Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Optical computing”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Chirped soliton solutions in optical medium

In this paper, we study a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quintic nonlinearity, self-steepening and self-frequency shift terms describing the polarization mode in an optical fiber. As results, several new chirped soliton solutions not yet reported in the literature are obtained. These solutions are found without using computer codes. The solutions are bright, dark and cnoidal solitons. The method used here is very effective and simple and can be applied to other types of nonlinear equations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Radiative Heat Transport and Optical Characterization of High Temperature Molten Salts

The goal of this project was to advance the field of molten fluoride radiative heat transfer (RHT), through optical property measurements, heat transfer loop construction and operation, and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The following outcomes have been accomplished. A comprehensive review has been conducted to compile all available RHT-relevant optical absorption data for molten fluorides. The various measurement methods have also been compiled and critiqued. Thermal emission measurement methods have been refined and documented. A unique thermal emissivity measurement facility has been constructed and used to measure the emissivity of flowing FLiBe-exposed SS316 samples. A slight increase has been observed in the emissivity compared to unexposed SS316. A dual reflectance-emission setup was partially demonstrated for the purpose of molten fluoride absorption measurement. Preliminary infrared edge data for FLiNaK was obtained. A visible near-infrared (NIR) measurement setup has been constructed and will be used to measure absorption of corrosion products in FLiBe. A new multi-band thermal radiation method using blackbody-weighted spectral bands for the absorption-coefficient was deployed to investigate the thermal performance of the UW Natural Circulation FLiBe Loop under various power levels and operating conditions. The results showed an increasing and decreasing trend in the overall heat transfer with optical thickness with a maximum at optical thickness τ D ≈Ο(1). A forced convection FLiBe loop was constructed for the purpose of studying corrosion and thermal hydraulic phenomena. A vertical cantilever pump is used to achieve up to 5 gpm and 5 m/s flow velocity in hot and cold test sections. A methodology has been established for modeling radiative heat transfer (RHT) in molten salt coolants for the purpose of quantifying the contribution of thermal radiation in conditions relevant to FHR or MSR systems. The comparison between the results obtained for forced and mixed convection showed that in the studied ranges of optical thickness, the maximum effect of RHT on overall heat transfer was 60% improvement observed at z/D = 250 for forced convection; whereas for mixed convection, that value was higher at 170% observed at z/D = 30. The highest effect of RHT on the overall energy distribution was observed at τ D ≈3.4. Negligible effect (<20%) was observed above τ D =18 and below τ D ≈0.002. A CFD code-to-code comparison was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics at UW-Madison and STAR-CCM at MIT, for a forced and mixed convection laminar flow for a grey medium in a vertical heated using both COMSOL Multiphysics at UW-Madison and STAR-CCM at MIT. The relative error was the largest at τ D =40 for the radiative heat flux, bulk temperature, and Nusselt number. On the other hand, the relative error was the least at τ D =0.002 for the conductive heat flux, bulk temperature, and Nusselt number.

Anderson, Mark↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spin-Controllable Dynamics in Defect-Engineered Carbon Nanotubes as Single Photon Emitters: Data-Driven Modeling and Computations

