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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,369 records · Page 76
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Estimation of post-burst vibration-induced fuel dispersal thresholds following LOCA-simulant testing

The nuclear industry intends to increase burnup past the regulatory limit of 62 GWd/MTU, and to be successful, the dispersal behavior of fragmented high-burnup fuel during loss-of-coolant accidents must be better understood. Part of this behavior is fuel fragmentation, relocation, and dispersal. This work reports on testing concerning the dispersal of fuel from rods following burst and pressure blowdown through the burst. The Fuel Relocation Induced by Accident Recovery (FRIAR) system was used to examine surrogate material and pre-burst cladding specimens to evaluate the effects of vibrational loading, mixture composition, and burst size on post-burst dispersal. Vibrational loading resulted in maximum dispersal around 15 Hz when the loading was performed with peak-to-peak oscillation amplitudes at 0.5 and 1 mm. Here, under this aggressive vibrational loading, dispersal was found to become significant as burst widths increased to approximately 5 mm and larger. However, below 4 mm widths, little material dispersed out of the opening, even at 1 mm amplitudes and for more dispersive mixtures (smaller average fragments). At and above 7 mm widths, dispersal was rapid for all mixtures. Finally, dispersal in the threshold region (4–5 mm wide bursts) strongly depended on the mixture. For mixtures with large fragments, dispersal was minimized to a few fragments, as the large fragments proved to be effective at minimizing dispersal. Conversely, mixtures with smaller fragments showed increased dispersal in this region.

Burst geometry↗
DOE OSTI2021

High-temperature high-pressure microfluidic system for rapid screening of supercritical CO 2 foaming agents

CO 2 foam helps to increase the viscosity of CO 2 flood fluid and thus improve the process efficiency of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas’s subsurface utilization and sequestration. Successful CO 2 foam formation mandates the development of high-performance chemicals at close to reservoir conditions, which in turn requires extensive laboratory tests and evaluations. This work demonstrates the utilization of a microfluidic reservoir analogue for rapid evaluation and screening of commercial surfactants (i.e., Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Lauramidopropyl Betaine, Tallow Amine Ethoxylate, N,N,N' Trimethyl-N'-Tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, and Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate) based on their performance to produce supercritical CO 2 foam at high salinity, temperature, and pressure conditions. The microfluidic analogue was designed to represent the pore sizes of the geologic reservoir rock and to operate at 100 °C and 13.8 MPa. Values of the pressure drop across the microfluidic analogue during flow of the CO 2 foam through its pore network was used to evaluate the strength of the generated foam and utilized only milliliters of liquid. The transparent microfluidic pore network allows in-situ quantitative visualization of CO 2 foam to calculate its half-life under static conditions while observing if there is any damage to the pore network due to precipitation and blockage. The microfluidic mobility reduction results agree with those of foam loop rheometer measurements, however, the microfluidic approach provided more accurate foam stability data to differentiate the foaming agent as compared with conventional balk testing. The results obtained here supports the utility of microfluidic systems for rapid screening of chemicals for carbon sequestration or enhanced oil recovery operations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Evaluating Composite Sampling Methods of Bacillus Spores at Low Concentrations

Restoring facility operations after the 2001 Amerithrax attacks took over three months to complete, highlighting the need to reduce remediation time. The most time intensive tasks were environmental sampling and sample analyses. Composite sampling allows disparate samples to be combined, with only a single analysis needed, making it a promising method to reduce response times. We developed a statistical experimental design to test three different composite sampling methods: 1) single medium single pass composite: a single cellulose sponge samples multiple coupons; 2) single medium multi-pass composite: a single cellulose sponge is used to sample multiple coupons; and 3) multi-medium post-sample composite: a single cellulose sponge samples a single surface, and then multiple sponges are combined during sample extraction. Five spore concentrations of Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura spores were tested; concentrations ranged from 5 to 100 CFU/coupon (0.00775 to 0.155CFU/cm 2 , respectively). Study variables included four clean surface materials (stainless steel, vinyl tile, ceramic tile, and painted wallboard) and three grime coated/dirty materials (stainless steel, vinyl tile, and ceramic tile). Analysis of variance for the clean study showed two significant factors: composite method (p-value < 0.0001) and coupon material (p-value = 0.0008). Recovery efficiency (RE) was higher overall using the post-sample composite (PSC) method compared to single medium composite from both clean and grime coated materials. RE with the PSC method for concentrations tested (10 to 100 CFU/coupon) was similar for ceramic tile, painted wall board, and stainless steel for clean materials. RE was lowest for vinyl tile with both composite methods. Statistical tests for the dirty study showed RE was significantly higher for vinyl and stainless steel materials, but significantly lower for ceramic tile. These results suggest post-sample compositing can be used to reduce sample analysis time when responding to a Bacillus anthracis contamination event of clean or dirty surfaces.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF A STRAIGHT-MERGER BEAMLINE

