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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,315 records · Page 73
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Synthesis and magnetic characterization of Sr-based Ni{sub 2}X-type hexaferrite

We have investigated the synthesis conditions, and the magnetic properties of the Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}X-type hexagonal ferrite, Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Fe{sub 28}O{sub 46}. The Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}X-type hexaferrite was synthesized at 1240{sup ∘}C. The spontaneous magnetization at 5 K was 44.2 μ{sub B}/f.u., suggesting that most of the Ni{sup 2+} ions are at the up-spin octahedral sites in the spinel-structure blocks within the model of a Néel-type collinear ferrimagnetic structure. The Curie temperature of the Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}X-type hexaferrite was estimated to be T{sub C}[Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}X] = 472{sup ∘}C. This is consistent with the difference of the block stacking structures of SrM-type, Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}X-type, SrNi{sub 2}W-type, and nickel spinel ferrites.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

A-type antiferromagnetic order in MnBi 4 Te 7 and MnBi 6 Te 10 single crystals

MnBi 4 Te 7 and MnBi 6 Te 10 are two members with n = 2 and 3 in the family of MnBi 2 n Te 3 n + 1 where the n = 1 member, MnBi 2 Te 4 , has been intensively investigated as the first intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator. In this work, we report the A-type antiferromagnetic order in these two compounds by measuring magnetic properties, electrical and thermal transport, specific heat, and single-crystal neutron diffraction. Both compounds order into an A-type antiferromagnetic structure as does MnBi 2 Te 4 with ferromagnetic planes coupled antiferromagnetically along the crystallographic c axis. While no evidence for any in-plane ordered moment is found for MnBi 2 Te 4 or MnBi 6 Te 10 , weak reflections at half- L positions along the [0 0 L ] direction are observed for MnBi 4 Te 7 suggesting an in-plane ordered moment around 0.15 μ B / Mn . The ordering temperature, T N , is 13 K for MnBi 4 Te 7 and 11 K for MnBi 6 Te 10 . The magnetic order is also manifested in the anisotropic magnetic properties. Furthermore, for both compounds, the interlayer coupling is weak and a spin-flip transition occurs when a magnetic field of around 1.6 kOe is applied along the c axis at 2 K. As observed in MnBi 2 Te 4 , when cooling across T N , no anomaly was observed in the temperature dependence of thermopower. On the other hand, critical scattering effects are observed in thermal conductivity although the effect is less pronounced than that in MnBi 2 Te 4 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic and structural properties of Ni film deposited on Si substrate

The structural and magnetic properties of as deposited and annealed Au capped Ni (20 nm) thin films on Si substrate are reported here. In the as prepared condition, the material does not show intermixing but annealing induces clusterization of mobile Ni atoms resulting in an increase in average crystallite size from ∼12 nm to ∼25 nm as revealed from X-ray diffraction measurements. Also, there is significant intermixing at the Ni/Si interface, which leads to the increase in coercivity and M{sub r}/M{sub s} ratio from 14 Oe to 93 Oe and 0.073 to 0.49 respectively. These polycrystalline samples were also subjected to low temperature (5 K) magnetic measurements in order to look for their compatibility for making magnetic recording structures. At low temperature, the as prepared sample shows coercivity of ∼283 Oe which increases to ∼300 Oe in annealed sample. The results are explained in terms of annealing induced intermixing, increase in grain size and release of stresses at Ni/Si interface.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Effect of Hf Substituting for Cu on the Glass-Forming Ability, Crystallization Behavior, and Saturation Magnetization in Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1−x}Hf{sub x} Alloys

