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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79

A new approach for simulating inhomogeneous chemical kinetics

Abstract In this paper, inhomogeneous chemical kinetics are simulated by describing the concentrations of interacting chemical species by a linear expansion of basis functions in such a manner that the coupled reaction and diffusion processes are propagated through time efficiently by tailor-made numerical methods. The approach is illustrated through modelling $$\alpha$$ α - and $$\gamma$$ γ -radiolysis in thin layers of water and at their solid interfaces from the start of the chemical phase until equilibrium was established. The method’s efficiency is such that hundreds of such systems can be modelled in a few hours using a single core of a typical laptop, allowing the investigation of the effects of the underlying parameter space. Illustrative calculations showing the effects of changing dose-rate and water-layer thickness are presented. Other simulations are presented which show the approach’s capability to solve problems with spherical symmetry (an approximation to an isolated radiolytic spur), where the hollowing out of an initial Gaussian distribution is observed, in line with previous calculations. These illustrative simulations show the generality and the computational efficiency of this approach to solving reaction-diffusion problems. Furthermore, these example simulations illustrate the method’s suitability for simulating solid-fluid interfaces, which have received a lot of experimental attention in contrast to the lack of computational studies.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Simulation of Dynamics of a Flexible Miniature Airplane

A short report discusses selected aspects of the development of the University of Florida micro-aerial vehicle (UFMAV) basically, a miniature airplane that has a flexible wing and is representative of a new class of airplanes that would operate autonomously or under remote control and be used for surveillance and/or scientific observation. The flexibility of the wing is to be optimized such that passive deformation of the wing in the presence of aerodynamic disturbances would reduce the overall response of the airplane to disturbances, thereby rendering the airplane more stable as an observation platform. The aspect of the development emphasized in the report is that of computational simulation of dynamics of the UFMAV in flight, for the purpose of generating mathematical models for use in designing control systems for the airplane. The simulations are performed by use of data from a wind-tunnel test of the airplane in combination with commercial software, in which are codified a standard set of equations of motion of an airplane, and a set of mathematical routines to compute trim conditions and extract linear state space models.

Waszak, Martin R.↗

Transforming Energy Through Computational Excellence: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) expertise accelerates a decarbonized energy economy through the most advanced computational techniques, including artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). AI is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, while ML encompasses the study of computer algorithms to imitate the way humans learn.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Modeling Fluid Flow in Domains Containing Moving Interfaces

Numerical simulations of fluid flow in domains containing moving rigid objects or boundaries are still challenging when meshes have to be adapted and periodically regenerated. A numerical strategy that falls into the general category of Arbitrary Lagrangian - Eulerian (ALE) methods is being developed. The method is based on a fixed mesh that is locally modified both in space and time to describe the moving interfaces which are allowed to move independently of the mesh. This results in a fully robust formulation capable of calculating in irregular meshes containing moving devises of complex geometry and free of mesh entanglement problems. The present work constitutes the first stage in the development of a three-dimensional model to interface with the new KIVA-hpFE simulator. The method’s accuracy has been assessed in two dimensions using a case that has an analytical solution.

02 PETROLEUM↗

Comparing Mitigations under Uncertainty in Simulated Influenza Outbreak [Slides]

Consequences of an influenza outbreak and effects of factors determining mitigation strategies were studied by computer simulation using statistical design and analysis of experiments methods. Twelve input variables that specify differing degrees of disease mitigation were selected to be evaluated within the context of nine uncertain inputs that characterize influenza expression, e. g., reproductive number, case mortality rate, duration of infective period. Variables were characterized with probability distributions based on assessments of low, high, and typical values from expert opinion and literature review. An approach to experiment design called dispersion array based experiment was developed that incorporates orthogonal array based Latin hypercube sampling. The simulation experiment consisted of 128 combinations of mitigation factors each evaluated over 16 distinct disease characterizations and allowed a quick assessment of simulation results, particularly mitigation efficacy. Sensitivity evaluation of the mitigation factors showed effectiveness against the range of influenza expressions with little stress on the health care system.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

Hydrocode Development on the Ncube and the Connection Machine Hypercubes [Book Chapter]

Hydrocode simulations constitute an important tool at Sandia National Laboratories and elsewhere for analyzing complex two- and three-dimensional systems. However, current vector supercomputers do not provide a growth path to enable fast, routine, and cost-effective simulations of large problems. Future, massively-parallel computers will provide a solution. Sandia has already developed simplified versions of the production hydrocode CTH for the Connection Machine and the nCUBE massively-parallel supercomputers. The parallel versions solve problems in two-dimensional, multi-fluid, shock-wave physics. Code development strategy, coding methodology, visualization techniques and performance results for this work are described.

640410 -- Fluid Physics-- General Fluid Dynamics↗

Aerosol Plume Detection Algorithm Based on Image Segmentation of Scanning Atmospheric Lidar Data

An image-processing algorithm has been developed to identify aerosol plumes in scanning lidar backscatter data. The images in this case consist of lidar data in a polar coordinate system. Each full lidar scan is taken as a fixed image in time, and sequences of such scans are considered functions of time. The data are analyzed in both the original backscatter polar coordinate system and a lagged coordinate system. The lagged coordinate system is a scatterplot of two datasets, such as subregions taken from the same lidar scan (spatial delay), or two sequential scans in time (time delay). The lagged coordinate system processing allows for finding and classifying clusters of data. The classification step is important in determining which clusters are valid aerosol plumes and which are from artifacts such as noise, hard targets, or background fields. These cluster classification techniques have skill since both local and global properties are used. Furthermore, more information is available since both the original data and the lag data are used. Performance statistics are presented for a limited set of data processed by the algorithm, where results from the algorithm were compared to subjective truth data identified by a human.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

