines, systems ranging from the thermal through the intermediate to the fast spectrum may be assembled. Steady-State, transient, and super-prompt critical conditions may be explored. NCERC is the sole remaining facility in the United States capable of conducting general-purpose nuclear materials handling including the construction and operation of high-multiplication assemblies, delayed critical assemblies, and prompt critical assemblies. Reconstitution of the unique capabilities at NCERC ensures the viability of (1) The Nuclear Renaissance, (2) Stockpile Stewardship, and (3) and the next generation of criticality experimentalists.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Security on the Move: An Eligibility Assessment of the Manhattan Project National Historical Park's Portable Guard Shack (TA-8-172)

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office (Field Office) proposes to assess, stabilize, and eventually restore a Manhattan Project-era guard shack to its original wartime condition. TA-8-172, a portable building, is a Manhattan Project National Historical Park property located in Technical Area (TA) 8 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). In compliance with Section 106 and Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, LANL’s cultural resources staff completed the evaluation of Building TA-8- 172 for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (Register). A LANL historic building inventory form for the guard shack is included in Appendix A. The Field Office has determined that Building TA-8-172 is Register-eligible under Criteria A, B and C based on the findings in this assessment report. The Field Office is requesting concurrence from the State Historic Preservation Officer for TA- 8-172. The guard station will undergo a full condition assessment, and rehabilitation and repairs. These undertakings will receive future documentation and consultation.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2018

Water Quality for High Performance Computing

To support future generations of high performance computers, the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program has a mission need for 80MW of peak power and cooling. Currently the water for the cooling towers at the Strategic Computing Complex (SCC) are cooled by the LANL waste water treated Sanitary Effluent Recovery Facility (SERF) or potable water from the county. The SCC cooling towers currently operate by cycling water between 2-3 cycles of concentration (COC), which is less than the ideal 6 cycles for maximizing water usage. SERF is the ideal water supplier, however when it’s not available potable water is used. The amount of water that the SCC needs nominally is around 45 Million-Gallons/Year (MGY). The future super computer infrastructure (FSI) will need around 125 MGY nominally. SERF is approaching its production limit for reclaimed water. In order to avoid using 100% potable water for the FSI, the option of using non-potable reuse water from Los Alamos County (LAC) was analyzed. This project scope is to focus on the water quality needed for the new super computer cooling towers. Once water quality needs are established, the ideal treatment process needs to be determined. Due to high silica content in water at Los Alamos, emphasis has been placed on treatment processes to remove silica. SERF’s current and future ability to treat water was assessed, as well as the cost of running a SERF like facility or alternative.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evaluating Corrosion Effects on the Stainless Steel Components of the SAVY-4000/Hagan Nuclear Material Storage Containers: FY19 Update

This report provides an update of the FY19 corrosion observations, laboratory studies, and mitigation efforts for the nuclear material storage program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Nuclear material packages outside of an approved engineered contamination barrier must meet packaging, surveillance, and testing requirements designed to protect workers from airborne contamination per Department of Energy (DOE) Manual 441.1-1, Nuclear Material Packaging.1 The SAVY-4000 containers were developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in conjunction with Nuclear Filter Technology as a manually-compliant container system for staging and storage of plutonium for LANL and the DOE complex.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Easier Access to Functional Furans

Traditional furan alkylation utilizes catalyst materials are unsafe, produce hazardous waste, and yield low reaction products. Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new method to enable industries to produce valuable chemicals from biomass more safely with higher yields and less waste. This method has been successfully demonstrated on the benchtop, and is ready for testing to scale up for industrial synthesis applications. Los Alamos is seeking a licensee to scale this technology in-house, or a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) partner to scale the method within the Laboratory for a specific purpose.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

From Protection and Prevention to Research and Discovery: Eligibility Assessment of the Health Research Laboratory (TA-43) and Historic Documentation for TA-43-0001 - Volume 1

The U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Los Alamos Field Office (NA-LA) requests the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) to concur with the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)–eligibility determinations detailed in this report for the Health Research Laboratory (HRL) complex in Technical Area 43 (TA-43) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). As part of the LANL Footprint Reduction Program’s Decommissioning and Demolition (D&D) process, all facilities of the HRL complex are scheduled for characterization and future demolition.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Visit Lab’s new Trinity website for videos, posters, stories and more

History was made 75 years ago today. In the early morning hours, Los Alamos scientists, engineers, and staff successfully detonated the Gadget – a plutonium, implosion-type nuclear weapon – in the New Mexico desert during the Trinity Test on July 16, 1945. Weeks later, World War II ended and, today, Trinity’s scientific legacy endures. Watch, read and learn how Los Alamos changed the world. Visit the Lab’s new website int.lanl.gov/trinity.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Laboratory and Field Investigations of In-Situ Remediation of Cr(VI) in the LANL Regional Aquifer - 18683