Quantum technologies, such as quantum computing and sensing, require efficient single-photon emission (SPE) sources that operate at room temperature in telecom wavelengths. While several materials can serve as SPE sources, no single platform meets all the criteria for efficiency, ambient operation, and scalability. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with covalently attached molecules offer a promising solution. Their SPE can be easily tuned via modifications of the SWCNT's diameter, chirality, and bonded molecules, enabling emission across near-IR to telecom wavelengths at ambient conditions. However, to fully realize the potential of SWCNTs and unlock their quantum capabilities, a deeper understanding of how structural defects from molecular adducts affect their emission and competing photoexcited processes is essential. To address this gap in our knowledge, this project combined quantum chemistry calculations with data-driven methods of cheminformatics (QSAR) and machine learning (ML). The developed computational approaches have provided several design strategies for covalent functionalization of SWCNTs to improve their optical response. The collaboration with Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) enabled direct comparison of computational and experimental data, facilitating method validation. This partnership was enhanced through access to LANL's Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) utilizing User Facility Program and summer internships, which provided three NDSU graduate students with hands-on experience at LANL. The outcomes of this project included (1) Advancing the current stage of computational methods in accurate modeling of non-adiabatic spin-dependent photoexcited dynamics and its applicability to nanosystems consisting of thousands of atoms, realized as open-access codes linked to existing DFT-based software; (2) Establishing the relationship between the structure of adducts and SWCNTs and intrinsic excitonic and spin properties of defect states for guiding novel synthetic strategies and experimental probes of chemically functionalized SWCNTs as near-IR emitting materials; (3) Generating virtual libraries of hypothetical functionalized SWCNTs for virtual screening of their chemical structures and optical properties, leveraging new functionalities of SWCNTs; (4) Offering a unique experience for NDSU graduate students that prepared them for future scientific careers related to materials modeling and big data processing. These results were summarized in 12 published journal papers and 3 recently submitted papers. One of a key finding is that the position of defect sites on the SWCNT surface primarily drives the emission redshift (up to 100 meV), while the polarity of the defect-inducing molecules has a much smaller effect (~10 meV). However, the electron-donating or withdrawing properties of a molecule influence selecting reactivity of defect sites. These insights important for optimizing synthetic protocols for desired emissions in SWCNTs. We also revealed that the interaction between two defects at various positions on the SWCNT enhances the redshift and optical activity of states, favoring strong near-IR emission. This suggests that manipulations in defect concentrations is a promising strategy for controlling efficient emission. Mostly important, the defect position was found controllable by the spin states of photoexcited intermediates: Excited aromatic molecules form ortho defects with SWCNTs at their singlet states in the presence of oxygen, while oxygen-free conditions favor para defects via the triplet-state mechanism. Additionally, a heat-activated [2+2] cycloaddition reaction facilitates divalent defect formation with fewer bonding positions that narrows emission bands. These groundbreaking findings have been experimentally validated and significantly advance our understanding of defect chemistry in SWCNTs. Using a novel encoding technique and 3D-MoRSE descriptors, we developed highly accurate ML/QSAR models to predict both the 3D structure and optical properties of SWCNTs with chemical defects. This model enabled the creation of a virtual library of 125,556 structures, providing new insights into the relationship between SWCNT-defect structure and emission.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Modeling of an Electron-Optical System with Converging Sheet Beam for a Traveling Wave Tube of Terahertz Frequency Range

A converging sheet electron beam with a cross section of 0.05 × 2 mm and current density of 200 A/cm{sup 2}, which is formed by an electron gun, is modeled using the synthesis and analysis methods at the condition of magnetic shielding of the cathode. The deformation in the cross section of the beam in the focusing magnetic field is analyzed based on a computer three-dimensional model of an electron optical system with a sheet electron beam. The current-voltage characteristic of an electron gun is studied experimentally in the pulse mode. A collector current of 200 mA is obtained with the beam thickness being 70 μm.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evolution of eggshell structure in relation to nesting ecology in non-avian reptiles