Beamlines capable of merging beams with different energies are critical to many applications related to advanced accelerator concepts and energy recovery linacs (ERLs). A straight merger system composed of a transverse deflecting cavity with a superimposed dipole magnet was proposed and recently tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. This paper reports on the experimental demonstration of the concept along with detailed beam dynamics investigations of the merger concept and its ability to conserve the beam brightness associated with the fresh bunch. Possible applications to ERL and beam-driven wakefield accelerators are also discussed.

Phillips, C.↗
DOE OSTI2023

EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF A STRAIGHT-MERGER BEAMLINE

Beamlines capable of merging beams with different energies are critical to many applications related to advanced accelerator concepts and energy recovery linacs (ERLs). A straight merger system composed of a transverse deflecting cavity with a superimposed dipole magnet was proposed and recently tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. This paper reports on the experimental demonstration of the concept along with detailed beam dynamics investigations of the merger concept and its ability to conserve the beam brightness associated with the fresh bunch. Possible applications to ERL and beam-driven wakefield accelerators are also discussed.

Phillips, C.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements from Fire Clay Seam Coal

Recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal samples collected from the Fire Clay coal seam using diluted mineral acid solutions was investigated. The initial processing step was coal recovery using conventional froth flotation which concentrated the REEs in tailing material resulting in an upgrade to values around 700 ppm on a dry whole mass basis. Leaching experiments were performed on the flotation tailings material using a 1.2 M sulfuric acid solution adjusted to a temperature of 75 °C to study the extractability of REEs from coal material. The effect of particle size, leaching time, leaching temperature, and solid concentration on REE leaching recovery were evaluated. The kinetic data obtained from leaching over a range of temperatures suggested that the leaching process follows the shrinking core model with possibly a mixed control mechanism that may be a result of several heterogenous materials leaching simultaneously. Leaching recovery increased rapidly at the beginning of the reaction then slowed as the system reached equilibrium. The apparent activation energy determined from test data obtained over a range of temperatures using 1 M sulfuric acid was 36 kJ/mol for the first 20 min of reaction time and 27 kJ/mol for the leaching period between 20 and 120 min. The leaching of light REEs during the initial stage was determined to be driven by a chemical reaction, followed by the formation of a product layer, which required lower activation energy in the later stage of leaching. In regards to the heavy REEs, the major mechanism for leaching is desorption and the product layer formation does not affect the heavy REEs significantly.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1981

Application of improved technology to a preprototype vapor compression distillation /VCD/ water recovery subsystem

Vapor compression distillation (VCD) is considered the most efficient water recovery process for spacecraft application. This paper reports on a preprototype VCD which has undergone the most extensive operational and component development testing of any VCD subsystem to date. The component development effort was primarily aimed at eliminating corrosion and the need for lubrication, upgrading electronics, and substituting nonmetallics in key rotating components. The VCD evolution is documented by test results on specific design and/or materials changes. Innovations worthy of further investigation and additional testing are summarized for future VCD subsystem development reference. Conclusions on experience gained are presented.

Johnson, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

PTA test bed aircraft engine inlet model test report, revised

The inlet duct test for the Propfan Testbed Assessment (PTA) program was completed in November 1984. The basic test duct was designed using the Lockheed QUADPAN computational code. Test objectives were to experimentally evaluate, modify as required, and eventually verify satisfactory performance as well as duct/engine compatibility. Measured total pressure recovery for the basic duct was 0.993 with no swirl and 0.989 for inflow with a 30 degree simulated swirl angle. This compared to a predicted recovery of 0.979 with no swirl. Measured circumferential distortion with swirl, based on a least-square curve fit of the data, was 0.204 compared to a maximum allowable value of 0.550. Other measured distortion parameters did as well or better relative to their respective maximum allowable values. The basic duct configuration with no refinements is recommended for the PTA inlet as a minimum cost installation.