Two biogeochemical in-situ remediation strategies are currently being evaluated to help manage a Cr(VI) plume present in deep groundwater beneath Los Alamos National Laboratory. The first is the addition of a chemical reductant, sodium dithionite, and the second is the use of a bio-stimulant, molasses. This paper summarizes the results to date of laboratory and field investigations of the effectiveness of these two amendments in the Los Alamos aquifer. A semi-empirical model based on the results of laboratory batch and column experiments has been developed to describe dithionite reactions and subsequent cation exchange processes in the aquifer. The model is being used to predict the effective 'reach' of dithionite in field deployments, and so far the predictions of the model are consistent with observations in a field push-pull test involving dithionite. Contrary to what has been frequently assumed, the laboratory data suggest that the resulting Cr(VI) reduction capacity depends more strongly on the amount of dithionite consumed than on the amount of iron reduced during the treatment, and an empirical approach is being used to predict reduction capacity generated in the field test. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a robust ability of molasses to promote biomass growth that imparts significant Cr(VI) reduction capacity to sediments. Molasses has been deployed in a field push-drift test (no active pumping) in a well in which the aquifer Darcy velocity is known to be high. To date, the molasses has not drifted out of the injection well, so it has not been possible to make comparisons with laboratory experiments. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Monster truck FERMIAC

After World War II, Los Alamos was anxious for its own computer. While on a walk along the river during a picnic with their families, Enrico Fermi outlined to L.D.P. King a plan for an analog computer to simulate neutron transport. L.D.P. King built it with materials lying around the Omega Site in Los Alamos Canyon. They used the “FERMIAC” for a couple of years, and it was forgotten, until 1966, when Bengt Carlson found it in his office. The lab drew up some blueprints and it went out on loan to the Smithsonian. It is now on display at LANL’s Bradbury Science Museum. There still are several questions as to how the FERMIAC was used. The FERMIAC is too fragile to handle, so our plan in the summer of 2017 was to build a museum-quality replica, much like the Italians did last year. However, the summer student was leaving before it could be re-constructed. Thus, finding ourselves in a similar situation as Fermi and King, we developed our own one-speed neutron transporter fashioned out of the chassis of a toy monster truck. In conclusion, we describe our “Monster Truck FERMIAC” on an XY problem.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Physical Sciences Vistas: Issue 4 2021

In this issue of Physical Sciences Vistas we highlight examples of “excellence in nuclear security.” In this issue, highlights of our outstanding work supporting the Laboratory’s nuclear security enterprise include the following: The complete refurbishment of Sigma’s surface finishing lab. Pride in the lab’s revitalized condition on the part of the operations and R&D staff responsible for this complex operation is well justified. Development of advanced materials and processes enabling next-generation weapons designs, much of which has been facilitated by projects supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. The use of proton radiography in illuminating elements important to validating high explosive burn models. The experimental series was a collaboration between Los Alamos researchers and staff at Lawrence Livermore and Sandia national laboratories and the United Kingdom’s Atomic Weapons Establishment. Deployment of a sophisticated remote handling unit to safely transfer highly radioactive materials required to support mission-critical projects. The skillful swap of an electrical transformer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The deliberate operation restored power to the accelerator in less than estimated time. A look at George Goff ’s role in translating fundamental science into applied solutions essential to the Lab’s nuclear security mission.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

LANL: Weapons Infrastructure Briefing to Naval Reactors, July 18, 2017

Presentation slides address: The Laboratory infrastructure supports hundreds of high hazard, complex operations daily; LANL’s unique science and engineering infrastructure is critical to delivering on our mission; LANL FY17 Budget & Workforce; Direct-Funded Infrastructure Accounts; LANL Org Chart; Weapons Infrastructure Program Office; The Laboratory’s infrastructure relies on both Direct and Indirect funding; NA-50’s Operating, Maintenance & Recapitalization funding is critical to the execution of the mission; Los Alamos is currently executing several concurrent Line Item projects; Maintenance @ LANL; NA-50 is helping us to address D&D needs; We are executing a CHAMP Pilot Project at LANL; G2 = Main Tool for Program Management; MDI: Future Investments are centered on facilities with a high Mission Dependency Index; Los Alamos hosted first “Deep Dive” in November 2016; Safety, Infrastructure & Operations is one of the most important programs at LANL, and is foundational for our mission success.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2020

Incorporating new evaluation on angular distributions and energy spectra of neutron-induced charged particle reactions into the next ENDF library release (Technical Progress Report)

