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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,261 records · Page 70
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Soil moisture from temperature measurements at the Earth's surface, update

Soil moisture budgets at the Earth's surface were investigated based on soil and atmospheric temperature variations. A number of data sets were plotted and statistically analyzed in order to accentuate the existence and the characteristics of mesoscale soil temperature extrema variations and their relations to other parameters. The correlations between diurnal temperature extrema for air and soil in drought and non-drought periods appear to follow different characteristic patterns, allowing an inference of soil moisture content from temperature data. The recovery of temperature extrema after a precipitation event also follows a characteristic power curve rise between two limiting values which is an indicator of evaporation rates. If these indicators are applied universally to regional temperature data, soil moisture content or drought conditions can be inferred directly from temperature measurements.

Welker, J. E.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Air temperature and relative humidity raw data from June 2016-Jan2018 at the K34 tower in Manaus, Brazil

This data package contains raw data from stomatal conductance and leaf temperature measurements from the K34 tower in Manaus, Brazil. The attached zip file contains one data file and two metadata files. Related data packages, including additional metadata such as site information and equipment manuals, are listed under Dataset Reference(s). Contact israelmdt@gmail.com if you need to use this dataset for additional information.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

DTS Raw Data Guelph, Ontario Canada

Unprocessed active distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data from 3 boreholes in the Guelph, ON Canada region. Data from borehole 1 was collected during a fluid injection while data from boreholes 2 and 3 were collected under natural gradient conditions in a lined borehole. The column labels/headers (in the first row) define the time since start of measurement in seconds and the row labels/headers (in the first column) are the object IDs that are defined in the metadata. Each object ID is a sampling location whose exact location is defined in the metadata file. Data in each cell are temperature in Celsius at time and sampling location as defined above.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Anomalous structural recovery in the near glass transition range in a polymer glass: Data revisited in light of temperature variability in vacuum oven‐based experiments*

Abstract There is considerable interest in data reported by Cangialosi et al. [Cangialosi, D., Boucher, V. M., Alegría, A., & Colmenero, J. (2013). Physical Review Letters , 111 (9), 095701] that purportedly showed unusual irregular responses in the isothermal structural recovery behavior of glasses because the observation challenges the general view of the dynamics being smooth functions of time as observed in extensive dilatometric experiments by Kovacs [Kovacs, A. J. (1964). In Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren‐Forschung , 3 , 394–507. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.] in the 1960s. The reported data show an apparent two mechanism structural (enthalpy) recovery at aging temperatures ranging from 6 to 17 K below which is also controversial as it could not be reproduced in work from Koh and Simon [Koh, Y. P., & Simon, S. L. (2013). Macromolecules , 46(14), 5815–5821.] where a second plateau observed in the enthalpy loss curve was not reproduced in nearly 1‐year‐long experiments at 15 K below . Therefore, it is important to determine what might be possible reasons for the apparent non‐smooth relaxations. Here, we examine the possibility that the poor temperature control of a typical vacuum oven could explain the anomalous results. We used the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) model of structural recovery to calculate the effect of typical vacuum oven temperature variation on the structural recovery of polystyrene and find that we can reproduce the reported experimental results. The issue of temperature control using a vacuum oven is discussed, and data from thermocouple measurements of temperature at various locations inside a vacuum oven are shown.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1984

Hurricane Debby - Analysis and numerical forecasts using VAS soundings

The utility of VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) temperature and moisture soundings in defining the storm and its surroundings at subsynoptic scales has been examined using a numerical analysis and prognosis system. In particular, VAS temperature and moisture soundings and cloud and water vapor motion winds have been used in numerical analysis for three time periods. It is shown that the VAS temperature and moisture data which specify temperature and moisture well in cloud free regions are complemented by cloud and water vapor wind data which provide horizontal gradient information for the cloudy areas. The loss of analysis integrity due to the reduction of VAS data density in the cloudy regions associated with synoptic activity is ameliorated by using cloud and water vapor motion winds. The improvement in numerical forecasts resulting from the addition of these data to the numerical data base is also recorded.