Amniotic eggs are multifunctional structures that enabled early tetrapods to colonize the land millions of years ago, and are now the reproductive mode of over 70% of all terrestrial amniotes. Eggshell morphology is at the core of animal survival, mediating the interactions between embryos and their environment, and has evolved into a massive diversity of forms and functions in modern reptiles. These functions are critical to embryonic survival and may serve as models for new antimicrobial and/or breathable membranes. However, we still lack critical data on the basic structural and functional properties of eggs, particularly of reptiles. Here, we first characterized egg shape, shell thickness, porosity, and mineralization of eggs from 91 reptile species using optical images, scanning electron microscopy, and micro computed tomography, and collected data on nesting ecology from the literature. We then used comparative analyses to test hypotheses on the selective pressures driving their evolution. We hypothesized that eggshell morphology has evolved to protect shells from physical damage and desiccation, and, in support, found a positive relationship between thickness and precipitation, and a negative relationship between porosity and temperature. Although mineralization varied extensively, it was not correlated with nesting ecology variables. Ancestral state reconstructions show thinning and increased porosity over evolutionary time in squamates, but the opposite in turtles and crocodilians. Egg shape, size, porosity and calcification were correlated, suggesting potential structural or developmental tradeoffs. This study provides new data and insights into the morphology and evolution of reptile eggs, and raises numerous questions for additional research.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Using defects as a ‘fossil record’ to help interpret complex processes during additive manufacturing: as applied to raster-scanned electron beam powder bed additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Defects in parts produced by additive manufacturing, instead of simply being perceived as deleterious, can act as important sources of information associated with the complex physical processes that occur during materials deposition and subsequent thermal cycles. Indeed, they act as materials-state ‘fossil’ records of the dynamic AM process. The approach of using defects as epoch-like records of prior history has been developed while studying additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V and has given new insights into processes that may otherwise remain either obscured or unquantified. Analogous to ‘epochs,’ the evolution of these defects often is characterized by physics that span across a temporal length scale. To demonstrate this approach, a broad range of analyses including optical and electron microscopy, X-ray computed tomography, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction have been used to characterize a raster-scanned electron beam Ti–6Al–4V sample. These analysis techniques provide key characteristics of defects such as their morphology, location within the part, complex compositional fields interacting with the defects, and structures on the free surfaces of defects. Observed defects have been classified as banding, spherical porosity, and lack of fusion. Banding is directly related to preferential evaporation of Al, which has an influence on mechanical properties. Lack-of-fusion defects can be used to understand columnar grain growth, fluid flow of melt pools, humping, and spattering events. Graphical abstract

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Coupled Adjoint-State Equation in forward and inverse linear elasticity: Incompressible plane stress

A persistent challenge present in inverse or parameter estimation problems with interior data is how to deal with uncertainty in the boundary conditions employed in the forward or state model. In this work we focus on a linear plane stress inverse elasticity problem with measured displacement data where one component of the measured displacement field is known with considerably greater precision than the other. This situation is commonly encountered when the displacement field is measured using ultrasound or optical coherence tomography. We present a novel computational formulation in which no displacement or traction boundary conditions are assumed. The formulation results in coupling the state and adjoint equations, that are typically uncoupled when a well-posed state model is available. Two variants of residual-based stabilization are added. Our approach is applied to a simulated data set and experimental data from an ultrasound phantom.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Measurement of dynamic patterns of an elastic membrane at bi-modal vibration using high speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Implementing a hybrid arrangement of Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) and high speed Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) we were able to measure the dynamic patterns of a flat rectangular elastic membrane clamped at its edges stimulated with the sum of two resonance frequencies. ESPI is a versatile technique to analyze in real-time the deformation of a membrane since its low computational cost and easy implementation of the optical setup. Elastic membranes present nonlinear behaviors when stimulated with low amplitude signals. The elastic membrane under test, with several non rational related vibrating modals below the 200 Hz, was stimulated with two consecutives resonant frequencies. The ESPI patterns, acquired at high speed rates, shown a similar behavior for the dual frequency stimulation as in the case of patterns formed with the entrainment frequency. We think this may be related to the effects observed in the application of dual frequency stimulation in ultrasound.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

STUDY OF THE POYNTING FLUX IN ACTIVE REGION 10930 USING DATA-DRIVEN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION

