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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2020

Current Active Detectors for Dosimetry and Spectrometry on the International Space Station

We present a high-level overview of two of the most important radiation detection systems currently flying aboard the International Space Station(ISS), ISS-RAD and Timepix. ISS-RAD is a single, large unit that is capable of detecting both chargedand neutral high-energy particles. For most of its first three and a half years of operations onboard Station, ISS-RAD has been periodically moved to different modules, includingtheUSLab, Columbus, JEM, Node2, and Node3. In contrast, the much smaller Timepix-based detectors are deployed in several locations around the station. The first generation of these units were known as REMs, or Radiation Environment Monitors. A second generation has recently been deployed, known as REM-2 units. We will briefly describe the technologies used in these systems and their capabilities.

Cary Zeitlin↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Road from Costa Rica to the International Space Station

Astrobee is complex autonomous system comprehending components on board the International Space Station and on Earth. It aims to help scientists and engineers drive innovative research faster as well as becoming the foundation for autonomous systems operating on future un-crewed space stations. I would have not believed I was going to work with Astrobee 10 years ago, let alone when I was a growing up. Being a kid in the mid 80s-90s in Costa Rica was quite different from today. Dreaming of working in space robotics was, unsurprisingly, only a dream. During this presentation, I will talk about the events that helped me navigate through the road that took me from this small Central American country to create maps on a weekly basis for the Astrobee robots in the International Space Station.

Astrobee↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Goes-16 On-Station Custom Maneuver Generation with Focussuite

This paper discusses the process of the NOAA GOES Mission Operations Support Team (MOST) in mitigating the effects of inconsistently performing ArcJet Thrusters (AJTs) aboard the GOES-16 spacecraft in geostationary orbit. These AJTs are hot-gas thrusters which augment the gas flow using an electric arc to increase the exit velocity of the gases. Fuel flow problems have led to GOES-16 being unable to safely use its AJTs for maneuvers at times. This primarily affects North/South Station-Keeping (NSSK) maneuvers, which control inclination and use a majority of the station-keeping fuel budget. As a result, GOES-16 has had to occasionally resort to using non-AJT hot-gas thrusters. These thrusters are not placed as close to GOES-16's centerline, have lower thrust, and have lower specific impulse when compared to AJTs. In addition, MOST’s ground systems do not officially support using these non-AJT thrusters for NSSK maneuvers. MOST had to quickly develop workaround solutions using the FocusSuite Autofocus programming environment to compute the maneuvers. This paper outlines the mixture of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and MOST-developed products which have allowed GOES-16 to continue station-keeping even with inconsistently-per-forming AJTs, showing that script-based automation systems like Autofocus can simplify complex solutions to a few scripted user inputs.

Henry Heim↗
NASA NTRS2020

Solar Observation in X and Ka Bands Using DSA 3 Deep Space Station

In recent years, two deep space stations have been installed in Argentina, DSA 3 of the European Space Agency and CLTC-CONAE-NEUQUEN of China Launch and Tracking Control General. Ten percent of the operating time of these stations is available for the use of the Argentine scientific community through the Announcement of Opportunity published by the National Commission for Space Activities. In this work, some first observational tests of the solar disk have been carried out in the working bands of the DSA 3 station with the aim of measuring the capabilities of the instruments installed for this type of experiment and the developing of tools for pointing the antenna and the processing of received data. All this experience will be used to make a new observation with similar characteristics during the solar eclipse of December 14, 2020.

Kuiper, Tom↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Road from Costa Rica to the International Space Station

Astrobee is complex autonomous system comprehending components on board the International Space Station and on Earth. It aims to help scientists and engineers drive innovative research faster as well as becoming the foundation for autonomous systems operating on future un-crewed space stations. I would have not believed I was going to work with Astrobee 10 years ago, let alone when I was a growing up. Being a kid in the mid 80s-90s in Costa Rica was quite different from today. Dreaming of working in space robotics was, unsurprisingly, only a dream. During this presentation, I will talk about the events that helped me navigate through the road that took me from this small Central American country to create maps on a weekly basis for the Astrobee robots in the International Space Station.

Astrobee↗
NASA NTRS2023

Fire Station #3 Area, Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 106 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Site Assessment Progress Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Site Assessment (SA) Progress Report (SAPR) presents the activities and results associated with PFAS investigation in the Fire Station #3 (FS3) Area located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. FS3 (formerly known as Fire Station #6) was previously designated as Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 106 for legacy contaminants that were investigated and still being managed under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action Program. This PFAS SA is being managed under SWMU 106 as the fire station was also identified as the potential source of PFAS to the environment in this area.