The effect of Hf substituting for Cu on the glass-forming ability (GFA), crystallization behavior, and saturation magnetization (M{sub s}) in Fe-rich Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1−x}Hf{sub x} alloys has been investigated. The result shows that the addition of Hf plays a positive role in improving GFA, and the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 0.5}Hf{sub 0.5} alloy ribbon shows an entirely amorphous structure. Both the ribbons of Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} and Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 0.5}Hf{sub 0.5} have two obviously exothermic crystallization peaks, and the addition of Hf improves the onset temperatures of both first and second crystallization peaks, and leads to the improvement of the thermal stability of the amorphous alloys. For the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 0.5}Hf{sub 0.5} ribbon, after annealing at 623 K, crystallization seeds with sizes of 2–4 nm are found and the initial crystallization has occurred; as the annealing temperature is increased to 723 and 823 K, the size distribution of most of the grains is about 20 nm and bigger than 20 nm, respectively. The M{sub s} of the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 0.5}Hf{sub 0.5} ribbon is about 154 emu/g, which is obviously lower than 205 emu/g of the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} ribbon. However, after annealing at 723 K, the M{sub s} increases to 212 emu/g for the former alloy. The newly developed amorphous/nanocrystalline Fe-Si-B-P-Cu-Hf alloy with excellent soft magnetic properties shows a potential application for substituting partial Si steels.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Atomic layer deposition of superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic magnetite thin films

One of the key challenges in realizing superparamagnetism in magnetic thin films lies in finding a low-energy growth way to create sufficiently small grains and magnetic domains which allow the magnetization to randomly and rapidly reverse. In this work, well-defined superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} thin films are successfully prepared using atomic layer deposition technique by finely controlling the growth condition and post-annealing process. As-grown Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} thin films exhibit a conformal surface and poly-crystalline nature with an average grain size of 7 nm, resulting in a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of 210 K. After post-annealing in H{sub 2}/Ar at 400 °C, the as-grown α−Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} sample is reduced to Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase, exhibiting a ferrimagnetic ordering and distinct magnetic shape anisotropy. Atomic layer deposition of magnetite thin films with well-controlled morphology and magnetic properties provides great opportunities for integrating with other order parameters to realize magnetic nano-devices with potential applications in spintronics, electronics, and bio-applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Solution combustion synthesis of iron-based alumina catalysts for dehydrogenation of fossil fuels

Microwave-assisted thermocatalytic dehydrogenation of fossil fuels has been proposed as a method for hydrogen production with no CO2 emissions. The byproduct is carbon, which has a commercial value. Iron-based alumina nanocomposites are promising catalysts for this process as they both absorb microwave radiation and catalyze the dehydrogenation. In addition, they may have magnetic properties, which could be used for their separation from the carbon byproduct. Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is an attractive technique for the fabrication of iron-based alumina nanocomposites because it can produce high specific surface area oxides in a facile manner. However, the effects of the heating mode, the fuel, and the iron/aluminum ratio on the combustion synthesis behavior and the product properties have not been studied yet. In the present work, the iron-based alumina nanocomposites were obtained by SCS using a hotplate, a muffle furnace, and a microwave oven. The initial mixtures were aqueous solutions of iron nitrate, aluminum nitrate, and an organic fuel. The concentrations of the two nitrates were varied in proportion to Fe:Al molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. Two fuels were tested: citric acid and glycine. The combustion was less vigorous when citric acid was used as the fuel, which is explained by the lower exothermicity of the reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis of the products confirmed the formation of complex oxides of Fe and Al, specifically it detected hercynite and magnetite phases. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis has shown that the powders obtained using citric acid have specific surface areas as high as 276 m2/g, significantly higher than those obtained using glycine. Muffle furnace and hotplate heating led to comparable specific surface areas, while microwave heating resulted in significantly lower specific surface areas. The magnetic properties of the products increase with increasing the Fe/Al molar ratio from 1:2 (no response to a magnetic field) to 1:1 (weak response) and 2:1 (strong response).

solution combustion synthesis, nanoscale oxides, f↗
DOE OSTI2018

Antiferromagnetic Ordering at Room Temperature in Co-Doped Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} Topological Insulators

Structural and magnetic properties of Co-doped Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} topological insulators have been investigated. Surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals the mixed states of Co in Co{sup 2+} and Co{sup 3+}. Magnetic study indicates that the substitution of Co in Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} not only tune the materials from diamagnetic to antiferromagnetic (even at room temperature) but also propose a promising materials for antiferromagnetic TI which may be useful even for room temperature applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ab Initio and Monte Carlo Approaches for the Magnetocaloric Effect in BaMnO{sub 3} Oxide Perovskite