Powerful solar flares are closely related to the evolution of magnetic field configuration on the photosphere. We choose the Poynting flux as a parameter in the study of magnetic field changes. We use time-dependent multidimensional MHD simulations around a flare occurrence to generate the results, with the temporal variation of the bottom boundary conditions being deduced from the projected normal characteristic method. By this method, the photospheric magnetogram could be incorporated self-consistently as the bottom condition of data-driven simulations. The model is first applied to a simulation datum produced by an emerging magnetic flux rope as a test case. Then, the model is used to study NOAA AR 10930, which has an X3.4 flare, the data of which has been obtained by the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope on 2006 December 13. We compute the magnitude of Poynting flux (S{sub total}), radial Poynting flux (S{sub z} ), a proxy for ideal radial Poynting flux (S{sub proxy}), Poynting flux due to plasma surface motion (S{sub sur}), and Poynting flux due to plasma emergence (S{sub emg}) and analyze their extensive properties in four selected areas: the whole sunspot, the positive sunspot, the negative sunspot, and the strong-field polarity inversion line (SPIL) area. It is found that (1) the S{sub total}, S{sub z} , and S{sub proxy} parameters show similar behaviors in the whole sunspot area and in the negative sunspot area. The evolutions of these three parameters in the positive area and the SPIL area are more volatile because of the effect of sunspot rotation and flux emergence. (2) The evolution of S{sub sur} is largely influenced by the process of sunspot rotation, especially in the positive sunspot. The evolution of S{sub emg} is greatly affected by flux emergence, especially in the SPIL area.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

3D ion gyro-orbit heat load predictions for NSTX-U

Abstract High power tokamaks operate with divertor heat loads capable of destroying the plasma facing components (PFCs). High fidelity heat load predictions are necessary to ascertain the PFC state for design and during operation. Typical heat flux calculations are 2D, time invariant, and assume that power flows directly along the magnetic field lines (the optical approximation). These assumptions neglect the complex 3D geometries employed to protect the PFCs, the time varying nature of the plasma and PFC thermal state, and the helical trajectories of ions with finite Larmor radii (the gyro-orbit approximation). An integrated software framework, the heat flux engineering analysis toolkit (HEAT), was developed to generate time varying optical heat loads applied to real engineering computer aided design (CAD) (Looby et al 2022 Fusion Sci. Technol. 78 10–27). Recently, an ion-gyro orbit module has been added to HEAT. This module calculates the helical trajectories of ions as they gyrate about the magnetic field lines using kinetic theory macro-particles to accelerate the calculation. First, the new gyro-orbit module will be presented. Next, a comparison to existing research is performed. Finally, an analysis of the gyro-orbit heat loads for NSTX-U is presented for diverted discharges using the engineering CAD models utilized for PFC fabrication. Including these gyro-orbit effects can enhance the PFC performance by ‘smearing’ out the magnetic shadows associated with the castellated fish-scaled geometry. Simultaneously, the helical trajectories can degrade performance when they load narrow regions on edges and corners with high heat fluxes. Analysis of the trade-offs between these competing effects is included, and regions for further investigation are identified.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Structural and electronic properties of rare-earth chromites: A computational and experimental study

Here, in this work, the structural, optical, and electronic properties of rare-earth perovskites of the general formula R⁢ CrO 3 , where R⁢ represents the rare-earth Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, have been studied in detail. These compounds were synthesized through a facile citrate route. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy were utilized to reveal the structural evolutions in R⁢ ⁢CrO 3 . The lattice parameters, Cr 3+ –O 2 –Cr 3+ bond angle, and CrO 6 octahedral distortions were found to strongly depend on the ionic radii of R⁢ . First-principles calculations based on density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA were also employed to calculate the structural and electronic properties of R⁢ ⁢CrO 3 . The ground-state energy, lattice constants, electronic structures, and density of states of R⁢ ⁢CrO 3 were calculated. These provide some insights into the electronic characteristics of the R⁢ ⁢CrO 3 compounds. The calculated values of lattice parameters and band gaps with Hubbard U correction (SCAN+ U ) agree well with values measured experimentally and show more accuracy in predicting the ground-state crystal structure and band structure compared to PBE+ U approximation. The band gap of R⁢ ⁢CrO 3 is found to be independent of the ionic radii of R⁢ from both experiments and calculations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