Sarah Damphouse↗
NASA NTRS2024

Enhancing Future Commercial Space Stations: Applying ISS Insights to Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) Development

The expansion of space exploration to commercial space stations represents a shift from government-led endeavors to a new competitive era driven by private companies and innovative forces. The journey to actualize these celestial outposts is fraught with difficulties, including the intricate establishment of Environmental Control and Life Support systems (ECLSS) within these commercial space stations. By applying the insights gleaned from the ISS, particularly during the initial conceptual design phase of the commercial developments, there is an opportunity to circumvent some of the teething issues and optimize the development process. Furthermore, applying insights from the ISS ECLSS design, development, test, and maintenance phases has the potential to enhance system compatibility and mitigate the challenges associated with upgrading a fixed design. This approach can lead to lower costs due to fewer iterations and streamlined processes. This paper will conduct an in-depth evaluation of the ECLS system from both system and operational perspectives with the aim to provide a knowledge capture for early-stage design considerations to bolster the development of sustainable, efficient, and habitable commercial space stations.

ISS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Enhancing Future Commercial Space Stations: Applying ISS Insights to Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) Development

The expansion of space exploration to commercial space stations represents a shift from government-led endeavors to a new competitive era driven by private companies and innovative forces. The journey to actualize these celestial outposts is fraught with difficulties, including the intricate establishment of Environmental Control and Life Support systems (ECLSS) within these commercial space stations. By applying the insights gleaned from the ISS, particularly during the initial conceptual design phase of the commercial developments, there is an opportunity to circumvent some of the teething issues and optimize the development process. Furthermore, applying insights from the ISS ECLSS design, development, test, and maintenance phases has the potential to enhance system compatibility and mitigate the challenges associated with upgrading a fixed design. This approach can lead to lower costs due to fewer iterations and streamlined processes. This paper will conduct an in-depth evaluation of the ECLS system from both system and operational perspectives with the aim to provide a knowledge capture for early-stage design considerations to bolster the development of sustainable, efficient, and habitable commercial space stations.

ISS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The International Space Station, Optical Communications, and Delay Tolerant Networking: Towards A Solar System Internet Architecture

As Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) matures as a software product its use cases have extended to infrastructural and architectural studies, bringing DTN closer to a widespread, operational technology. While it is known that a DTN can be configured, given complete information about a system of nodes, to provision a system with a complete network capability, what remains is to tackle practical considerations such as scalability, networking best practices, and how to establish service providers. In this paper, we document progress towards a scalable DTN architecture that was tested across multiple organizational and project boundaries; our approach was tested across nodes flying on the International Space Station (ISS) connected to a ground network. The network consists of four main network areas: the ISS, the White Sands Complex (WSC), the Mission Cloud Platform (MCP), and NASA’s Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC). The connections on the ground (WSC, MCP, and HOSC) are straightforward technically, but represent administrative and non-technical challenges that had to be overcome. The connection from the ISS to WSC was realized through a hybrid optical/RF means. In particular, NASA’s Integrated Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) can form a relay from lowEarth-orbit (LEO) to the Earth, and was used in conjunction with the LCRD LEO User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T) on the ISS to form a link to one of three geographically diverse ground stations. A major goal was to achieve communications while keeping the ISS nodes unaware of ground station choices and scheduling. These disparate links were networked using High-rate DTN (HDTN), which enabled the desired architecture. The network architecture, tests, HDTN performance metrics, and general observations made are all discussed in detail, including a discussion on the successful utilization of the DTN security standard known as DTN Bundle Protocol Security (BPSec). We conclude with suggestions for next steps, and in particular focus on extending this architecture to the Near Space Network (NSN) and the upcoming LunaNet.

Alan Hylton↗
DOE OSTI2010

IQ-Station: A Low Cost Portable Immersive Environment

The emergence of inexpensive 3D TV’s, affordable input and rendering hardware and open-source software has created a yeasty atmosphere for the development of low-cost immersive environments (IE). A low cost IE system, or IQ-station, fashioned from commercial off the shelf technology (COTS), coupled with a targeted immersive application can be a viable laboratory instrument for enhancing scientific workflow for exploration and analysis. The use of an IQ-station in a laboratory setting also has the potential of quickening the adoption of a more sophisticated immersive environment as a critical enabler in modern scientific and engineering workflows. Prior work in immersive environments generally required either a head mounted display (HMD) system or a large projector-based implementation both of which have limitations in terms of cost, usability, or space requirements. The solution presented here provides an alternative platform providing a reasonable immersive experience that addresses those limitations. Our work brings together the needed hardware and software to create a fully integrated immersive display and interface system that can be readily deployed in laboratories and common workspaces. By doing so, it is now feasible for immersive technologies to be included in researchers’ day-to-day workflows. The IQ-Station sets the stage for much wider adoption of immersive environments outside the small communities of virtual reality centers.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