The self-consistent ab initio calculations, based on density functional theory approach (DFT) and using full potential linearised augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method, have been used to investigate both electronic and magnetic properties of the BaMnO{sub 3} perovskite. Spin-polarised calculations, including the spin-orbit interaction, are used to determine the energy of the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states of BaMnO{sub 3} perovskite. Obtained data from ab initio calculations are used as input for the Monte Carlo simulations to compute other magnetic parameters. Magnetisation, specific heat and magnetic entropy change have been given using the Monte Carlo simulations. The adiabatic temperature change, transition temperature and relative cooling power have been established.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Synthesis and characterization of intrinsically radiolabeled lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles toward biomedical and environmental applications

Lanthanide phosphate nanomaterials are appealing as multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications because of their low toxicity, radiation resistance, and unique luminescence and magnetic properties. Lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles (NPs) radiolabeled with 156 Eu were synthesized by an aqueous route using sodium tripolyphosphate as a phosphate source and complexing agent. GdPO 4 was used as a host matrix, while synthetic concentrations of Ce 3+ /Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ were varied between 5–40% and 10–30%, respectively, and yielded spherical NPs with hexagonal crystal system and particle size < 5 nm. Luminescence emission and magnetic susceptibility were influenced by lanthanide concentrations where characteristic 5 D 0 - 7 F J and 5 D 4 - 7 F J transitions were observed for Eu 3+ - and Tb 3+ -doped NPs, respectively. Chemical yield of > 90% was achieved for GdPO 4 and Gd 0.6 Ce 0.3 Tb 0.1 PO 4 NPs intrinsically radiolabeled with 156 Eu. Lastly, in vitro retention of 156 Eu within LnPO 4 NPs was > 97% over 3 weeks. Intrinsically radiolabeled LnPO 4 NPs have the potential to combine the luminescence and magnetic properties of Ln 3+ ions with lanthanide radioisotopes for biomedical and environmental applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the dynamics of the reentrant spin-glass state of the Fe{sub 100−x}Zr{sub x} (x = 9, 10) amorphous alloys

Low temperature magnetization (M) and ac susceptibility (χ{sub ac}) data were used to investigate the reentrant spin-glass state in lengths of melt-spun ribbons of Fe{sub 100−x}Zr{sub x} (x = 9, 10) amorphous alloys. The temperature range investigated was from 2 to 300 K, while the applied magnetic field H was varied in the range of ±85 kOe. The magnetic properties were found to be strongly influenced by the sample composition despite the fact that the amount of Fe varies by 1 at. %. For instance, the Curie temperature (T{sub C}) is reduced from 232.5 K to 213.0 K with decreasing Fe concentration, while M for the lower Fe concentration, measured at the highest applied magnetic field (H = 85 kOe) was nearly double the value for that of the higher; the coercivity in the ferromagnetic regime is reduced by a factor close to five when x is increased from 9 at. % to 10 at. %. The ac susceptibility measured for frequencies f in the range of 10–10{sup 4 }Hz showed a sharp drop in the magnitude of the in-phase contribution (χ{sub ac}{sup ′}) and a peak at the out-of-phase component (χ{sub ac}{sup ″}), which shifts to higher temperatures with increasing values of f. The Voguel-Fulcher law applied to the χ{sub ac}{sup ″} data yielded an activation energy E{sub a}/k{sub B} = 21.3 K (40.1 K), the glassy temperature T{sub G} = 15.5 K (38.2 K), and a relaxation time τ{sub 0}=9.1×10{sup −7} s (8.3×10{sup −7} s), for the sample with x = 10 (x = 9). A plot of χ{sub ac}{sup ″}vsχ{sub ac}{sup ′} for a broad range of T and f yielded a broad maximum near the glassy temperature T{sub G} for both sample concentrations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Room temperature long range ferromagnetic ordering in Ni{sub 0.58}Zn{sub 0.42}Co{sub 0.10}Cu{sub 0.10}Fe{sub 1.8}O{sub 4} nano magnetic system