The feasibility of head motion tracking in helical CT: A step toward motion correction

Purpose: To establish a practical and accurate motion tracking method for the development of rigid motion correction methods in helical x-ray computed tomography (CT). Methods: A commercially available optical motion tracking system provided 6 degrees of freedom pose measurements at 60 Hz. A 4 Multiplication-Sign 4 calibration matrix was determined to convert raw pose data acquired in tracker coordinates to a fixed CT coordinate system with origin at the isocenter of the scanner. Two calibration methods, absolute orientation (AO), and a new method based on image registration (IR), were compared by means of landmark analysis and correlation coefficient in phantom images coregistered using the derived motion transformations. Results: Transformations calculated using the IR-derived calibration matrix were found to be more accurate, with positional errors less than 0.5 mm (mean RMS), and highly correlated image voxel intensities. The AO-derived calibration matrix yielded larger mean RMS positional errors ( Asymptotically-Equal-To 1.0 mm), and poorer correlation coefficients. Conclusions: The authors have demonstrated the feasibility of accurate motion tracking for retrospective motion correction in helical CT. Their new IR-based calibration method based on image registration and function minimization was simpler to perform and delivered more accurate calibration matrices. This technique is a useful tool for future work on rigid motion correction in helical CT and potentially also other imaging modalities.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-F-BRD-14: Dose Weighted Linear Energy Transfer Analysis of Critical Structures in Proton Therapy of Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients

Purpose: Dose weighted Linear Energy Transfer (LETd) analysis of critical structures may be useful in understanding the side effects of the proton therapy. The objective is to analyze the differences between LETd and dose distributions in brain tumor patients receiving double scattering proton therapy, to quantify LETd variation in critical organs, and to identify beam arrangements contributing to high LETd in critical organs. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations of 9 pediatric brain tumor patients were performed. The treatment plans were reconstructed with the TOPAS Monte Carlo code to calculate LETd and dose. The beam data were reconstructed proximal to the aperture of the double scattering nozzle. The dose and LETd to target and critical organs including brain stem, optic chiasm, lens, optic nerve, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus were computed for each beam. Results: Greater variability in LETd compared to dose was observed in the brainstem for patients with a variety of tumor types including 5 patients with tumors located in the posterior fossa. Approximately 20%–44% brainstem volume received LETd of 5kev/µm or greater from beams within gantry angles 180°±30° for 5 patients treated with a 3 beam arrangement. Critical organs received higher LETd when located in the vicinity of the beam distal edge. Conclusion: This study presents a novel strategy in the evaluation of the proton treatment impact on critical organs. While the dose to critical organs is confined below the required limits, the LETd may have significant variation. Critical organs in the vicinity of beam distal edge receive higher LETd and depended on beam arrangement, e.g. in posterior fossa tumor treatment, brainstem receive higher LETd from posterior-anterior beams. This study shows importance of the LETd analysis of the radiation impact on the critical organs in proton therapy and may be used to explain clinical imaging observations after therapy.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Highly efficient visible and near-IR photon pair generation with thin-film lithium niobate

Efficient on-chip entangled photon pair generation at telecom wavelengths is an integral aspect of emerging quantum optical technologies, particularly for quantum communication and computing. However, moving to shorter wavelengths enables the use of more accessible silicon detector technology, and opens up applications in imaging and spectroscopy. Here, we present high brightness ((1.6 ± 0.3) × 10 9 pairs/s/mW/nm) visible–near-IR photon pair generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. The degenerate spectrum of the photon pairs is centered at 811 nm with a bandwidth of 117 nm when pumped with a spectrally multimode laser diode. The measured on-chip source efficiency of (2.3 ± 0.5) × 10 11 pairs/s/mW is on par with source efficiencies at telecom wavelengths and is also orders of magnitude higher than the efficiencies of other visible sources implemented in bulk crystal or diffused waveguide-based technologies. Further improvements in the brightness and efficiencies are possible by pumping the device with a single-frequency laser, which would also shrink the pair bandwidth. These results represent the shortest wavelength of photon pairs generated in a nanophotonic waveguide reported to date by nearly an octave.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

