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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Higgs boson sector of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with CP violation

We perform a comprehensive study of the Higgs sector in the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with CP-violating parameters in the superpotential and in the soft-supersymmetry-breaking sector. Since the CP is no longer a good symmetry, the two CP-odd and the three CP-even Higgs bosons of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model in the CP-conserving limit will mix. We show explicitly how the mass spectrum and couplings to gauge bosons of the various Higgs bosons change when the CP-violating phases take on nonzero values. We include full one-loop and the logarithmically enhanced two-loop effects employing the renormalization-group (RG) improved approach. In addition, the LEP limits, the global minimum condition, and the positivity of the square of the Higgs-boson mass have been imposed. We demonstrate the effects on the Higgs-mass spectrum and the couplings to gauge bosons with and without the RG-improved corrections. Substantial modifications to the allowed parameter space happen because of the changes to the Higgs-boson spectrum and their couplings with the RG-improved corrections. Finally, we calculate the mass spectrum and couplings of the few selected scenarios and compare to the previous results in literature where possible; in particular, we illustrate a scenario motivated by electroweak baryogenesis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Discussing direct search of dark matter particles in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model with light neutralinos

We examine the status of light neutralinos in an effective minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model at the electroweak scale which was considered in the past and discussed in terms of the available data of direct searches for dark matter particles. Our reanalysis is prompted by new measurements at the Tevatron and B factories which might potentially provide significant constraints on the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Here we examine in detail all these new data and show that the present published results from the Tevatron and B factories have only a mild effect on the original light-neutralino population. This population, which fits quite well the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation data, would also agree with the preliminary results of CDMS, CoGeNT, and CRESST, should these data, which are at present only hints of excesses of events over the expected backgrounds, be interpreted as authentic signals of dark matter. For the neutralino mass we find a lower bound of 7-8 GeV. Our results differ from some recent conclusions by other authors because of a few crucial points which we try to single out and elucidate.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Branching ratios, forward-backward asymmetries, and angular distributions of B{yields}K{sub 2}*l{sup +}l{sup -} in the standard model and two new physics scenarios

We analyze the B{yields}K{sub 2}*({yields}K{pi})l{sup +}l{sup -} (with l=e, {mu}, {tau}) decay in the standard model and two new physics scenarios: the vectorlike quark model and family nonuniversal Z{sup '} models. We derive the differential angular distributions using the recently calculated form factors in the perturbative QCD approach. Branching ratios, polarizations, forward-backward asymmetries, and transversity amplitudes are predicted, from which we find a promising prospective to observe this channel in future experiments. We update the constraints on effective Wilson coefficients and/or free parameters in these two new physics scenarios by making use of the B{yields}K*l{sup +}l{sup -} and b{yields}sl{sup +}l{sup -} experimental data. Their impact on B{yields}K{sub 2}*l{sup +}l{sup -} is subsequently explored and, in particular, the zero-crossing point for the forward-backward asymmetry in these new physics scenarios can sizably deviate from the standard model. In addition we also generalize the analysis to a similar mode, B{sub s}{yields}f{sub 2}{sup '}(1525)({yields}K{sup +}K{sup -})l{sup +}l{sup -}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Lepton number violation in theories with a large number of standard model copies

We examine lepton number violation (LNV) in theories with a saturated black hole bound on a large number of species. Such theories have been advocated recently as a possible solution to the hierarchy problem and an explanation of the smallness of neutrino masses. On the other hand, the violation of the lepton number can be a potential phenomenological problem of this N-copy extension of the standard model as due to the low quantum gravity scale black holes may induce TeV scale LNV operators generating unacceptably large rates of LNV processes. We show, however, that this issue can be avoided by introducing a spontaneously broken U{sub 1(B-L)}. Then, due to the existence of a specific compensation mechanism between contributions of different Majorana neutrino states, LNV processes in the standard model copy become extremely suppressed with rates far beyond experimental reach.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutral Higgs boson pair production at the linear collider in the noncommutative standard model

We study the Higgs boson pair production at the linear collider in the noncommutative extension of the standard model using the Seiberg-Witten map of this to the first order of the noncommutative parameter {Theta}{sub {mu}{nu}}. Unlike the standard model (where the process is forbidden) here the Higgs boson pair directly interacts with the photon. We find that the pair production cross section can be quite significant for the noncommutative scale {Lambda} lying in the range 0.5 TeV to 1.0 TeV. Using the experimental (LEP 2, Tevatron, and global electroweak fit) bound on the Higgs mass, we obtain 626 GeV{<=}{Lambda}{<=}974 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

On D{yields}X{sub u}l{sup +}l{sup -} within the Standard Model and frameworks like the littlest Higgs model with T Parity