The structural and magnetic behavior of sol-gel autocombustion synthesized nanocrystalline Ni{sub 0.58}Zn{sub 0.42}Co{sub 0.10}Cu{sub 0.10}Fe{sub 1.8}O{sub 4} have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). Sample of high purity and high homogeneity was obtained by calcination at low temperature (500°C) resulting in nanoparticles of average diameter ∼15nm as determined by XRD and further confirmed by TEM. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selective area diffraction (SAED) confirmed the single phase of the sample. Mössbauer results are supported by magnetization data. Well defined sextets and appearance of hysteresis at room temperature indicate the existence of ferromagnetic coupling at room temperature finding material utility in magnetic storage data. The existence of iron in ferric state confirmed by isomer shift is a clear evidence of improved magnetic properties of the present system.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Numerically exploring the 1D-2D dimensional crossover on spin dynamics in the doped Hubbard model

Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations, we systematically study the doping dependence of the crossover from one to two dimensions and its impact on the magnetic properties of the Hubbard model. A square lattice of chains is used, in which the dimensionality can be tuned by varying the interchain coupling t ⊥ . The dynamical spin structure factor and static quantities, such as the static spin susceptibility and nearest-neighbor spin correlation function, are characterized in the one- and two-dimensional limits as a benchmark. When the dimensionality is tuned between these limits, the magnetic properties, while evolving smoothly from one to two dimensions, drastically change regardless of the doping level. This suggests that the spin excitations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model, even in the heavily doped case, cannot be explained using the spinon picture known from one dimension. In conclusion, the DQMC calculations are complemented by cluster perturbation theory studies to form a more complete picture of how the crossover occurs as a function of doping and how doped holes impact magnetic order.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Effect of Oxygen Adsorption for Vacancy-Induced d{sup 0} Magnetism in HfO{sub 2} (110) Surface

Based on the density functional theory, we investigated the electronic structures and magnetic properties of the oxygen adsorption on the defective cubic HfO{sub 2} (110) surface. The adsorption capacities of the perfect and defective surfaces follow in the sequence as: oxygen-deficient model >perfect surface >hafnium-deficient model. When the oxygen molecules adsorb on the nonmagnetic perfect HfO{sub 2} surface, the system has a local magnetic moment and the antiferromagnetic coupling is more stable. For the defective cubic HfO{sub 2} (110) surface, it is found that the oxygen vacancy is more easy to form than the hafnium vacancy by comparing the vacancy formation energy. And the hafnium vacancy could induce a large magnetic moment while the oxygen vacancy alone could not. After adsorption of the oxygen molecule, the nonmagnetic oxygen-deficient HfO{sub 2} model is transformed into the magnetic surface. On the contrary, the introduction of adsorbed oxygen molecule causes the magnetic moment of hafnium-deficient HfO{sub 2} surface to reduce. Additionally, if the oxygen molecules adsorb on the defective HfO{sub 2} (110) surface, the ferromagnetic coupling is energetically favorable.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-Temperature Ferrofluids Based on Molten Salts

Molten metal chloride salts are promising candidates for advanced heat transfer fluids in generation IV nuclear reactors and beyond. However, research on the magnetic properties of suspended metallic nanoparticles at elevated temperatures is scarce, and there have been no attempts to develop a high-temperature, molten salt based ferrofluid. Such a ferrofluid would enable in situ manipulation of both the physical and thermal properties of the fluid via an external magnetic field. This study examines molten salt based ferrofluids comprised of metallic cobalt nanoparticles dispersed in molten metal chloride salts. High-temperature magnetometry and magneto-thermogalvometric measurements were conducted to evaluate the magnetic characteristics of the ferrofluid. Further analysis was conducted through a combination of microscopy, spectroscopy, solubility tests, and diffraction measurements. Furthermore, the metallic cobalt nanoparticles exhibited a notable degree of chemical stability and sustained magnetism from 25 to 800 °C when suspended in NaCl–MgCl 2 and KCl–ZnCl 2 mixtures.