SECOND TARGET STATION MODERATOR PERFORMANCE WITH A ROTATING TARGET

Oak Ridge National Laboratory manages and operates the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor, two of the world's most advanced neutron scattering facilities. Both facilities are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, and are available to researchers from all over the world. Delivering cutting edge science requires continuous improvements and development of the facilities and instruments. The SNS was designed from the outset to accommodate an additional target station, or Second Target Station (STS), and an upgraded accelerator feeding proton beams to STS and the existing First Target Station (FTS). Upgrade of the accelerator and the design and construction of STS are being proposed. The presently considered STS configuration is driven with short (<1 s) proton pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate and 467 kW proton beam power, and is optimized for high intensity and high resolution long wavelength neutron applications. STS will allow installation of 22 beamlines and will expand and complement the current national neutron scattering capabilities. In 2015 the STS studies were performed for a compact tungsten target; first a stationary tungsten plate target was analyzed to considerable details and then dropped in favor of a rotating target. For both target options the proton beam footprint as small as acceptable from mechanical and heat removal aspects is required to arrive at a compact-volume neutron production zone in the target, which is essential for tight coupling of target and moderators and for achieving high-intensity peak neutron fluxes. This paper will present recent STS work with the emphasis on neutronics and moderator performance.

long wavelength neutrons↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Method to Extract Soiling Loss Data from Soiling Stations with Imperfect Cleaning Schedules: Preprint

Typical PV soiling stations determine the natural soiling losses by comparing the output of a naturally soiled PV cell to that of a PV cell maintained in the clean state. Inadequate cleaning frequency or human error provides opportunity for the cleaned cell to soil, directly resulting in error in the reported soiling ratio. This work investigates an algorithm to automatically detect and correct the data stream for errors associated with soiling of the clean cell. The methodology is tested on several soiling stations with irregular cleaning schedules as well as a soiling station where both ideal and imperfect cleaning schedules are in place. The initial results show that the algorithm can reduce error associated with imperfect cleaning but also confirms the benefits of maintaining an optimal cleaning schedule.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

COMMISSIONING UPDATE ON RF STATION #5 OF AWA

The RF system of Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility has grown over the years from one RF power station into 4 RF power stations. The demanding for RF power keeps growing as the capability of AWA con-tinues to grow. Now the 5th RF station is needed to fulfill the RF power needs of AWA facility. Some details regard-ing the construction and commissioning of the 5th RF sta-tion of AWA facility are documented in this paper.

Liu, W.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optimal Sizing of an Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Integration of PV and Energy Storage

This paper proposes an optimization model for the optimal configuration of an grid-connected electric vehicle (EV) extreme fast charging station considering integration of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage. The proposed model minimizes the annualized net cost (i.e., maximizes the annualized net profit) of the extreme fast charging station, including investment and maintenance cost of charging ports, PV and energy storage, net cost of purchasing energy from utility and selling energy to EV customers, degradation cost of energy storage and demand charge. The decision variables are number of charging ports, capacity of invested PV and the power and energy ratings of invested energy storage. The Erlang-loss system is adopted to model the EV mobility. Results of numerical simulations indicate that investment of PV and energy storage could increase the annualized profit of the extreme fast charging station. In addition, the impacts of various parameters on the optimal solution are investigated by sensitivity analysis.

Liu, Guodong↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling Freight Traffic Demand and Highway Networks for Hydrogen Fueling Station Planning: A Case Study of U.S. Interstate 75 Corridor

The use of hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel has gained much interest in recent years. Hydrogen can be utilized in electric vehicles equipped with hydrogen powertrains (including hydrogen internal combustion engines or fuel cells). Given that most of the freight in the U.S. is transported via diesel trucks, transition to hydrogen fuel would help achieve significant environmental benefits as well as accelerate the decarbonization of the freight transportation sector. This paper presents the methodology and results of a case study on modeling freight traffic demand and highway networks based on publicly available data for the Interstate 75 freight corridor. The purpose of this study is to prepare input traffic and network data that can support the planning of a hydrogen fueling station infrastructure. In particular, the data can be used for siting and characterizing an optimized framework of hydrogen fueling stations from candidate diesel stations along the Interstate 75 corridor. The methodologies developed and presented in this paper may be readily expanded and applied to any transport corridor given the data availability. This paper is the first in a series that will build out a comprehensive model to optimize a consolidated national hydrogen refueling infrastructure eco-system targeted at commercial vehicles.