The D{yields}X{sub u}l{sup +}l{sup -} transitions -- branching ratios, forward-backward (FB) asymmetry A{sub FB}{sup c}, the CP asymmetry A{sub CP}{sup c}, and the CP asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry A{sub FB}{sup CP} -- have two sources: for D{sup {+-}}they represent a pure {Delta}C=1 and {Delta}Q=0 current interaction whereas neutral D mesons can also communicate via their antihadron. Standard model (SM) contributions to BR(D{yields}X{sub u}l{sup +}l{sup -}) come primarily from long distance dynamics, which overshadow short distance contributions by several orders of magnitude; still they fall much below the present upper experimental bounds. Even the SM contributions to A{sub FB}{sup c}, A{sub CP}{sup c}, and A{sub FB}{sup CP} are tiny, quite unlike in beauty hadrons. The branching ratios are hardly dented by contributions from the littlest Higgs models with T parity (LHT) even in the short distance regime, let alone in the SM long distances dynamics. Yet the asymmetries A{sub FB}{sup c}, A{sub CP}{sup c}, and A{sub FB}{sup CP} in these new physics models can be enhanced over SM predictions, as they arise purely from short distance dynamics; this can occur, in particular, for A{sub FB}{sup c} and A{sub FB}{sup CP}, which get enhanced by orders of magnitudes. Even such enhancements hardly reach absolute sizes for observable experimental effects for A{sub FB}{sup c} and A{sub CP}{sup c}. However, LHT contributions to A{sub FB}{sup CP} could be measured in experiments like the LHCb and the SuperB Collaboration. These results lead us to draw further conclusions on flavor-changing neutral-current interactions within LHT-like models through some simple scaling arguments that encapsulate the essence of flavor dynamics in and beyond the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources - Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and broad-based participation. With the growing prevalence of DERs, the risk of grid instability and vulnerability increases due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy. At the same time, the voltage and frequency deviation problems emerge more often when the reverse power flow occurs under supply-demand imbalance in distributed power systems. Standards and grid codes have been issued for DER inverters to interconnect with the distribution grid. The updated standard and grid codes expect DERs to provide a variety of power system support functions in order to incorporate higher DER penetration and to maximize DER value to the grid. This paper provides an overview of the power system support functions from renewable DER inverters, which are categorized as: voltage regulation by active/reactive power control, frequency regulation by active power control, voltage ride-through, and frequency ride-through. The benefits and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and compared with its predecessor, manifesting the logic in the evolution of the algorithms.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Power: Standards, Control, Power Quality and Transmission

Offshore wind is expected to be a major player in the global efforts toward decarbonization, leading to exceptional changes in modern power systems. Understanding the impacts and capabilities of the relatively new and uniquely positioned assets in grids with high integration levels of inverter-based resources, however, is lacking, raising concerns about grid reliability, stability, power quality, and resilience, with the absence of updated grid codes to guide the massive deployment of offshore wind. To help fill the gap, this paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies of offshore wind power grid integration. First, the paper investigates the most current grid requirements for wind power plant integration, based on a harmonized European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E) framework and notable international standards, and it illuminates future directions. The paper discusses the wind turbine and wind power plant control strategies, and new control approaches, such as grid-forming control, are presented in detail. The paper reviews recent research on the ancillary services that offshore wind power plants can potentially provide, which, when harmonized, will not only comply with regulations but also improve the value of the asset. The paper explores topics of wind power plant harmonics, reviewing the latest standards in detail and outlining mitigation methods. The paper also presents stability analysis methods for wind power plants, with discussions centered on validity and computational efficiency. Finally, the paper discusses wind power plant transmission solutions, with a focus on high-voltage direct-current topologies and controls.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

SU-E-I-33: Initial Evaluation of Model-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction Using Standard Image Quality Phantoms

