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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2024

Methodology for Good Machine Learning with Multi‐Omics Data

In 2020, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) started a 4‐year scientific collaboration to approach complex new data modalities and advanced analytics. The scientific question was to find novel radio‐genomics‐based prognostic and predictive factors for HR+/HER− metastatic breast cancer under a Research Collaboration Agreement. This collaboration has been providing valuable insights to help successfully implement future scientific projects, particularly using artificial intelligence and machine learning. This tutorial aims to provide tangible guidelines for a multi‐omics project that includes multidisciplinary expert teams, spanning across different institutions. We cover key ideas, such as “maintaining effective communication” and “following good data science practices,” followed by the four steps of exploratory projects, namely (1) plan, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. We break each step into smaller concepts with strategies for implementation and provide illustrations from our collaboration to further give the readers actionable guidance.

Pharmacology & Pharmacy↗
NASA NTRS2001

Achieving the Earth Science Enterprise Vision for the 21st Century: Platform Challenges

The ESE observational architecture of the future vision is dramatically different from that of today. The vision suggests observations from multiple orbits, collaborating space assets, and even seamless integration of space and other assets. Observations from GEO or from Libration points rather than from LEO suggest spacecraft carrying instruments with large deployable apertures. Minimization of launch costs suggests that these large apertures have long life, be extremely mass and volume efficient, and have low life cycle cost. Another significant challenge associated with high latitude orbits is high precision pointing and control. Finally, networks of spacecraft flying in predetermined constellation will be required either to apply complementary assets to an observation or to extend the virtual aperture beyond that attainable with a single spacecraft. These changes dictate development of new technology on several fronts, which are outlined in this paper. A section on high speed communications will outline requirements and approaches now envisioned. Sensorwebs will be developed from the viewpoint of work already begun for both space and for terrestrial networks. Precision guidance, navigation and control will be addressed from the perspective of precision flying for repeat pass interferometry and extreme pointing stability for advanced altimetry. A separate section will address requirements for distributed systems. Large lightweight deployables will be discussed with an emphasis on inflatable technology and its predicted benefits for large aperture instruments. For each technology area listed, current state-of-the-art, technological approaches for future development, and projected levels of performance are outlined.

Lemmerman, Loren↗
NASA NTRS2018

NASA Centers and Universities Collaborate Through Smallsat Technology Partnerships

The Small Spacecraft Technology (SST) Program within the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate is chartered develop and demonstrate the capabilities that enable small spacecraft to achieve science and exploration missions in "unique" and "more affordable" ways. Specifically, the SST program seeks to enable new mission architectures through the use of small spacecraft, to expand the reach of small spacecraft to new destinations, and to make possible the augmentation existing assets and future missions with supporting small spacecraft. The SST program sponsors smallsat technology development partnerships between universities and NASA Centers in order to engage the unique talents and fresh perspectives of the university community and to share NASA experience and expertise in relevant university projects to develop new technologies and capabilities for small spacecraft. These partnerships also engage NASA personnel in the rapid, agile and cost-conscious small spacecraft approaches that have evolved in the university community, as well as increase support to university efforts and foster a new generation of innovators for NASA and the nation.

Partnerships↗
NASA NTRS1993

AIRSAR deployment in Australia, September 1993: Management and objectives

Past co-operation between the NASA Earth Science and Applications Division and the CSIRO and Australian university researchers has led to a number of mutually beneficial activities. These include the deployment of the C-130 aircraft with TIMS, AIS, and NS001 sensors in Australia in 1985; collaboration between scientists from the USA and Australia in soils research which has extended for the past decade; and in the development of imaging spectroscopy where DSIRO and NASA have worked closely together and regularly exchanged visiting scientists. In May this year TIMS was flown in eastern Australia on board a CSIRO-owned aircraft together with a CSIRO-designed CO2 laser spectrometer. The Science Investigation Team for the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIRC-C) Program includes one Australian Principal Investigator and ten Australian co-investigators who will work on nine projects related to studying land and near-shore surfaces after the Shuttle flight scheduled for April 1994. This long-term continued joint collaboration was progressed further with the deployment of AIRSAR downunder in September 1993. During a five week period, the DC-8 aircraft flew in all Australian states and collected data from some 65 individual test sites.