A Symmetry Breaking Experiment Aboard Mir and the Stability of Rotating Liquid Films

We discuss results from two parts of our study on the behavior of liquids under low-gravity conditions. The first concerns the Interface Configuration Experiment (ICE) aboard the Space Station Mir on the Mir-21/NASA-2 mission; for a certain 'exotic' container, distinct asymmetric liquid configurations are found as locally stable ones, even though the container itself is rotationally symmetric, in confirmation of mathematical results and numerical computations. The second investigation concerns the behavior of slowly rotating liquids; it is found that a rotating film instability observed previously in a physical experiment in 1-g, scaled to render gravity effects small, does not correspond to mathematical and computational results obtained for low gravity. These latter results are based on the classical equilibrium theory enhanced with a van der Waals potential of adhesion.

Concus, P.↗

KIVA Development - 2012

Los Alamos National Laboratory and its collaborators are facilitating engine modeling by improving accuracy of the modeling, and improving the robustness of software. We also continue to improve the physical modeling methods. We are developing and implementing new mathematical algorithms, those which represent the physics within an engine. We provide software that others may use directly or that they may alter with various models e.g., sophisticated chemical kinetics, different turbulent closure methods or other fuel injection systems.

02 PETROLEUM↗

Trends in computerized structural analysis and synthesis; Proceedings of the Symposium, Washington, D.C., October 30-November 1, 1978

The subjects considered are related to future directions of structural applications and potential of new computing systems, advances and trends in data management and engineering software development, advances in applied mathematics and symbolic computing, computer-aided instruction and interactive computer graphics, nonlinear analysis, dynamic analysis and transient response, structural synthesis, structural analysis and design systems, advanced structural applications, supercomputers, numerical analysis, and trends in software systems. Attention is given to the reliability and optimality of the finite element method, computerized symbolic manipulation in structural mechanics, a standard computer graphics subroutine package, and a drag method as a finite element mesh generation scheme.

Noor, A. K.↗

The Quest for Pi

This article gives a brief history of the analysis and computation of the mathematical constant Pi=3.14159 ..., including a number of the formulas that have been used to compute Pi through the ages. Recent developments in this area are then discussed in some detail, including the recent computation of Pi to over six billion decimal digits using high-order convergent algorithms, and a newly discovered scheme that permits arbitrary individual hexadecimal digits of Pi to be computed.

Bailey, David H.↗

Exascale Co-Design Center for Materials in Extreme Environments (ExMatEx) Annual Report — Year 2

All activities of the Exascale Co-design Center for Materials in Extreme Environments (ExMatEx) are focused on the two ultimate goals of the project: (1) demonstrating and delivering a prototype scale-bridging materials science application based upon adaptive physics refinement, and (2) identifying the requirements for the exascale ecosystem that are necessary to perform computational materials science simulations (both single- and multi-scale). During the first year of ExMatEx, our focus was on establishing how we do computational materials science, by developing an initial suite of flexible proxy applications. These “proxy apps” are the primary vehicle for the co-design process, involving assessments and tradeoff evaluations both within the ExMatEx team, and with the entire exascale ecosystem. These interactions have formed the basis of our second year activities. The set of artifacts from these co-design interactions are the lessons learned, that are used to re-express the applications and algorithms within the context of emerging architectures, programming models, and runtime systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Bayesian sequential optimal experimental design for nonlinear models using policy gradient reinforcement learning

We present a mathematical framework and computational methods for optimally designing a finite sequence of experiments. This sequential optimal experimental design (sOED) problem is formulated as a finite-horizon partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) under a Bayesian setting and with information-theoretic utilities. The formulation is general and may accommodate continuous random variables, non-Gaussian posteriors, and nonlinear forward models. The sOED design policy incorporates elements of feedback and lookahead simultaneously, and we show it to generalize the commonly-used batch and greedy design strategies. We solve for the sOED policy using the policy gradient (PG) method from reinforcement learning, and provide a derivation for the PG expression in the sOED context. Adopting an actor-critic approach, the policy and value functions are parameterized using deep neural networks and improved via PG estimates produced from simulated episodes of designs and observations. The new PG-sOED algorithm is first validated on a linear-Gaussian benchmark, and then compared against other design baselines on a sensor movement problem for contaminant source inversion in a convection-diffusion field. As a result, we provide explanation for the policy behaviors using knowledge of the underlying physical process.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Computer simulation program is adaptable to industrial processes

The Reaction kinetics ablation program /REKAP/, developed to simulate ablation of various materials, provides mathematical formulations for computer programs which can simulate certain industrial processes. The programs are based on the use of nonsymmetrical difference equations that are employed to solve complex partial differential equation systems.

Schultz, F. E.↗

Basic Research Needs for Inverse Methods for Complex Systems under Uncertainty [Brochure]

The four priority research directions outlined in this brochure represent a cohesive vision for advancing the science of inverse problems for complex systems under uncertainty. Together, they address the critical challenges of: discovering, exploiting, and preserving physical and problem structure; overcoming model limitations; integrating disparate, multimodal, and/or dynamic data; and tailoring the solution of inverse problems to downstream tasks. While each PRD focuses on a distinct aspect of inverse-problem research, their interconnected nature highlights the importance of a holistic approach that leverages progress across all areas to achieve transformative solutions. This agenda calls for research across mathematics, statistics, and computer science disciplines, which are guided and complemented by rapid advances in artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and experimental facilities, to unlock new capabilities, maximize scientific impact, and meet the growing demands of inverse problems that arise across applications that are critical to DOE's mission.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