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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2018

Systems and Process Engineering Supporting Tool Development for Reactor Internals Decommissioning - 18552

One process of arriving at optimized design or selection of tooling for decommissioning of nuclear reactors is examined. The methodical process, as descried in this presentation is one that has been very successfully implemented on a number of CANDU{sup R} reactor internals projects to date and is still being pursued on current projects. The influencing factors and data used to define the design requirements and technical specifications of the tooling systems and individual tools are briefly described. The various stages of the process are described in some detail with examples of actual tooling systems thus built. Finally the benefits of this type of systematic approach to tool design, is described. (author)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2016

Summary and experience feedback on the restart and power operation after a long term shutdown of HTR-10 - 18460

After a long term shutdown, 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-10) has been restarted in 2014. The main content of this process has been summarized and presented. The preparation in the reactor shutdown stage, the characteristic tests after the restart, and the engineering practice and experience during the power operation of HTR-10, have been introduced in details. The experience feedback on the restart process and power operation stage of HTR-10 have been proposed, including the equipment maintenance, technical transformation, routine test and inspection, modification of operational limits and conditions, and personnel training, etc. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Thermal Applications-Quantifying Technical, Economic, and Market Potential of Geothermal District Heating Systems in the United States

This report describes research and analysis performed in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office for its Geothermal Vision Study. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet and included ground-breaking, detailed research on geothermal technologies. The study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of these geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, the Geothermal Vision Study development relied on collecting, modeling, and analyzing robust data sets through seven national laboratory partners that were organized into eight technical task force groups. These task forces and their respective principal leading national laboratory are listed in Table F-1. The table also provides a guide to the final research documents produced by each GeoVision task force. In most cases, these were prepared as laboratory reports, and they are referenced accordingly. Consult these external reports for detailed discussions of the topics contained within, which form the basis of the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS1994

Investigations into mirror fabrication metrology analysis

This final report describes the work performed under this delivery order from June 1993 through August 1994. The scope of work included three distinct tasks in support of the AXAF-I program. The objective of the first task was to perform investigations of the grinding and polishing characteristics of the zerodur material by fabricating several samples. The second task was to continue the development of the integrated optical performance modeling software for AXAF-I. The purpose of third and final task was to develop and update the database of AXAF technical documents for an easy and rapid access. The MSFC optical and metrology shops were relocated from the B-wing of Building 4487 to Room BC 144 of Building 4466 in the beginning of this contract. This included dismantling, packing, and moving the equipment from its old location, and then reassembling it at the new location. A total of 65 zerodur samples, measuring 1 inch x 2 inches x 6 inches were ground and polished to a surface figure of lambda/10 p-v, and a surface finish of 5A rms were fabricated for coating tests. A number of special purpose tools and metal mirrors were also fabricated to support various AXAF-I development activities. In the metrology area, the ZYGO Mark 4 interferometer was relocated and also upgraded with a faster and more powerful processor. Surface metrology work was also performed on the coating samples and other optics using ZYGO interferometer and WYKO profilometer. A number of new features have been added to the GRAZTRACE program to enhance its analysis and modeling capabilities. A number of new commands have been added to the command mode GRAZTRACE program to provide a better control to the user on the program execution and data manipulation. Some commands and parameter entries have been reorganized for a uniform format. The command mode version of the convolution program CONVOLVE has been developed. An on-line help system and a user's manual have also been developed for the benefit of the users. The database of AXAF technical documents continues to progress. The titles, company name, date, and location of over 390 documents have been entered in this database. This database provides both a data search and retrieval function, and a data adding function. These functions allow a user to quickly search the data files for documents or add new information. A detailed user's guide has also been prepared. This user guide includes a document classification guide, a list of abbreviations, and a list of acronyms, which have been used in compiling this database of AXAF-I technical documents.

Dimmock, John O.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Closed-Loop Pumped Storage Hydropower Resource Assessment for the United States. Final Report on HydroWIRES Project D1: Improving Hydropower and PSH Representations in Capacity Expansion Models

Pumped storage hydropower represents the bulk of the United States' current energy storage capacity: 23 gigawatts (GW) of the 24-GW national total (Denholm et al. 2021). This capacity was largely built between 1960 and 1990. PSH is a mature and proven method of energy storage with competitive round-trip efficiency and long life spans. These qualities make PSH a very attractive potential solution to energy storage needs, particularly for longer-duration storage (8 hours or more); such storage will be crucial to bridge gaps in electricity production as variable wind and solar production continue to comprise an ever-larger portion of the United States' energy portfolio (Cole et al. 2021; Frazier et al. 2021). However, it is unclear how much potential the United States has for the development of new PSH. No new large PSH has been constructed in the United States since the 1990s, and attempts to quantify technical potential capacity from PSH project applications to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) suffer from inconsistent site and cost evaluation methodologies and likely are not representative of all PSH opportunities. This study seeks to better under understand the technical potential for PSH development in the United States by developing a national-scale resource assessment for closed-loop PSH. Individual sites are not modeled in sufficient detail for project-level development, but they do provide valuable insights into potential resource areas across the United States, including the ability to provide estimates for a range of long-term development scenarios.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2026