Le Marshall, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Hurricane Debby - An illustration of the complementary nature of VAS soundings and cloud and water vapor motion winds

The utility of VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) temperature and moisture soundings and cloud and water vapor motion winds in defining a storm and its surroundings at subsynoptic scales has been examined using a numerical analysis and prognosis system. It is shown that the VAS temperature and moisture data, which specify temperature and moisture well in cloud-free areas, are complemented by cloud and water vapor motion data generated in the cloudy areas. The cloud and water vapor 'winds' provide thermal gradient information for interpolating the soundings across cloudy regions. The loss of analysis integrity due to the reduction of VAS sounding density in the cloudy regions associated with synoptic activity is ameliorated by using cloud and water vapor motion winds. The improvement in numerical forecasts resulting from the addition of these data to the numerical analysis is recorded.

Le Marshall, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Correlation Studies of Sea Ice Concentration with Surface Temperature and Meltponding

The spatial and temporal variability of sea ice concentrations derived from passive microwave data is studied in conjunction with co-registered high resolution infrared and visible satellite data. Cloud free infrared and visible data provide surface temperature and large scale surface characteristics, respectively, that can be used to better understand regional and seasonal fluctuations in ice concentrations. Results from correlation analysis of ice concentration versus surface temperature data show the intuitively expected negative relationship but the strength in the relationship is unexpectedly very strong. In the Antarctic, the correlation is consistently very high spatially when yearly anomalies are used, and not so high in some areas when seasonal anomalies are used, especially during spring and summer. In the monthly anomalies, the correlation is also good, especially in dynamically active regions. The expanse in the anomalies in surface temperature are shown to go way beyond the sea ice regions into the open ocean and continental areas, suggesting strong atmospheric forcing. Weak correlations are normally found in highly consolidated areas, where large changes in temperature do not cause large changes in ice concentration on a short term, and in open ocean polynya areas, where the change in ice concentration may be cause by melt from the underside of the ice. In the Arctic, strong correlations between surface temperature and ice concentration are evident for all seasons except during the summer. In the summer, factors such as meltponding, surface wetness, and ice breakup, as detected by high resolution visible data, contributes to larger uncertainties in the determination of ice concentration and the lack of good correlation of the variables.

Comiso, J. C.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Geothermal reservoir characterization using distributed temperature sensing at Brady Geothermal Field, Nevada

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems provide near real-time data collection that captures borehole spatiotemporal temperature dynamics. For this study, temperature data was collected in an observation well at an active geothermal site for a period of eight days under geothermal production conditions. Collected temperature data showcase the ability of DTS systems to detect changes to the location of the steam-water interface, visualize borehole temperature recovery — following injection of a coldwater “slug” — and identify anomalously warm and/or cool zones. The high sampling rate and spatial resolution of DTS data also shows borehole temperature dynamics that are not captured by traditional pressure-temperature survey tools. Inversion of thermal recovery data using a finite-difference heat-transfer model produces a thermal-diffusivity profile that is consistent with laboratorymeasured values and correlates with identified lithologic changes within the borehole. Used alone or in conjunction with complementary data sets, DTS systems are useful tools for developing a better understanding of both reservoir rock thermal properties as well as within and near borehole fluid movement.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1996

