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Results for “multifunctionality”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,297 records · Page 72
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic semiconducting Cu{sub 2}CoSnS{sub 4} nanoparticles

Multifunctional wurtzite Cu{sub 2}CoSnS{sub 4} (CCoTS) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by facile hot-injection method using elemental sulfur as sulfur source. As-synthesized CCoTS nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification. Morphology of as-prepared nanoparticles was examined using FEG-SEM and FEG-TEM. Resistivity of film was measured using four probe method and it’s value (0.8 Ωcm) lies in the range of semiconductors. Magnetization curve of Cu{sub 2}CoSnS{sub 4} nanoparticles (at room temperature) indicates weak ferromagnetic behavior.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Study of multi-functionality of lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO{sub 3})

In the present work, multifunctional behaviors of LaFeO{sub 3} (LFO) are investigated by studying its dielectric and photocatalytic properties, respectively. LFO is synthesized by microwave-assisted co-precipitation route. Orthorhombic structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and data is well fitted using Rietveld refinement by Full-Prof suite. Frequency and Temperature dependence dielectric behavior are systematically studied. The dielectric constant of LFO was found to be 2500 – 3000 with dissipation factor less than 5%. Photodegradation of toxic dye (Methylene Blue) using as-prepared LFO is also investigated. UV-visible absorption spectra are used to study the photodegradation behaviour. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) taken from textile industries by LFO are reported. The colossal value of dielectric constant of LFO exhibits high potential to use as room temperature capacitive component for device miniaturization in microelectronics as well as photodegradation ability shows good photocatalyst.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Facile fabrication of a ultraviolet tunable MoS{sub 2}/p-Si junction diode

Chemical vapor deposition grown MoS{sub 2} single crystals were transferred onto the edge of a p-Si/SiO{sub 2} wafer, forming an abrupt heterogeneous junction diode at the MoS{sub 2}/p-Si interface. When electrically characterized as a field effect transistor, MoS{sub 2} exhibits an n-type response and can be doped in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. As a diode, it operates satisfactorily in air, but has higher currents in vacuum with a turn on voltage of ∼1.3 V and an on/off ratio of 20 at ±2 V. UV irradiation increases the diode on state current, decreases the turn-on voltage, and reduces the ideality parameter below 2. These changes are reversible after annealing in air as desorption of electron trapping species like O{sub 2}{sup −} and H{sub 2}O{sup −} are believed responsible for this effect. A circuit integrating this diode was used to rectify a 1 kHz signal with an efficiency of 12%. Its simple design, coupled with the ability to clip AC signals, sense UV light, and reversibly tune these diodes, makes them inexpensive, multifunctional, and usable as active or passive circuit components in complex electronics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Room-temperature ferroelectricity of SrTiO{sub 3} films modulated by cation concentration

The room-temperature ferroelectricity of SrTiO{sub 3} is promising for oxide electronic devices controlled by multiple fields. An effective way to control the ferroelectricity is highly demanded. Here, we show that the off-centered antisite-like defects in SrTiO{sub 3} films epitaxially grown on Si (001) play the determinative role in the emergence of room-temperature ferroelectricity. The density of these defects changes with the film cation concentration sensitively, resulting in a varied coercive field of the ferroelectric behavior. Consequently, the room-temperature ferroelectricity of SrTiO{sub 3} films can be effectively modulated by tuning the temperature of metal sources during the molecular beam epitaxy growth. Such an easy and reliable modulation of the ferroelectricity enables the flexible engineering of multifunctional oxide electronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tuning the conductivity threshold and carrier density of two-dimensional electron gas at oxide interfaces through interface engineering