Uddin, Majbah↗
DOE OSTI2012

Investigations on optimization of accident management measures following a station blackout accident in a VVER-1000 pressurized water reactor

The reactor safety issues are of primary importance for preserving the health of the population and ensuring no release of radioactivity and fission products into the environment. A part of the nuclear research focuses on improvement of the safety of existing nuclear power plants. Studies, research and efforts are a continuing process at improving the safety and reliability of existing and newly developed nuclear power plants at prevention of a core melt accident. Station blackout (loss of AC power supply) is one of the dominant accidents taken into consideration at performing accident analysis. In case of multiple failures of safety systems it leads to a severe accident. To prevent an accident to turn into a severe one or to mitigate the consequences, accident management measures must be performed. The present paper outlines possibilities for application and optimization of accident management measures following a station blackout accident. Assessed is the behaviour of the nuclear power plant during a station blackout accident without accident management measures and with application of primary/secondary side oriented accident management measures. Discussed are the possibilities for operators ' intervention and the influence of the performed accident management measures on the course of the accident. Special attention has been paid to the effectiveness of the passive feeding and physical phenomena having an influence on the system behaviour. The performed simulations show that the effectiveness of the secondary side feeding procedure can be limited due to an early evaporation or flashing effects in the feed water system. The analyzed cases show that the effectiveness of the accident management measures strongly depends on the initiation criteria applied for depressurization of the reactor coolant system. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2012

ESBWR response to an extended station blackout/loss of all AC power

U.S. federal regulations require light water cooled nuclear power plants to cope with Station Blackouts for a predetermined amount of time based on design factors for the plant. U.S. regulations define Station Blackout (SBO) as a loss of the offsite electric power system concurrent with turbine trip and unavailability of the onsite emergency AC power system. According to U.S. regulations, typically the coping period for an SBO is 4 hours and can be as long as 16 hours for currently operating BWR plants. Being able to cope with an SBO and loss of all AC power is required by international regulators as well. The U.S. licensing basis for the ESBWR is a coping period of 72 hours for an SBO based on U.S. NRC requirements for passive safety plants. In the event of an extended SBO (viz., greater than 72 hours), the ESBWR response shows that the design is able to cope with the event for at least 7 days without AC electrical power or operator action. ESBWR is a Generation III+ reactor design with an array of passive safety systems. The ESBWR primary success path for mitigation of an SBO event is the Isolation Condenser System (ICS). The ICS is a passive, closed loop, safety system that initiates automatically on a loss of power. Upon Station Blackout or loss of all AC power, the ICS begins removing decay heat from the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) by (i) condensing the steam into water in heat exchangers located in pools of water above the containment, and (ii) transferring the decay heat to the atmosphere. The condensed water is then returned by gravity to cool the reactor again. The ICS alone is capable of maintaining the ESBWR in a safe shutdown condition after an SBO for an extended period. The fuel remains covered throughout the SBO event. The ICS is able to remove decay heat from the RPV for at least 7 days and maintains the reactor in a safe shutdown condition. The water level in the RPV remains well above the top of active fuel for the duration of the SBO event. Beyond 7 days, only a few simple actions are needed to cope with the SBO for an indefinite amount of time. The operation of the ICS as the primary success path for mitigation of an SBO, allows for near immediate plant restart once power is restored. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Holistic Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle/Hydrogen Station Optimization Model (CRADA CRD-18-00745 Final Report)

The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), Argonne National Lab (ANL), Sandia National Lab (SNL), and Frontier Energy, Inc comprise a team that will perform a review of currently available models that can simulate both a hydrogen station and a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), and whose owners are willing to make them available freely. We will then down select to a single model or model pair, secure agreements for their free use, and validate the resulting model or coupled models. For example, we may evaluate an existing 1-D hydrogen fueling model developed by Kyushu University for the Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The validation will take place using data from various sources, potentially including the European Joint Research Center (JRC) HyTransfer project, SAE testing performed by Powertech to validate SAE J2601, and whole-station validation using the NREL’s Hydrogen Infrastructure Testing and Research Facility (HITRF). The team will make the model and all the validation data open to the public at the end of the project.

1-D hydrogen fueling model↗