Electromagnetic Transient Modeling of Large Data Centers for Grid-Level Studies: Beta Release

The magnitude and complexity of electricity usage patterns from large data centers are having significant impacts on the operation and dynamics of the power grid; grid operators and planners require a range of specialized data center models to properly evaluate these impacts and specify technical solutions as needed. Towards addressing this need, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a library of electromagnetic transient (EMT) models for grid-level studies of data centers called the data center model library (DML). This report describes how the DML was created and how it may properly be used. This report details the DML’s beta release, completed in July 2026. This is a revision and expansion of the alpha release, which was made available in January 2026 The models present in the DML are generic models; subject matter expertise and additional technical data are needed to modify these models before they can represent any real data center. However, they will significantly reduce the level of effort required to develop site-specific models and can serve as a common starting point to guide industry towards a more refined consensus. Most of the models within DML are dedicated to representing the power electronics interfaces commonly used in modern data centers, such as double-conversion uninterruptible power supplies and single-phase power factor correction converters. These models are intended for use in grid-level studies and are a simplified aggregation of many small components. That said, background material on the physical and electrical design of large data centers is provided as companion material so that users can be aware of many of the details which have been omitted or streamlined as a matter of practical necessity. Additionally, guidance on the application of EMT analysis for data center interconnection studies is provided, which aids users in identifying when the DML is necessary and what sort of additional model development may be necessary for conducting real-world studies.

electromagnetic transients↗

DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Barriers-An Analysis of Non-Technical Barriers to Geothermal Deployment and Potential Improvement Scenarios

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Lunar Search & Rescue Applications of Lunar GNSS

Accurate lunar navigation and timing knowledge provides for the development of safety-critical services in the cislunar and lunar surface domain. Currently under development, the Goddard Space Flight Center’s (GSFC) Search and Rescue Mission Office is investigating and integrating search and rescue (SAR) capability into planned and future lunar communication and navigation interfaces. Lunar Search and Rescue (LunaSAR) development has a stated end-goal for assured, reliable, and timely indication of distress events for a wide variety of lunar surface users, including government-sponsored, commercial, and international users. LunaSAR performance requirements are modelled after the current terrestrial Cospas-Sarsat distress notification system, leveraging an internationally robust global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ecosystem as a core element of survivor locating capability. This presentation will discuss NASA’s work to develop user-focused distress messaging capabilities including infusion of example sensor data for triggering of automated distress alerts coupled with location-tagging. Additionally, the presentation will examine overall message structures, rotating fields for use in bi-directional distress messaging, and specific use cases based on NASA’s lunar exploration and lunar communication relay architectures. Modelling and simulation of LunaSAR use by individual lunar explorers will be discussed, based on notional industry and government design reference missions and mission considerations. Results from GSFC-funded Internal Research and Development (IRAD) efforts will be detailed, including successful distress message formulation simulating the ingestion of example legacy space suit telemetry fields. Hardware-in-the-loop testing using high-reliability software defined radio (SDR) modules serve as an example of IRAD successes and the framework for technical requirements. Architectural development and technical evolution from 2020 to 2021 included alignment of LunaSAR distress waveforms with ongoing NASA LunaNet interoperability development, as well as engagement with NASA Lunar Spectrum authorities for allocation of UHF-band distress frequencies on the lunar surface. S-Band and UHF-band transmission characteristics will be detailed, along with band-specific applications of each emission type. Additionally, examples of ingestion and formatting of GNSS signals (using historical terrestrial National Marine Electronics Association-formatted GNSS data) will be detailed, underscoring lunar user needs for a common lunar GNSS receiver output message framework. Maturity and ability to support evolving lunar exploration goals has been demonstrated and will be detailed, with maturity gaps such as position, navigation, and timing (PNT) and lunar reference frames identified within the context of distress message generation. Provision of LunaSAR services for lunar surface users represents a new era of ensured safety for lunar explorers and builds off of forty years of the Cospas-Sarsat program, underscoring the importance of lunar GNSS for safety-critical applications and growing interest in safe, reliable lunar surface operations. Enabled by new GNSS systems being developed by government and industry partners, NASA will continue to evolve and integrate lunar GNSS types into distress message generation, with a focus on compact and efficient message transmission over various lunar communication links. When fielded, LunaSAR will be the first dedicated search and rescue notification system employed on another celestial body. Robust lunar navigation and timing services form the core of LunaSAR capabilities, allowing for system syncing with time-dominant sensors, and high-accuracy location of those in distress while engaged in lunar surface activities.