Hancock, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Analysis of results from wind tunnel tests of inlets for an advanced turboprop nacelle installation

Inlets for tractor installations of advanced turboprop propulsion systems were tested in three phases, covering a period from November, 1982 to January, 1984. Nacelle inlet configuration types included single scoop, twin scoop, and annular arrangements. Tests were performed with and without boundary layer diverters and several different diverter heights were tested for the single scoop inlet. This same inlet was also tested at two different axial positions. Test Mach numbers ranged from Mach 0.20 to 0.80. Types of data taken were: (1) internal and external pressures, including inlet throat recoveries; (2) balance forces, including thrust-minus-drag; and (3) propellar blade stresses.

Hancock, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Refurbishment of one-person regenerative air revitalization system

Regenerative processes for the revitalization of spacecraft atmospheres and reclamation of waste waters are essential for making long-term manned space missions a reality. Processes studied include: static feed water electrolysis for oxygen generation, Bosch carbon dioxide reduction, electrochemical carbon dioxide concentration, vapor compression distillation water recovery, and iodine monitoring. The objectives were to: provide engineering support to Marshall Space Flight Center personnel throughout all phases of the test program, e.g., planning through data analysis; fabricate, test, and deliver to Marshall Space Flight Center an electrochemical carbon dioxide module and test stand; fabricate and deliver an iodine monitor; evaluate the electrochemical carbon dioxide concentrator subsystem configuration and its ability to ensure safe utilization of hydrogen gas; evaluate techniques for recovering oxygen from a product oxygen and carbon dioxide stream; and evaluate the performance of an electrochemical carbon dioxide concentrator module to operate without hydrogen as a method of safe haven operation. Each of the tasks were related in that all focused on providing a better understanding of the function, operation, and performance of developmental pieces of environmental control and life support system hardware.

Powell, Ferolyn T.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Software reliability through fault-avoidance and fault-tolerance

Accomplishments in the following research areas are summarized: structure based testing, reliability growth, and design testability with risk evaluation; reliability growth models and software risk management; and evaluation of consensus voting, consensus recovery block, and acceptance voting. Four papers generated during the reporting period are included as appendices.

Vouk, Mladen A.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Genesis Contingency Planning and Mishap Recovery: The Sample Curation View

Planning for sample preservation and curation was part of mission design from the beginning. One of the scientific objectives for Genesis included collecting samples of three regimes of the solar wind in addition to collecting bulk solar wind during the mission. Collectors were fabricated in different thicknesses for each regime of the solar wind and attached to separate frames exposed to the solar wind during specific periods of solar activity associated with each regime. The original plan to determine the solar regime sampled for specific collectors was to identify to which frame the collector was attached. However, the collectors were dislodged during the hard landing making identification by frame attachment impossible. Because regimes were also identified by thickness of the collector, the regime sampled is identified by measuring fragment thickness. A variety of collector materials and thin films applied to substrates were selected and qualified for flight. This diversity provided elemental measurement in more than one material, mitigating effects of diffusion rates and/or radiation damage. It also mitigated against different material and substrate strengths resulting in differing effects of the hard landing. For example, silicon crystal substrates broke into smaller fragments than sapphire-based substrates and diamond surfaces were more resilient to flying debris damage than gold. The primary responsibility of the curation team for recovery was process documentation. Contingency planning for the recovery phase expanded this responsibility to include not only equipment to document, but also gather, contain and identify samples from the landing area and the recovered spacecraft. The team developed contingency plans for various scenarios as part of mission planning that included topographic maps to aid in site recovery and identification of different modes of transport and purge capability depending on damage. A clean tent, set-up at Utah Test & Training Range to control the environment for processing the sample return capsule and cleanly installing a nitrogen purge to the canister, was used to control the environment for extracting collector fragments from the damaged canister and to document and package over 10,000 collector fragments.