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the perovskite oxides heterostructures is of great interest because of its potential applications in oxides electronics and nanoscale multifunctional devices. A canonical example is the 2DEG at the interface between a polar oxide LaAlO{sub 3} (LAO) and non-polar SrTiO{sub 3} (STO). Here, the LAO polar oxide can be regarded as the modulating or doping layer and is expected to define the electronic properties of 2DEG at the LAO/STO interface. However, to practically implement the 2DEG in electronics and device design, desired properties such as tunable 2D carrier density are necessary. Here, we report the tuning of conductivity threshold, carrier density and electronic properties of 2DEG in LAO/STO heterostructures by insertion of a La{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} (LSTO) layer of varying thicknesses, and thus modulating the amount of polarization of the oxide over layers. Our experimental result shows an enhancement of carrier density up to a value of about five times higher than that observed at the LAO/STO interface. A complete thickness dependent metal-insulator phase diagram is obtained by varying the thickness of LAO and LSTO providing an estimate for the critical thickness needed for the metallic phase. The observations are discussed in terms of electronic reconstruction induced by polar oxides.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ultrasensitive organic phototransistors with multispectral response based on thin-film/single-crystal bilayer structures

We report on highly efficient organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on thin-film/single-crystal planar bilayer junctions between 5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene (rubrene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C{sub 61}-butyric acid methyl ester (PC{sub 61}BM). The OPTs show good field-effect characteristics in the dark, with high hole-mobility (4–5 cm{sup 2} V{sup −1} s{sup −1}), low-contact resistance (20 kΩ cm), and low-operating voltage (≤5 V). Excellent sensing capabilities allow for light detection in the 400–750 nm range, with photocurrent/dark current ratio as high as 4 × 10{sup 4}, responsivity on the order of 20 AW{sup −1} at 27 μW cm{sup −2}, and an external quantum efficiency of 52 000%. Photocurrent generation is attributed to enhanced electron and hole transfer at the interface between rubrene and PC{sub 61}BM, and fast response times are observed as a consequence of the high-mobility of the interfaces. The optoelectronic properties exhibited in these OPTs outperform those typically provided by a-Si based devices, enabling future applications where multifunctionality in a single-device is sought.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electric field dependence of junction magnetoresistance in magnetite/semiconductor heterostructure at room temperature

We have fabricated Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/p-Si heterojunction using pulsed laser deposition technique and explored its electro-magnetic transport properties. The heterojunction exhibits backward rectifying property at all temperatures, and appraisal of giant junction magnetoresistance (JMR) is observed at room temperature (RT). Conspicuously, the variation and sign change of JMR as a function of electric field is observed at RT. The backward rectifying behavior of the device is ascribed to the highly doped p-type (p{sup ++}) semiconducting nature of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, and the origin of electric field (voltage) dependence of magnetoresistance is explained proposing electronic band diagram of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}/p-Si heterojunction. This interesting result may have importance to integrate Si-based magnetoresistance sources in multifunctional spintronic devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optically readout write once read many memory with single active organic layer

An optically readable write once read many memory (WORM) in Ag/Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH PPV)/ITO is demonstrated in this work. Utilising characteristics of the organic light emitting diode structure of Ag/MEH PPV/ITO and electrochemical metallization of Ag, a WORM with light emitting capability can be realised. The simple fabrication process and multifunction capability of the device can be useful for future wearable optoelectronics and photomemory applications, where fast and parallel readout can be achieved by photons.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Size dependent magnetic and electrical properties of Ba-doped nanocrystalline BiFeO{sub 3}

Improvement in magnetic and electrical properties of multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} in conjunction with their dependence on particle size is crucial due to its potential applications in multifunctional miniaturized devices. In this investigation, we report a study on particle size dependent structural, magnetic and electrical properties of sol-gel derived Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles of different sizes ranging from ∼ 12 to 49 nm. The substitution of Bi by Ba significantly suppresses oxygen vacancies, reduces leakage current density and Fe{sup 2+} state. An improvement in both magnetic and electrical properties is observed for 10 % Ba-doped BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles compared to its undoped counterpart. The saturation magnetization of Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles increase with reducing particle size in contrast with a decreasing trend of ferroelectric polarization. Moreover, a first order metamagnetic transition is noticed for ∼ 49 nm Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles which disappeared with decreasing particle size. The observed strong size dependent multiferroic properties are attributed to the complex interaction between vacancy induced crystallographic defects, multiple valence states of Fe, uncompensated surface spins, crystallographic distortion and suppression of spiral spin cycloid of BiFeO{sub 3}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Resistive switching and voltage induced modulation of tunneling magnetoresistance in nanosized perpendicular organic spin valves