Milne, A. K.↗
NASA NTRS2021

New Observing Strategies Testbed (NOS-T)

The New Observing Strategies (NOS) initiative within the NASA Earth Science Technology Office(ESTO)Advanced Information Systems Technology(AIST) program envisions future Earth science missions with distributed sensors(nodes) interconnected by a communications fabric that enables dynamic and intelligent operations [1].Some NOS concepts resemble systems-of-systems or collaborative systems where operational authority is distributed among multiple systems, necessitating new methods for systems engineering and design to cope with more decentralized control over constituent systems[2].The New Observing Strategies Testbed (NOS-T, verbalized as "enoh es tee") is a computational environment to develop, test, mature, and socialize new operating concepts and technology for NOS. NOS-T provides infrastructure to integrate and orchestrate user-contributed applications for system-of-systems test cases with true distributed control over constituent systems. The overall concept, illustrated in Figure 1, interconnects individual user applications and a NOS-T manager application via common information system infrastructure to coordinate the execution of virtual Earth science missions. NOS-T enables principal investigators to conduct test runs in the same environment, systematically changing variables to assess the overall efficacy of the proposed new observing strategies. Recorded data and outcomes provide evidence to advance technology readiness level and improve or innovate upon existing Earth science measurement techniques

Paul Grogan↗
DOE OSTI2022

Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics

Abstract Openly shared low-cost electronic hardware applications, known as open electronics, have sparked a new open-source movement, with much untapped potential to advance scientific research. Initially designed to appeal to electronic hobbyists, open electronics have formed a global “maker” community and are increasingly used in science and industry. In this perspective article, we review the current costs and benefits of open electronics for use in scientific research ranging from the experimental to the theoretical sciences. We discuss how user-made electronic applications can help (I) individual researchers, by increasing the customization, efficiency, and scalability of experiments, while improving data quantity and quality; (II) scientific institutions, by improving access to customizable high-end technologies, sustainability, visibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration potential; and (III) the scientific community, by improving transparency and reproducibility, helping decouple research capacity from funding, increasing innovation, and improving collaboration potential among researchers and the public. We further discuss how current barriers like poor awareness, knowledge access, and time investments can be resolved by increased documentation and collaboration, and provide guidelines for academics to enter this emerging field. We highlight that open electronics are a promising and powerful tool to help scientific research to become more innovative and reproducible and offer a key practical solution to improve democratic access to science.

Oellermann, Michael (ORCID:0000000153926737)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ineffectiveness of formamidine in suppressing ultralow thermal conductivity in cubic hybrid perovskite FAPbI 3

Understanding lattice dynamics and thermal transport mechanisms in cubic hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites remain challenging due to strong anharmonicity and phase transitions. Here, we investigate the thermal transport behavior in benchmark cubic hybrid perovskite FAPbI 3 by coupling first principles-based anharmonic lattice dynamics with a linearized Wigner transport equation. Using the Temperature-Dependent Effective Potential (TDEP) method, we stabilize the negative soft modes, primarily dominated by organic FA + cations. Our calculations predict an ultra-low thermal conductivity of ~$0.63\,{\rm{W}}{{\rm{m}}}^{-1}{{\rm{K}}}^{-1}$ at 300 K, following a temperature dependence of T −0.740 . Contrary to common assumptions, we find that the [PbI 3 ] 1- units, rather than FA + cations, dominate thermal resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that anharmonic force constants are highly temperature-sensitive, relying on 0-K force constants significantly underestimates thermal conductivity. Our study not only elucidates the microscopic mechanisms governing thermal transport in FAPbI 3 but also provides a robust framework for modeling heat conduction in hybrid organic-inorganic compounds.

Zheng, Jiongzhi [Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (U↗
DOE OSTI2019

Dynamical Self-Assembly: Constrained phase separation and mesoscale dynamics in lipid membranes (Final Report)

This final technical report summarizes scientific and technical achievements derived through the the award, DE-FG02-04ER46173 [2013-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018(NCE)], for the grant proposal titled, “Dynamical Self-Assembly: Constrained phase separation and mesoscale dynamics in lipid membranes.” The effort was organized into three major scientific aims: (1) characterize the mechanism of inter-layer coupling of laterally phase-separated domains in stacked lipid bilayers; (2) characterize curvature-dependent dynamic reorganization in membrane milieu; and (3) characterize real-time effects of mechanochemical perturbations on lateral phase separation membrane bilayers. The cumulative weight of the activities, including experimental research and collaborative modeling, disseminated through the publications listed above and presentations, has addressed two over-arching objectives: (a) to abstract a physical science based understanding of fundamental rules that determine dynamic self-assembly processes in lipid bilayer membranes - a versatile class of biologically inspired interfacial complex fluids and (b) to translate these physical principles into quantitative design rules for the development of new classes of membrane-based complex materials that exhibit complex, co-operative, and adaptive behavior.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