Stansbery, E. K.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Operating characteristics of an inlet model tested with a 0.5m powered fan at high angles of attack

An inlet model designed for high angle of attack capability, coupled to a .508 m tip diameter turbofan simulator, was tested in the NASA-Lewis Research Center's 9-by 15-ft low speed wind tunnel. The test variables were: tunnel velocity, 0 to 75 m/s; inlet angle of attack, 0 to 120 deg; and fan face corrected airflow per unit area, 75 to 200 kg/s sqm. The inlet flow separation boundaries, the fan face total pressure recovery and distortion characteristics, and the fan blade vibratory stresses were determined. The recovery, distortion, and stress levels showed no abrupt changes at the onset of separation, but became gradually more unfavorable as the size and intensity of the separation increased as induced by increasingly severe operating conditions. Performance characteristics for a large scale model of the inlet were estimated from these test results.

Koncsek, J. L.↗
DOE OSTI2022

An Update on the Status of a Reduced Flow Test of a 10MW 700°C sCO2 Integrally Geared Compander

. In order to maintain viability as a future power-generating technology, concentrating solar power (CSP) must reduce its levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). One component of solving this problem is reducing the cost of the power block while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. One disruptive technology that has the promise to accomplish this is supercritical CO2 based power cycles. These cycles are conceptually similar to steam cycles; however, they have substantially smaller turbomachinery at equivalent power while also delivering more efficiency at turbine inlet temperatures of 500-700 degrees Celsius. This paper will summarize the current status of a US Department of Energy project to develop machinery to support a 10 MW sCO2 power cycle. The team of Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) and Hanwha Power Systems America, proposed to develop an integrally-geared (IG) compressor-expander (compander) for use in a nominal 10 MW-scale concentrated solar power (CSP) supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) plant application. This integrally-geared compander (IGC) comprises multiple pinion shafts interconnected on a single bull gear to create a compact package, and utilizes a low-cost, low-speed driver. In addition, the integrally geared architecture allows each pinion to operate at different rotational speeds to optimize performance and easily allow for inter-stage cooling and turbine re-heat to further enhance both stage and cycle efficiency. The close integration of all turbomachinery elements into a single integrally-geared (IG) machine creates a design that lends itself to power block modularization, which makes it suitable for waste heat recovery, fossil fuel power plants, and especially CSP applications. As part of the commercialization of this technology, it is necessary to reduce risk by validation testing of key components. In the current work, the focus is developing a test loop to enable safe testing of the main compressor stage across a wide range of operating conditions, and to validate the mechanical integrity of the turbine at full pressure, temperature, and speed. Developing a test loop for sCO2 requires balancing a number of design alternatives that impact cost, lead time, safety, and performance. The current work discusses the design process for the reduced flow test loop for the compander, and supporting documentation supporting the viability of the test loop

wilkes, jason↗
DOE OSTI2019

General-relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics with Robust Primitive-variable Recovery for Accretion Disk Simulations

Recent advances in black hole astrophysics, particularly the first visual evidence of a supermassive black holeat the center of the galaxy M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), and the detection of an orbiting “hot spot”nearby the event horizon of Sgr A* in the Galactic center by the Gravity Collaboration, require the developmentof novel numerical methods to understand the underlying plasma microphysics. Non-thermal emission related tosuch hot spots is conjectured to originate from plasmoids that form due to magnetic reconnection in thin currentlayers in the innermost accretion zone. Resistivity plays a crucial role in current sheet formation, magneticreconnection, and plasmoid growth in black hole accretion disks and jets. We included resistivity in the three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) codeBHACand present the implementationof an Implicit-Explicit scheme to treat the stiff resistive source terms of the GRMHD equations. The algorithmis tested in combination with adaptive mesh refinement to resolve the resistive scales and a constrained transportmethod to keep the magnetic field solenoidal. Several novel methods for primitive variable recovery, a key part inrelativistic magnetohydrodynamics codes, are presented and compared for accuracy, robustness, and efficiency.We propose a new inversion strategy that allows for resistive-GRMHD simulations of low gas-to-magneticpressure ratio and highly magnetized regimes as applicable for black hole accretion disks, jets, and neutron starmagnetospheres. We apply the new scheme to study the effect of resistivity on accreting black holes, accountingfor dissipative effects as reconnection

(magnetohydrodynamics:) MHD↗