Search and Rescue↗

DOE OSTI2018

Safeguards Challenges and Safeguards Technology Needs Assessment for Leading Thorium Fuel Cycles

Several thorium fuel cycle variants are currently being actively pursued by the global nuclear energy community. These variants have short-, medium-, and long-term deployment pathways in a variety of reactor types, including thorium-fueled molten salt reactors. Those pathways in turn give rise to a variety of fuel designs, fuel cycle facilities, and nuclear material processing requirements. These emerging fuel cycles will impact the technical implementation of safeguards, and they already raise questions about the applicability of current verification technologies. To address this issue, research is being performed to produce a detailed safeguards technology road map. It will include a needs assessment of the detection research and development (R&D;) necessary to transition the current safeguards technology toolkit to meet the verification needs of thorium fuel cycles, and to formulate the scientific basis for building new instrumentation to fill any potential capability gaps. The purpose of this technology road map is to define and inform on the safeguards technology needs for thorium fuel cycles, reflecting only the leading candidate thorium fuel cycles prioritized based on implementation timescales and the current direction of international programs. This work provides a guide to the priorities for future directed R&D; needed to bring the technology readiness levels (TRLs) of safeguards detection solutions in line with the higher TRLs of the most promising thorium fuel cycles. Herein, a summary is presented of thorium fuel cycle options and activities currently under way worldwide, which provides the technical basis for the needs evaluation. The key synergies and differences between these fuel cycles and current conventional uranium- and plutonium-based fuel cycles will be discussed from a nuclear material accountancy and detection standpoint. Reactor inventory calculations, fuel cycle simulations, and conclusions from the safeguards technology needs assessment will be presented, together with plans for experimental validation.

Worrall, Louise G.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Independent Technical Review of INL Aluminum-Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel (ASNF) Oxide Layer Radiolytic Gas Generation Resolution: Task 2

PNNL staff performed an independent technical review (ITR) of the aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel (ASNF) program Task 2. The objective of Task 2 is to determine G-values for the radiolytic production of gaseous molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) from the aluminum oxyhydroxide layers present on ASNF cladding. The G-values need to be defensible, bounding, but not overly conservative. As part of the ITR, the team reviewed program documents, Task 2 work plans, and results to date. In addition, the team held three separate video conferences with the program research staff to ask clarifying questions and obtain additional detail. The PNNL ITR team concludes that if the program follows the methodology and rigor outlined in the test matrices, the program will develop G-values for a defensible technical basis of extended storage of ASNF. Recommendations for improvement are given.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2025

MRCI Subtask 2.4/2.5: Regional/Subregional Analysis and Risk Assessment Final Technical Summary Report

The objective of the Midwest Regional Carbon Initiative (MRCI) project is to implement a collaborative Regional Initiative (RI) to accelerate the deployment of carbon capture, and storage (CCS) in the Midwest-Northeastern quadrant of the United States. This report is a Technical Summary report describing work performed on Tasks 2.4 (Conducting Regional/Subregional Analysis) and 2.5 (Assessing and Managing Risk) during the MRCI project. In Task 2.4, detailed numerical reservoir simulation models were developed for selected carbon storage (CS) systems identified under Task 2.1 (Battelle, 2021a) in the MRCI study area. The objective of Task 2.4 is to demonstrate a dynamic modeling methodology for evaluating the suitability of the (selected) CS systems in the MRCI region for hosting a commercial-scale storage project. In this study, CO2 injectivity was evaluated for different CS systems with an annual injection rate of 1 million metric tonnes (MMT) of CO2 considered as the minimum requirement for a commercial scale project. The objective of Task 2.5 is to assess key risks associated with storing CO2 in the different CS systems across the MRCI region and to demonstrate a method(s) for assessing these risks that may be used by developers of future CO2 storage projects in the region. The risk analysis was limited to evaluating two types of leakage risks (i.e., wellbore leakage, flow across unfractured caprock) at three modeled sites considered in Task 2.4.

