DOE OSTI2017
Currently, nuclear power generates only a small fraction of the world's electricity, though it does have the potential to meet the needs of the world as long as its production can compete with the alternative energy base load producers. In U.S the commercial nuclear fleet comprises of Light Water Reactors (LWRs), consisting of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). Many plants experience multiple events each year, which lead to reactor trips or scrams. This subsequently leads to plants being off the grid, which is not an economically favorable situation in the current energy markets. This study helps identify functional impact (FI) event categories for both PWR's and BWR's. Understanding that not all events and their causes can be anticipated, current industry best practices implement lessons learned to provide challenges and issues identification. In turn these are studied to achieve improved operational practices, and design modifications. This leads to overall enhanced resiliency. FI groups are the categories of initiating events (IE). IEs are unplanned events that occur while a nuclear plant is in critical operation, and requires that the plant be shut down to achieve a stable state. When a risk cannot be eliminated, IEs are identified and studied to reduce the risk and contribute to the identification of mitigations, safer designs and operational practices. Breaking IE events into groups' results in the classification of FI groups. A FI group is a risk-significant event category that could impact the ability of a NPP to remove decay heat from the reactor. Inability to remove decay heat from the reactor has the potential to lead to core damage. For an event to be considered a FI, it must be associated with a manual or automatic reactor trip, irrespective of the order of events. In addition, the plant must be at or above the point of adding heat and the event must happen before or shortly after a reactor trip. One or more FIs may be identified in any individual reactor trip sequence. The relationship between FI sequence, and/or frequency per a plant event is outside the scope of this paper. For example, the loss of offsite power (LOOP) can occur from eternal events (i.e. weather, human, wildlife etc.). This results in an event that requires a transfer of power to an emergency source, such as a generator, which produces a reactor trip and then a closure of main steam isolation valves (MSIVS). The FI applicable to this reactor trip sequence would be LOOP and closure of at least one MSIV in each main steam line. The results presented herein are focused on the analysis and evaluation of FI event categories. Only FI categories that can be found in IE studies, Initialing Events Spreadsheet and are recorded in a historical review of Licensee Event Reports (LERs) from 1988 through 2013. The results of this analysis can support plant decisions, design, procedures, and identify weakness.
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