Cobalt↗
DOE OSTI2018

Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI 3

Controlling magnetism via electric fields addresses fundamental questions of magnetic phenomena and phase transitions, and enables the development of electrically coupled spintronic devices, such as voltage-controlled magnetic memories with low operation energy. Previous studies on dilute magnetic semiconductors such as (Ga,Mn)As and (In,Mn)Sb have demonstrated large modulations of the Curie temperatures and coercive fields by altering the magnetic anisotropy and exchange interaction. Owing to their unique magnetic properties, the recently reported two-dimensional magnets provide a new system for studying these features. For instance, a bilayer of chromium triiodide (CrI 3 ) behaves as a layered antiferromagnet with a magnetic field-driven metamagnetic transition. Here, we demonstrate electrostatic gate control of magnetism in CrI 3 bilayers, probed by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy. At fixed magnetic fields near the metamagnetic transition, we realize voltage-controlled switching between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. At zero magnetic field, we demonstrate a time-reversal pair of layered antiferromagnetic states that exhibit spin-layer locking, leading to a linear dependence of their MOKE signals on gate voltage with opposite slopes. Here, our results allow for the exploration of new magnetoelectric phenomena and van der Waals spintronics based on 2D materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Y-doped La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} manganites exhibiting a large magnetocaloric effect and the crossover of first-order and second-order phase transitions

We prepared orthorhombic La{sub 0.7−x}Y{sub x}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} samples (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) by conventional solid-state reaction and then studied their magnetic properties and magnetocaloric (MC) effect based on magnetization versus temperature and magnetic-field measurements, M(T, H). The experimental results revealed that an x increase in La{sub 0.7−x}Y{sub x}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} reduced the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperature (T{sub C}) from 260 K (for x = 0) to ∼126 K (for x = 0.08). Around the T{sub C}, maximum magnetic-entropy changes for a magnetic-field variation interval H = 50 kOe are about 10.7, 8.5, 7.4, and 5.8 J·kg{sup −1}·K{sup −1} for x = 0, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, respectively, corresponding to refrigerant capacities RC = 250–280 J·kg{sup −1}. These values are comparable to those of some conventional MC materials, revealing the applicability of La{sub 0.7−x}Y{sub x}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} in magnetic refrigeration. Using the Arrott method and scaling hypothesis as analyzing high-field M(H, T) data, and the universal-curve construction of the magnetic entropy change, we found a magnetic-phase separation. While the samples x = 0−0.06 exhibit a first-order magnetic phase transition, x = 0.08 exhibits the crossover of the first-to-second-order phase transformation (with its critical-exponent values close to those expected for the tricritical mean-field theory) and has the presence of ferromagnetic clusters even above the T{sub C}. Such the variations in the magnetism and MC effect are related to the changes in structural parameters caused by the Y substitution for La because Y doping does not change the concentration ratio of Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+}.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

A study of defect structures in Fe-alloyed ZnO: Morphology, magnetism, and hyperfine interactions

In order to study the effect of Fe cation substitution on the local structure, defect formation, and hyperfine interactions in ZnO, Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements of the microwave processed Zn 1 - x Fe x O (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) nanoparticles, together with ab initio calculations, were performed. Complementary information on the distribution of particle size and morphology, as well as magnetic properties, were obtained by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and squid-magnetometry. The selected model for analyzing the Mössbauer spectra of our samples is a distribution of quadrupole splittings. The fitting model with two Lorentz doublets was rejected due to its failure to include larger doublets. The Fe 3 + ions do not yield magnetic ordering in the samples at room temperature. The results from first-principles calculations confirm that the major component of the Mössbauer spectra corresponds to the Fe-alloyed ZnO with Zn vacancy in the next nearest neighbor environment. The magnetic measurements are consistent with the description of the distribution of iron ions over the randomly formed clusters in the ZnO host lattice. While at room temperature all the samples are paramagnetic, magnetic interactions cause a transition into a cluster spin-glass state at low temperatures. © 2019 Author(s).

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