Nanoscale multifunctional perpendicular organic spin valves have been fabricated. The devices based on an La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}/Alq3/Co trilayer show resistive switching of up to 4-5 orders of magnitude and magnetoresistance as high as -70% the latter even changing sign when voltage pulses are applied. This combination of phenomena is typically observed in multiferroic tunnel junctions where it is attributed to magnetoelectric coupling between a ferromagnet and a ferroelectric material. Modeling indicates that here the switching originates from a modification of the La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} surface. This modification influences the tunneling of charge carriers and thus both the electrical resistance and the tunneling magnetoresistance which occurs at pinholes in the organic layer.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesis and characterization of Eu{sup 3+}:Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} hollow spheres for biomedical applications

Multifunctional magnetic Nanoparticles (MFMNPs) are potentially applicable in both drug delivery systems (DDS) and hyperthermia treatment. Structural, surface morphology and optical property were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Uniform Eu{sup 3+}:Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} hollow microspheres of 1.8-2.0 μm diameters were synthesized by template based approach. We found that synthesized Hollow spheres are 100 nm in thickness. FE-SEM images revealed that the synthesized material are hollow in structure with good porous structure and these pores work as pathway for releasing drugs from the hollow particle inside. Luminescent properties of material were studied by room temperature photoluminescence emission spectra under the excitation of 275 nm. Material exhibit bright red emission corresponding to the {sup 5}D{sub 0}-{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition of the activator ions under ultraviolet light excitation, which might find potential applications in fields such as drug delivery or biological labeling because of their excellent luminescence properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Seeded emulsion polymerization as a powerful tool for the biofunctionalization of quantum dots

With the polymer encapsulation of quantum dots via seeded emulsion polymerization we present a powerful tool for the preparation of fluorescent nanoparticles with an extraordinary stability in aqueous solution. The method of the seeded emulsion polymerization allows a straightforward and simple in situ functionalization of the polymer shell under preserving the optical properties of the quantum dots. These requirements are inevitable for the application of semiconductor nanoparticles as markers for biomedical applications. Polymer encapsulated quantum dots have shown only a marginal loss of quantum yields when they were exposed to copper(II)-ions. Under normal conditions the quantum dots were totally quenched in presence of copper(II)-ions. Furthermore, a broad range of in situ functionalized polymer-coated quantum dots were obtained by addition of functional monomers or surfactants like fluorescent dye molecules, antibodies or specific DNA aptamers. Furthermore the emulsion polymerization can be used to prepare multifunctional hybrid systems, combining different nanoparticles within one construct without any adverse effect of the properties of the starting materials.{sup 1,2}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

An organic dye-polymer (phenol red-poly (vinyl alcohol)) composite architecture towards tunable -optical and -saturable absorption characteristics

Herein, we demonstrate that blending an organic dye (guest/filler), with a vinyl polymer (host template), is an inexpensive and simple approach for the fabrication of multifunctional photonic materials which could display an enhancement in the desirable properties of the constituent materials and, at the same time provide novel synergistic properties for the guest-host system. A new guest-host nanocomposite system comprising Phenol Red dye and poly (vinyl alcohol) as guest and host template, respectively, which exhibits tunable optical characteristics and saturable absorption behavior, is introduced. The dependence of local electronic environment provided by the polymer template and the interactions of the polymer molecules with the encapsulated guest molecules on the observed optical/nonlinear absorption behavior is discussed. An understanding of the tunability of the optical/ photophysical processes, with respect to the filler content, as discussed herein could help in the design of improved optical materials for several photonic device applications like organic light emitting diodes and saturable absorbers.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Gate-tunable rectification inversion and photovoltaic detection in graphene/WSe{sub 2} heterostructures