A New Electrostatically-focused UV HPD for Liquid Xenon

Appropriate photodetectors are a major challenge for liquid xenon technology as proposed by the next generation of double beta decay, solar neutrino, and dark matter searches. The primary photon signal is tiny and in the hard ultraviolet, the installation is cryogenic, and the sensors themselves must not introduce background. Hybrid photodiodes (HPDs) provide an easy substitute for a conventional PMT with the added advantages of low radioactivity, better area coverage, and single photoelectron counting. A computer-controlled test setup capable of characterizing optical properties of ultraviolet photodetectors was installed. It was used to compare photomultiplier tubes, silicon photomultipliers, avalanche photodiodes, and a novel-design custom HPD developed by the DEP company under this proposal.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

High Performance Perovskite-Based Solar Cells (Final Technical Report)

Hybrid lead-halide perovskite semiconductors have become one of the most heavily studied photovoltaic (PV) materials within the past ten years. However, these materials suffer from two key limitations that have ultimately limited the progression towards commercialization: (i) the inclusion of toxic lead (Pb) and (ii) instability towards moisture, oxygen, and temperature. This project has targeted the development of perovskite absorber materials that replace Pb with a benign alternative and that are stable under atmospheric conditions. Under this broad goal, the project had four major objectives: 1) Develop high-performance Pb-based PV devices and study alternative inorganic contact materials to improve the device stability; 2) Advance computational techniques to understand the electronic and optical properties of perovskite semiconductors from a theoretical perspective; 3) Explore various hybrid and inorganic halide, chalcohalide and chalcogenide perovskite absorbers as highly stable, Pb-free absorber alternatives; 4) Develop thin-film deposition and device fabrication methodologies to deposit high-quality Pb-free perovskite absorbers and high-performance devices. Within the first objective, the researchers fabricated high-performing methylammonium lead iodide solar cells based on both traditional architectures (using a TiO 2 contact) and inverted architectures using NiOx and novel CuCrO 2 as hole transport layers (HTL). The work with CuCrO 2 is the first work demonstrating CuCrO 2 as a promising contact material for future, stable perovskite solar cells. Towards the second objective researchers have calculated the intrinsic stability and optoelectronic properties of multiple Pb-free systems including chalcohalide (e.g. CsBiOF 2 ), halide (e.g. Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 ), and chalcogenide perovskites (e.g. BaZr 1-x TixS 3 ). Additionally, the researchers have furthered the basic understanding of perovskite materials by introducing the concept of electronic dimensionality and its impact on optoelectronic properties. This understanding has had implications in PV applications and beyond. In the third and fourth objectives, the investigators have exhausted a myriad of Pb-free materials in search of a stable, promising Pb-free perovskite absorber, including chalochalides based on CsBiOF 2 , Pb-free halides (such as Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 , Cs 2 TiBr 6 , and Cs(Ge/Sn)I 3 ) , chalcogenide perovskites (e.g. BaZrS 3 ), and perovskite-related halides InI and silver bismuth iodide. While the researchers have studied many promising perovskites and perovskite-alternatives, a stable, high-performing Pb-free absorber has proven to be elusive.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1963

Recent Advances in Display Media

Properties and imaging techniques of various display devices - computer directed visual flight control boards, integrated optical man machine systems, and electro-optical methods

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1969

Laser display systems. II.

Holographic displays using ultrasonic vibrations or laser outputs as optical sources, discussing recording materials, responses and computer applications

Devaney, A. J.↗