Land Surface Temperature Measurements form EOS MODIS Data

We have developed a physics-based land-surface temperature (LST) algorithm for simultaneously retrieving surface band-averaged emissivities and temperatures from day/night pairs of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data in seven thermal infrared bands. The set of 14 nonlinear equations in the algorithm is solved with the statistical regression method and the least-squares fit method. This new LST algorithm was tested with simulated MODIS data for 80 sets of band-averaged emissivities calculated from published spectral data of terrestrial materials in wide ranges of atmospheric and surface temperature conditions. Comprehensive sensitivity and error analysis has been made to evaluate the performance of the new LST algorithm and its dependence on variations in surface emissivity and temperature, upon atmospheric conditions, as well as the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NE(Delta)T) and calibration accuracy specifications of the MODIS instrument. In cases with a systematic calibration error of 0.5%, the standard deviations of errors in retrieved surface daytime and nighttime temperatures fall between 0.4-0.5 K over a wide range of surface temperatures for mid-latitude summer conditions. The standard deviations of errors in retrieved emissivities in bands 31 and 32 (in the 10-12.5 micrometer IR spectral window region) are 0.009, and the maximum error in retrieved LST values falls between 2-3 K. Several issues related to the day/night LST algorithm (uncertainties in the day/night registration and in surface emissivity changes caused by dew occurrence, and the cloud cover) have been investigated. The LST algorithms have been validated with MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) dada and ground-based measurement data in two field campaigns conducted in Railroad Valley playa, NV in 1995 and 1996. The MODIS LST version 1 software has been delivered.

Wan, Zhengming↗
NASA NTRS1972

A multispectral technique to determine sea surface temperature using Nimbus 2 data.

Three channels of the Nimbus 2 five-channel Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer have been employed in the development of a technique to determine sea surface temperature. Two of the channels in the 0.2-4.0 and 6.4-6.9 micron spectral regions are used to indicate a cloud-free line of sight and the third, a high signal-to-noise window channel (10-11 microns), measures the equivalent blackbody temperature (Tbb) which is a function of the thermal emission from the sea surface and the intervening atmosphere. Equivalent blackbody temperatures and normalized reflectance thresholds were established using frequency distributions from the 6.4-6.9 and 0.2-4.0 micron channels, respectively, to determine the existence of cloud-free conditions. The window Tbb's were compared with ship ocean temperature measurements for a one-month period over the western North Atlantic. This comparison revealed a plus or minus 1.5 K dispersion about the mean difference between the ship temperatures and window Tbb's between 31-34 N.

Shenk, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Decadal Seasonal Shifts of Precipitation and Temperature in TRMM and AIRS Data

We present results from an analysis of seasonal phase shifts in the global precipitation and surface temperatures. We use data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) Multi-satellite Precipitation Algorithm (TMPA), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua satellite, all hosted at NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). We explore the information content and data usability by first aggregating daily grids from the entire records of both missions to pentad (5-day) series which are then processed using Singular Value Decomposition approach. A strength of this approach is the normalized principal components that can then be easily converted from real to complex time series. Thus, we can separate the most informative, the seasonal, components and analyze unambiguously for potential seasonal phase drifts. TMPA and AIRS records represent correspondingly 20 and 15 years of data, which allows us to run simple “phase learning†from the first 5 years of records and use it as reference. The most recent 5 years are then phase-compared with the reference. We demonstrate that the seasonal phase of global precipitation and surface temperatures has been stable in the past two decades. However, a small global trend of delayed precipitation, and earlier arrival of surface temperatures seasons, are detectable at 95% confidence level. Larger phase shifts are detectable at regional level, in regions recognizable from the Eigen vectors to having strong seasonal patterns. For instance, in Central North America, including the North American Monsoon region, confident phase shifts of 1-2 days per decade are detected at 95% confidence level. While seemingly symbolic, these shifts are indicative of larger changes in the Earth Climate System. We thus also demonstrate a potential usability scenario of Earth Science Data Records curated at the NASA GES DISC in partnership with Earth Science Missions.

surface temperatures↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strain gauge for testing microreactor hexagonal core blocks in the Single Primary Heat Extraction and Removal Emulator

To support the development and deployment of microreactor technologies, experiments that help verify and validate reactor systems and components are performed at non-nuclear test facilities. The Single Primary Heat Extraction Removal Emulator at Idaho National Laboratory is one of these test facilities and was used to monitor a test article that has a prototypic geometry of a heat-pipe cooled microreactor core block. To collect crucial temperature and strain data during testing, temperature and strain sensing fiber optics were embedded to the surface of the test article using an ultrasonic additive manufacturing technique. To support and provide benchmark strain data for the embedded sensors, a commercial resistive strain gauge was attached. This report will discuss the results from the deployment of the commercial strain gauge which includes the setup/attachment strategies, data acquisition, and analysis of the strain data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1974