This project aims to provide the improved Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) using the newly measured data as well as the latest nuclear reaction model for calculating angular distributions and energy spectra on neutron-induced charged particle reactions through the collaboration of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The LANL group will provide the experimental data for angular distributions and spectra of (n,p) and (n,α) on several structural materials such as Fe, Ni and Zn isotopes using the Low Energy Neutron-induced Charged-particle (Z) Chamber (LENZ) instrument at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The KAERI group will provide the improved evaluated nuclear library which is based on the LANL experimental data, and further will predict angular distributions and spectra of (n,p) and (n,α) reactions on unmeasured nuclides, such as Cr, Mn, Co, Cu and so on. For the first year of this project, we planned to analyze (n,p) and (n,α) reactions for 54,56 Fe and perform new measurements on those reactions for 58,60 Ni isotopes with the LENZ instrument at LANSCE. For improving our evaluation quality, we have studied reaction models to reproduce LANL’s experimental angular distributions and energy spectra using the full Hauser-Feshbach model code, CoH3 with no approximations used. As the first year’s deliverables, we provided the experimental (n,p) and (n,α) reaction cross sections for 54,56 Fe and incorporate new evaluation on angular distributions and energy spectra of neutron-induced charged particle reactions into the current ENDF/B-VIII.0.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Investigating high-energy proton-induced reactions on spherical nuclei: Implications for the preequilibrium exciton model

A number of accelerator-based isotope production facilities utilize $100-200$ MeV proton beams due to the high production rates enabled by high-intensity beam capabilities and the greater diversity of isotope production brought on by the long range of high-energy protons. However, nuclear reaction modeling at these energies can be challenging because of the interplay between different reaction modes and a lack of existing guiding cross section data. A Tri-lab collaboration has been formed between the Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, and Brookhaven National Laboratories to address these complexities by characterizing charged-particle nuclear reactions relevant to the production of established and novel radioisotopes. In the inaugural collaboration experiments, stacked-targets of niobium foils were irradiated at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer ($E_p=200$ MeV) and the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility ($E_p=100$ MeV) to measure $^{93}$Nb(p,x) cross sections between $50-200$ MeV. The results were compared with literature data as well as the default calculations of the nuclear model codes TALYS, CoH, EMPIRE, and ALICE. The default code predictions largely failed to reproduce the measurements. Therefore, we developed a standardized procedure, which determines the reaction model parameters that best reproduce the most prominent reaction channels in a physically justifiable manner. Overall, the primary focus of the procedure was to determine the best parameterization for the pre-equilibrium two-component exciton model. This modeling study revealed a trend towards a relative decrease for internal transition rates at intermediate proton energies ($E_p=20-60$ MeV) in the current exciton model as compared to the default values. The results of this work are instrumental for the planning, execution, and analysis essential to isotope production.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Collaborative Modular Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Design Study

In May of 2017, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) through the Applied Engineering Technology Division, Jemez Mountain Electric Cooperative Inc. (JMEC), and Northern New Mexico College (NNMC) agreed to enter into a small, joint, non-binding Modular Pumped Hydro (MPH) design study related to grid level energy storage to begin a process of collaboration. Los Alamos National Laboratory's mission is to solve national security challenges through scientific excellence. The mission of Northern New Mexico College is to ensure student success by providing access to affordable, community-based learning opportunities that meet the educational, cultural, and economic needs of the region. Jemez Mountain Electric Cooperative Inc. is the largest electric co-op in the State of New Mexico providing affordable and reliable electricity to customers in the five counties of Rio Arriba, Santa Fe, San Juan, McKinley and Sandoval.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced Control Methods for Particle Accelerators (ACM4PA) 2019

Los Alamos is currently developing novel particle accelerator controls and diagnostics algorithms to enable higher quality beams with lower beam losses than is currently possible. The purpose of this workshop was to consider tuning and optimization challenges of a wide range of particle accelerators including linear proton accelerators such as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), rings such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS) synchrotron, free electron lasers (FEL) such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and LCLS-II, the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL), the Swiss FEL, and the planned MaRIE FEL, and plasma wake- eld accelerators such as FACET, FACET-II, and AWAKE at CERN. One major challenge is an the ability to quickly create very high quality, extremely intense, custom current and energy pro le beams while working with limited real time non-invasive diagnostics and utilizing time-varying uncertain initial beam distributions and accelerator components. Currently, a few individual accelerator labs have been developing and applying their own diagnostics tools and custom control and ML algorithms for au- tomated machine tuning and optimization. The goal of this workshop was to bring together a group of accelerator physicists and accelerator related control and ML experts in order to de ne which controls and diagnostics would be most useful for existing and future accelerators and to create a plan for developing a new family of algorithms that can be shared and maintained by the community.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