LANL Overview Summer 2020 [Slides]

This presentation provides an overview of the lab, the organization, operations and mission, and the six key areas of science technology and engineering. Next, the presentation provides a picture of employment at LANL and gives advice for exploring opportunities for both collaboration and employment.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

LaserNetUS. Final report

In this proposal we have formed a consortium in response to a request from the DoE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to establish a national network of Petawatt-class laser systems to act as domestic user facilities that can enable a broad range of frontier scientific research. This new entity is called LaserNet US. The network formed here is directly responsive to recommendations made in a recently released National Academy of Sciences Report with regard to US strategy for high intensity laser research, “Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light”. As detailed in this report, the research in this area has the potential to transform science in a number of research fields and to open up new areas of fundamental research. High field science was initiated in the US in the 1990’s, and subsequently Europe and Asia have embraced this research field, investing more than a billion dollars in this area over the past several years. Our network includes five academic and two national lab-based high intensity laser facilities. These facilities are distributed geographically throughout the US and the network provides access to complementary facilities which have unique world-class laser and experimental capabilities. LaserNet US will make these existing Petawatt-class laser facilities available to users from around the country who until now have not had regular access to such machines. Consequently, the network, which will develop over time, will also become a key element in driving forward national research in high field and high energy density plasma science. In particular, the University of Michigan provides access to the Hercules laser facility and the T-cubed laser facility for collaborative experiments as part of the first year operation. In the second year - to begin in summer 2019 - the experiments will be chosen via proposal submission and review by an outside panel formed by DOE.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Smart, Connected Manufactured Housing Solutions through High-Performance Design. Final CRADA report

This report focuses on HVAC, domestic hot water, and miscellaneous electric loads via voluntary opportunities that may arise from partnerships with utilities, as well as future US Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR and DOE Zero Energy Ready Manufactured Home programs. Phase I of this project has begun the technical dialogue toward developing an implementation plan among DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Clayton Manufactured Homes, and US Department of Housing and Urban Development Code manufactured housing stakeholders. These activities have focused on delivering high-performance design through integration of technology. Project tasks include the following: Identifying baseline energy analysis resources opportunities from a variety of DOE and utility stakeholders; Developing a smart home and business solution by leveraging existing utility programs working with Smart Homes Partners resources such as ACE IoT Solutions, Google Nest, and Ecobee; Developing improved smarter ventilation systems with industry ventilation partners such as the Madison Group; Developing improved building science QA/QC testing equipment with manufacturers such as The Energy Conservatory, and supporting other feasible concepts vetted under DOE’s Advanced Buildings Collaborative with Slipstream, reinventing HVAC in manufactured housing; and, Developing smart home short- and long-term viable technical solutions in coordination with Clayton Manufactured Homes in new and/or revitalized community scales for future Phase II prototype demonstrations, which may include design (and perhaps construction) of single-section homes targeting rental property developers and multi-section homes targeting low- to middle-income affordable housing community developers Given the ongoing US Department of Energy (DOE) rulemaking activities, baseline energy analysis assessments of envelope prescriptive and Uo (i.e., the overall thermal energy efficiency of the home in British thermal units per square foot of exterior heat loss/gain surfaces) measures were removed from the scope of Phase I of this project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1994

X-ray temporal and spectral studies of blazars with the Ginga satellite

This is the final report to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) concerning NASA grant NAG8-697. This grant was awarded to Dr. C. Megan Urry of the Space Telescope Science Institute in response to a proposal, entitled 'X-Ray Temporal and Spectral Studies of Blazars with the Ginga Satellite', to collaborate with Japanese colleagues in using the Ginga X-ray satellite. The grant was originally awarded on 2/27/88 and expired on 3/31/94. The Ginga X-ray satellite had unprecedented sensitivity in the 2-20 keV energy band, allowing us to make detailed temporal and spectral studies of a large number of blazars, which are a kind of unusually luminous and variable active galactic nuclei. We were successful with several proposals and were able to observe a number of different active galactic nuclei. Our investigations under this grant fall broadly into two categories: (1) Ginga observations of blazars, usually in conjunction with simultaneous multiwavelength observations using other facilities; and (2) the application of calculated pair plasma spectra to the X-ray colors of active galactic nuclei. These are described in turn.