MRCI,Report,Summary,Technical Challenges,dynamic m↗

DOE OSTI2025

The Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA)

The Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA) StoryMap provides an in-depth overview of the products created during the CS TVA research effort. In detail, the StoryMap addresses the CS TVA Matrix, Database Version 2.0, Database Catalog, Workflow, and Data Availability Result Database, discussing how each was developed and implemented. Information on how the matrix, database, and database catalog are interconnected, and their usage is also explained. The workflow section provides information on the CS TVA product development from the data-gathering stage to the final data availability results. A section on an expansion of the CS TVA workflow that utilizes Natural Language processing (NLP) section was included. Finally, the Data Availability Results Database is discussed. These results provide data science-informed insights into potential data gaps when assessing the viability of carbon storage in a given area or region.

Carbon Storage↗

DOE OSTI2012

Technical analysis of prospective photovoltaic systems in Utah

This report explores the technical feasibility of prospective utility-scale photovoltaic system (PV) deployments in Utah. Sandia National Laboratories worked with Rocky Mountain Power (RMP), a division of PacifiCorp operating in Utah, to evaluate prospective 2-megawatt (MW) PV plants in different locations with respect to energy production and possible impact on the RMP system and customers. The study focused on 2-MW{sub AC} nameplate PV systems of different PV technologies and different tracking configurations. Technical feasibility was evaluated at three different potential locations in the RMP distribution system. An advanced distribution simulation tool was used to conduct detailed time-series analysis on each feeder and provide results on the impacts on voltage, demand, voltage regulation equipment operations, and flicker. Annual energy performance was estimated.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2013

Measure Guideline: Buried and/or Encapsulated Ducts

Buried and/or encapsulated ducts (BEDs) are a class of advanced, energy-efficiency strategies intended to address the significant ductwork thermal losses associated with ducts installed in unconditioned attics. BEDs are ducts installed in unconditioned attics that are covered in loose-fill insulation and/or encapsulated in closed cell polyurethane spray foam insulation. This Measure Guideline covers the technical aspects of BEDs as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of BEDs compared to other alternative strategies. This guideline also provides detailed guidance on installation of BEDs strategies in new and existing homes through step-by-step installation procedures. This Building America Measure Guideline synthesizes previously published research on BEDs and provides practical information to builders, contractors, homeowners, policy analysts, building professions, and building scientists. Some of the procedures presented here, however, require specialized equipment or expertise. In addition, some alterations to duct systems may require a specialized license. Persons implementing duct system improvements should not go beyond their expertise or qualifications. This guideline provides valuable information for a building industry that has struggled to address ductwork thermal losses in new and existing homes. As building codes strengthen requirements for duct air sealing and insulation, flexibility is needed to address energy efficiency goals. While ductwork in conditioned spaces has been promoted as the panacea for addressing ductwork thermal losses, BEDs installations approach - and sometimes exceed - the performance of ductwork in conditioned spaces.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2013

Measure Guideline: Buried and/or Encapsulated Ducts

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2021

Reflecting Sunlight: Recommendations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report "Reflecting Sunlight: Recommendations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance" focused on three atmospheric-based Solar Geoengineering strategies: Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, Marine Cloud Brightening, Cirrus Cloud Thinning. The study recommends that a national (and internationally-coordinated) Solar Geoengineering research program be established and coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program—with a focus on developing information needed by decision makers, not advancing a path to deployment. The study recommends a detailed framework for governance of this research, at both national and international levels. The study also recommends a detailed research agenda for this program, encompassing over a dozen transdisciplinary research topics that can be loosely grouped into the categories of (i) technical dimensions and impacts, (ii) social dimensions, and (iii) context and goals for solar geoengineering research itself.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Capacity Density Considerations for Offshore Wind Plants in the United States

The United States is a rapidly emerging market for offshore wind energy, with a project pipeline estimated at over 52 GW as of May 31, 2023 (Musial et al. 2023). The capacity density, measured in megawatts per square kilometer (MW/km 2 ), is a crucial parameter for estimating the magnitude of the development pipeline and the nameplate potential of existing lease areas. The offshore wind energy industry is comprised of diversity of participants, including developers, governmental bodies, investors, environmental advocacy groups, and researchers. These various stakeholders use capacity density in different ways as a key metric for evaluating the potential of individual offshore wind lease area or even a section of ocean space. This report presents our assessment of capacity density values in the current pipeline of emerging U.S. offshore wind farms and a detailed list of the main factors that influence capacity density. This understanding is critical for planning of future lease areas, for estimating the technical resource potential for offshore wind on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS), and for estimating ocean space requirements needed for meeting state and national goals for a carbon neutral energy transition.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

R-matrix School 2025: Introduction to R-matrix Theory

This technical memo serves as a lecture material for the R-matrix school 2025 and distributed among the participants. The manuscript discusses in details the introduction to the R-matrix theory including its algorithm to calculate reaction cross sections and derivation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