We studied electrical transport properties including gate-tunable rectification inversion and polarity inversion, in atomically thin graphene/WSe{sub 2} heterojunctions. Such engrossing characteristics are attributed to the gate tunable mismatch of Fermi levels of graphene and WSe{sub 2}. Also, such atomically thin heterostructure shows excellent performances on photodetection. The responsivity of 66.2 mA W{sup −1} (without bias voltage) and 350 A W{sup −1} (with 1 V bias voltage) can be reached. What is more, the devices show great external quantum efficiency of 800%, high detectivity of 10{sup 13} cm Hz{sup 1/2}/W, and fast response time of 30 μs. Our study reveals that vertical stacking of 2D materials has great potential for multifunctional electronic and optoelectronic device applications in the future.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesize and microstructure characterization of Ni{sub 43}Mn{sub 41}Co{sub 5}Sn{sub 11} Heusler alloy

The ferromagnetic heusler alloys are promising materials in many technical applications due to their multifunctional properties such as shape memory effect, magnetocaloric effect, giant magnetoresistance, etc. In this work, synthesize and characterization of polycrystalline Ni{sub 43}Mn{sub 41}Co{sub 5}Sn{sub 11} (NMCS) alloy are reported. Alloy preparation was conducted by melting the constitute elements under an innert Argon (Ar) atmosphere in a vacuum mini arc-melting furnace. Homogenization of the microstructure of the as-cast ingot was obtained after annealing process at 750°C for 48 hours. It is shown that the dendrites structure has changed to equaixed grains morphology after homogenization. Microstructure characteristics of material by x-ray diffraction revealed that the alloy has a L{sub 21}-type cubic crystal structure as the main phase at room temperature. In order to induce the shape anisotropy, a forging treatment was applied to show the shape orientation of material. Various enhancements of magnetic properties in a longitudinal direction were observed at various degree of anisotropy. The microstructure changes of as-cast NMCS and effects of homogenization treatments as studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) are discussed in details.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

LaF{sub 3} core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

We report on Ytterbium and Neodymium codoped LaF{sub 3} core/shell nanoparticles capable of simultaneous heating and thermal sensing under single beam infrared laser excitation. Efficient light-to-heat conversion is produced at the Neodymium highly doped shell due to non-radiative de-excitations. Thermal sensing is provided by the temperature dependent Nd{sup 3+} → Yb{sup 3+} energy transfer processes taking place at the core/shell interface. The potential application of these core/shell multifunctional nanoparticles for controlled photothermal subcutaneous treatments is also demonstrated.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Room temperature dual ferroic behaviour of ball mill synthesized NdFeO{sub 3} orthoferrite

Phase pure NdFeO{sub 3} has been achieved using high energy ball milling of oxide precursors with subsequent sintering. It is established that structural arrangement of NdFeO{sub 3} regulates the multifunctional feature of the material. Rietveld refinement of the room temperature X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the Fe-O-Fe bond angle significantly favors the super exchange interaction, which is predominantly antiferromagnetic in nature. Magnetization measurement illustrates antiferromagnetic behaviour with a weak ferromagnetic component caused by the canted nature of the Fe{sup 3+} spins at room temperature. Absorption bands in the visible ambit, apparent from the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance studies, is found due to the crystal ligand field of octahedral oxygen environment of Fe{sup 3+} ions. The direct band gap is estimated to be 2.39 eV from the diffuse reflectance spectrum. The lossy natured ferroelectric loop having a maximum polarization of 0.23 μC/cm{sup 2} at room temperature is found to be driven by the non-collinear magnetic structure with reverse Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya effect. Magnetic field has influence on the dielectric constant as evident from the impedance spectroscopy, indicating the strong coupling between ferroelectric and the magnetic structure of NdFeO{sub 3}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Confined states in photonic-magnonic crystals with complex unit cell

We have investigated multifunctional periodic structures in which electromagnetic waves and spin waves can be confined in the same areas. Such simultaneous localization of both sorts of excitations can potentially enhance the interaction between electromagnetic waves and spin waves. The system we considered has a form of one dimensional photonic-magnonic crystal with two types of magnetic layers (thicker and thinner ones) separated by sections of the dielectric photonic crystals. We focused on the electromagnetic defect modes localized in the magnetic layers (areas where spin waves can be excited) and decaying in the sections of conventional (nonmagnetic) photonic crystals. We showed how the change of relative thickness of two types of the magnetic layers can influence on the spectrum of spin waves and electromagnetic defect modes, both localized in magnetic parts of the system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