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare a new model-based iterative reconstruction with existing reconstruction methods (filtered backprojection and basic iterative reconstruction) using quantitative analysis of standard image quality phantom images. Methods: An ACR accreditation phantom (Gammex 464) and a CATPHAN600 phantom were scanned using 3 routine clinical acquisition protocols (adult axial brain, adult abdomen, and pediatric abdomen) on a Philips iCT system. Each scan was acquired using default conditions and 75%, 50% and 25% dose levels. Images were reconstructed using standard filtered backprojection (FBP), conventional iterative reconstruction (iDose4) and a prototype model-based iterative reconstruction (IMR). Phantom measurements included CT number accuracy, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), modulation transfer function (MTF), low contrast detectability (LCD), and noise power spectrum (NPS). Results: The choice of reconstruction method had no effect on CT number accuracy, or MTF (p<0.01). The CNR of a 6 HU contrast target was improved by 1–67% with iDose4 relative to FBP, while IMR improved CNR by 145–367% across all protocols and dose levels. Within each scan protocol, the CNR improvement from IMR vs FBP showed a general trend of greater improvement at lower dose levels. NPS magnitude was greatest for FBP and lowest for IMR. The NPS of the IMR reconstruction showed a pronounced decrease with increasing spatial frequency, consistent with the unusual noise texture seen in IMR images. Conclusion: Iterative Model Reconstruction reduces noise and improves contrast-to-noise ratio without sacrificing spatial resolution in CT phantom images. This offers the possibility of radiation dose reduction and improved low contrast detectability compared with filtered backprojection or conventional iterative reconstruction.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

MO-E-213-02: Medical Physicist Involvement in Implementing Patient Protection Standards

The focus of work of medical physicists in 1980’s was on quality control and quality assurance. Radiation safety was important but was dominated by occupational radiation protection. A series of over exposures of patients in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and observation of skin injuries among patients undergoing interventional procedures in 1990’s started creating the need for focus on patient protection. It gave medical physicists new directions to develop expertise in patient dosimetry and dose management. Publications creating awareness on cancer risks from CT in early part of the current century and over exposures in CT in 2008 brought radiation risks in public domain and created challenging situations for medical physicists. Increasing multiple exposures of individual patient and patient doses of few tens of mSv or exceeding 100 mSv are increasing the role of medical physicists. Expansion of usage of fluoroscopy in the hands of clinical professionals with hardly any training in radiation protection shall require further role for medical physicists. The increasing publications in journals, recent changes in Safety Standards, California law, all increase responsibilities of medical physicists in patient protection. Newer technological developments in dose efficiency and protective devices increase percentage of time devoted by medical physicists on radiation protection activities. Without radiation protection, the roles, responsibilities and day-to-day involvement of medical physicists in diagnostic radiology becomes questionable. In coming years either medical radiation protection may emerge as a specialty or medical physicists will have to keep major part of day-to-day work on radiation protection. Learning Objectives: To understand how radiation protection has been increasing its role in day-to-day activities of medical physicist To be aware about international safety Standards, national and State regulations that require higher attention to radiation protection than in past To be aware about possible emergence of medical radiation protection as a specialty and challenges for medical physicists.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

WE-F-BRB-01: The Power of Ontologies and Standardized Terminologies for Capturing Clinical Knowledge

Advancements in informatics in radiotherapy are opening up opportunities to improve our ability to assess treatment plans. Models on individualizing patient dose constraints from prior patient data and shape relationships have been extensively researched and are now making their way into commercial products. New developments in knowledge based treatment planning involve understanding the impact of the radiation dosimetry on the patient. Akin to radiobiology models that have driven intensity modulated radiotherapy optimization, toxicity and outcome predictions based on treatment plans and prior patient experiences may be the next step in knowledge based planning. In order to realize these predictions, it is necessary to understand how the clinical information can be captured, structured and organized with ontologies and databases designed for recall. Large databases containing radiation dosimetry and outcomes present the opportunity to evaluate treatment plans against predictions of toxicity and disease response. Such evaluations can be based on dose volume histogram or even the full 3-dimensional dose distribution and its relation to the critical anatomy. This session will provide an understanding of ontologies and standard terminologies used to capture clinical knowledge into structured databases; How data can be organized and accessed to utilize the knowledge in planning; and examples of research and clinical efforts to incorporate that clinical knowledge into planning for improved care for our patients. Learning Objectives: Understand the role of standard terminologies, ontologies and data organization in oncology Understand methods to capture clinical toxicity and outcomes in a clinical setting Understand opportunities to learn from clinical data and its application to treatment planning Todd McNutt receives funding from Philips, Elekta and Toshiba for some of the work presented.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Higgs bosons in standard model extensions

Several possibilities for extending the scalar sector of the Standard Model are considered. The conditions of calculation of Higgs bosons masses in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model are discussed. The probable limits on mass parameters of Higgs bosons are analyzed. The role of minimum conditions as a physical criterion in a model with an extended scalar sector is defined.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Superallowed decays within and beyond the standard model

This note reviews the role of superallowed transitions in determining the strength of the weak interaction among the lightest quarks and in searching for new physics beyond the standard electroweak model. The two sets of superallowed decays in nuclei considered here are pure Fermi and mirror transitions. The first have been scrutinized for more than 50 years. Here, the most relevant results are presented and the role of the nucleus-dependent radiative correction and nucleus-independent inner radiative correction are reviewed. In this context, the systematic study of mirror transitions started about 15 years ago. Despite the significant progress made since then, the data is still limited by experimental uncertainties. Combining the results from all superallowed transitions, which are fully consistent, provides a test of unitarity of the first row of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, which displays a 2σ tension with the standard model.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Feature selection and causal analysis for microbiome studies in the presence of confounding using standardization