Urry, C. Megan↗
NASA NTRS1996

The Non-Axisymmetric Milky Way

The Dwek et al. model represents the current state-of-the-art model for the stellar structure of our Galaxy. The improvements we have made to this model take a number of forms: (1) the construction of a more detailed dust model so that we can extend our modeling to the galactic plane; (2) simultaneous fits to the bulge and the disk; (3) the construction of the first self-consistent model for a galactic bar; and (4) the development and application of algorithms for constructing nonparametric bar models. The improved Galaxy model has enabled a number of exciting science projects. In Zhao et al., we show that the number and duration of microlensing events seen by the OGLE and MACHO collaborations towards the bulge were consistent with the predictions of our bar model. In Malhotra et al., we constructed an infrared Tully-Fisher (TF) relation for the local group. We found the tightest TF relation ever seen in any band and in any group of galaxies. The tightness of the correlation places strong constraints on galaxy formation models and provides a independent check of the Cepheid distance scale.

Spergel, David N.↗
NASA NTRS1997

The Solar-B Mission

Solar-B, the next ISAS mission (with major NASA participation), is designed to address the fundamental question of how magnetic fields interact with plasma to produce solar variability. The mission has a number of unique capabilities that will enable it to answer the outstanding questions of solar magnetism. First, by escaping atmospheric seeing, it will deliver continuous observations of the solar surface with unprecedented spatial resolution. Second, Solar-B will deliver the first accurate measurements of all three components of the photospheric magnetic field. Solar-B will measure both the magnetic energy driving the photosphere and simultaneously its effects in the corona. Solar-B offers unique programmatic opportunities to NASA. It will continue an effective collaboration with our most reliable international partner. It will deliver images and data that will have strong public outreach potential. Finally, the science of Solar-B is clearly related to the themes of origins and plasma astrophysics, and contributes directly to the national space weather and global change programs.

Antiochos, Spiro↗
NASA NTRS1997

A Comprehensive Opacities/Atomic Database for the Analysis of Astrophysical Spectra and Modeling

The main goals of this ADP award have been accomplished. The electronic database TOPBASE, consisting of the large volume of atomic data from the Opacity Project, has been installed and is operative at a NASA site at the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics Science Research Center (HEASRC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The database will be continually maintained and updated by the PI and collaborators. TOPBASE is publicly accessible from IP: topbase.gsfc.nasa.gov. During the last six months (since the previous progress report), considerable work has been carried out to: (1) put in the new data for low ionization stages of iron: Fe I - V, beginning with Fe II, (2) high-energy photoionization cross sections computed by Dr. Hong Lin Zhang (consultant on the Project) were 'merged' with the current Opacity Project data and input into TOPbase; (3) plans laid out for a further extension of TOPbase to include TIPbase, the database for collisional data to complement the radiative data in TOPbase.

Pradhan, Anil K.↗
NASA NTRS2003

NASA-OAI Collaborative Aerospace Research and Fellowship Program

During the summer of 2003, a IO-week activity for university faculty entitled the NASA-OAI Collaborative Aerospace Research and Fellowship Program (CFP) was conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center in collaboration with the Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI). The objectives of CFP are: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty, (2) to stimulate an exchange of ideas between teaching participants and employees of NASA, (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants' institutions, and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of Glenn. This report is intended primarily to summarize the research activities comprising the 2003 CFP Program at Glenn.

Heyward, Ann O.↗
NASA NTRS2011

The Ensemble Canon

Ensemble is an open architecture for the development, integration, and deployment of mission operations software. Fundamentally, it is an adaptation of the Eclipse Rich Client Platform (RCP), a widespread, stable, and supported framework for component-based application development. By capitalizing on the maturity and availability of the Eclipse RCP, Ensemble offers a low-risk, politically neutral path towards a tighter integration of operations tools. The Ensemble project is a highly successful, ongoing collaboration among NASA Centers. Since 2004, the Ensemble project has supported the development of mission operations software for NASA's Exploration Systems, Science, and Space Operations Directorates.

applications programs (computers),↗