Model wall and recovery temperature effects on experimental heat transfer data analysis

Basic analytical procedures are used to illustrate, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the relative impact upon heat transfer data analysis of certain factors which may affect the accuracy of experimental heat transfer data. Inaccurate knowledge of adiabatic wall conditions results in a corresponding inaccuracy in the measured heat transfer coefficient. The magnitude of the resulting error is extreme for data obtained at wall temperatures approaching the adiabatic condition. High model wall temperatures and wall temperature gradients affect the level and distribution of heat transfer to an experimental model. The significance of each of these factors is examined and its impact upon heat transfer data analysis is assessed.

Throckmorton, D. A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Utah FORGE: Data for 3-D Model Development - Lithology, Temperature, Pressure, and Stress

This submission comprises two downloadable .zip archives. Each archive contains spreadsheets with 3-D data and a .txt document describing the data. The Mesh Files .zip download contains data regarding the lithologic contacts of the granitoid and overlying sedimentary basin fill. The Initial Conditions .zip download contains data regarding temperature, pressure, and stress. These data were generated during Utah FORGE Phase 2 and exported from Seequent Leapfrog Geothermal. They are intended for use in 3-D earth modeling.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1977

A global thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I - N2 density and temperature

Measurements of neutral nitrogen density from mass spectrometers on five satellites (AE-B, Ogo 6, San Marco 3, Aeros A, and AE-C) and neutral temperatures inferred from incoherent scatter measurements at four ground stations are combined to produce a model of thermospheric neutral temperatures and nitrogen densities similar to the Ogo 6 empirical model (Hedin et al., 1974). This global model is designated MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter). The global average temperature, the annual temperature variation, lower bound density, and lower bound temperature are discussed. The data set covers the time period from the end of 1965 to mid-1975 and also a wide range of solar activities. Diurnal and semidiurnal variations in lower bound density and temperature are considered, as is magnetic activity.

Hedin, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Microwave brightness of polar firn as measured by Nimbus 5 and 6 ESMR

The microwave emission from a half-space medium characterized by coordinate dependent scattering and absorbing centers was calculated by numerically solving the radiative transfer equation by the method of invariant imbedding. A Mie scattering phase function and surface polarization was included in the calculation. Also included are the physical temperature profile and the temperature variation of the index of refraction for ice. Using published values of grain size and temperature profile data of polar firn, the brightness temperature was calculated for the 1.55 cm and 0.8 cm wavelengths. For selected regions in Greenland and Antarctica, the results are in reasonable agreement with the observed Nimbus-5 and Nimbus-6 ESMR data.

Chang, A. T. C.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Characterizing Wildfires in Western US.: A Cloud-based Case Study for Interdisciplinary Research using NASA Resources

This presentation will demonstrate a case study of interdisciplinary research done in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, in addition to in the local machine. We conduct data analysis next to data by leveraging various cloud-based data in NASA Earthdata Cloud, which are distributed by different missions/NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), and cloud computing resources at NASA. For instance, we directly access multiple datasets stored in the AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) buckets using a Python Jupyter notebook through a JupyterHub interface hosted in AWS (without having to download data), and conduct data analysis next to data in the cloud. We will also show how to share the research results following Open Source policy. This case study characterizes the change in wildfire events in the western United States during the past 20 years. In particular, we focus on the wildfires in California in 2021, one of the most severe wildfire years occurring in the most recent 20 years in California. We will analyze the possible causes of wildfires, such as drought conditions and climate variability, and examine the impacts of wildfires on air quality and atmospheric composition, and on land cover. We will examine the data distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), including aerosols and meteorological data from the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Global Precipitation Climate Project (GPCP), and aerosol index from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We also utilize the data distributed by the Physical Oceanography (PO) DAAC, such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST), and the data distributed by Land Processes (LP) DAAC, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).

Xiaohua Pan↗