Abstract Background Microbiome studies have uncovered associations between microbes and human, animal, and plant health outcomes. This has led to an interest in developing microbial interventions for treatment of disease and optimization of crop yields which requires identification of microbiome features that impact the outcome in the population of interest. That task is challenging because of the high dimensionality of microbiome data and the confounding that results from the complex and dynamic interactions among host, environment, and microbiome. In the presence of such confounding, variable selection and estimation procedures may have unsatisfactory performance in identifying microbial features with an effect on the outcome. Results In this manuscript, we aim to estimate population-level effects of individual microbiome features while controlling for confounding by a categorical variable. Due to the high dimensionality and confounding-induced correlation between features, we propose feature screening, selection, and estimation conditional on each stratum of the confounder followed by a standardization approach to estimation of population-level effects of individual features. Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of our approach in recovering relevant features. Utilizing a potential-outcomes framework, we outline assumptions required to ascribe causal, rather than associational, interpretations to the identified microbiome effects. We conducted an agricultural study of the rhizosphere microbiome of sorghum in which nitrogen fertilizer application is a confounding variable. In this study, the proposed approach identified microbial taxa that are consistent with biological understanding of potential plant-microbe interactions. Conclusions Standardization enables more accurate identification of individual microbiome features with an effect on the outcome of interest compared to other variable selection and estimation procedures when there is confounding by a categorical variable.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

The need for standardization and improved open (meta)data practices in metaproteomics

Metaproteomics enables functional insight into microbial communities by identifying and quantifying proteins in complex samples. Yet, heterogeneous analytical workflows and the lack of standardization across experimental and bioinformatics stages hinder reproducibility and comparability, limiting integration with other omics data. We here present a community-developed reporting checklist tailored to the specific needs of metaproteomics. We also outline current efforts to enable structured and interoperable metadata capture, drawing on standards from proteomics and microbiome research wherever possible. By promoting transparent reporting and advancing metadata practices, our recommendations aim to align metaproteomics more closely with FAIR principles and support reproducible and interoperable research practices.

Armengaud, Jean [Universite Paris-Saclay, France]↗
DOE OSTI2019

Guidance on the Use of Existing ASTM Polymer Testing Standards for ABS Parts Fabricated Using FFF

When evaluating the static mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF) polymers, researchers have conducted tensile testing using American Society for Testing Materials International (ASTM) D3039 rectangular test specimens and ASTM D638 Type I and Type IV dogbone test specimens. The choice of ASTM D638 versus ASTM D3039 test specimen geometry is usually based on the perceived susceptibility of the ASTM D638 test specimens to failure within the fillet radius. ASTM polymer and plastic tensile test standards define criteria for acceptably tested specimens as requiring failure inside the narrow length (i.e., ASTM D638) or outside of the grips (i.e., ASTM D3039) for the results to be considered acceptable. There has been limited published research regarding the selection of an ASTM test specimen geometry for FFF polymer materials. This study provides evidence-based guidance through the comparison of the mechanical performance and failure acceptance rates of ASTM D3039 and ASTM D638 test specimen geometries, fabricated using FFF acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Here, the purpose of the study is to provide guidance on the use of existing ASTM polymer testing standards for additively manufactured polymers. Results indicate there is an inherent benefit to using ASTM D3039 over ASTM D638 Type I and Type IV test specimens for tensile testing. ASTM D3039 test specimens provide the most consistent failure within the test specimen’s gage length, which is attributed to the rectangular design of the test specimen. Results also indicated that, like traditionally manufactured polymer composites, there will be differences in the tensile test results (e.g., ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus) based on the different cross-sectional areas of the test specimen geometries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Precision electroweak measurements and constraints on the Standard Model

This note presents constraints on Standard Model parameters using published and preliminary precision electroweak results obtained at the electron-positron colliders LEP and SLC. The results are compared with precise electroweak measurements from other experiments, notably CDF and D0 at the Tevatron. Constraints on the input parameters of the Standard Model are derived from the combined set of results obtained in high-Q{sup 2} interactions, and used to predict results in low-Q{sup 2} experiments, such as atomic parity violation, Moeller scattering, and neutrino-nucleon scattering. The main changes with respect to the experimental results presented in 2009 are new combinations of results on the width of the W boson and the mass of the top quark.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