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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79
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NASA NTRS1990

The optical light curve of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 9 + 9

The detection of a small modulation in the light curve of the GX 9 + 9 optical counterpart at the same period as determined from the X-ray data is reported. The optical variability is roughly sinusoidal in shape with a period of 4.198 + or - 0.0094 hours and an average peak-to-peak amplitude in the B of 0.19 mag with comparable amplitudes in the V and R bandpasses, and has superposed flickering with a typical amplitude of six percent. The mass of the companion star is deduced to be 0.4 solar mass, which corresponds to an early M-type star. The bulk of the optical light arises in the accretion disk, while the variability arises from orbital modulation of the light reprocessed off the companion star and a bright spot. It is suggested that the X-ray modulation might be due to the asymmetries of X-rays reflected off the bright spot.

Schaefer, Bradley E.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Rapid variability of the iron fluorescence line from the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC6814

NGC6814, one of the faster X-ray-variable AGN, has been observed with the Large Area Counters aboard the Ginga satellite in order to obtain data on the variability of the iron fluorescence line and thus to constrain the distribution of cold gas from which the line originates. A positive correlation measured between the variability of the iron-line flux and the continuum emission suggests an upper limit of 10 to the 14th cm for the size of the ion reprocessing region.

Kunieda, Hideyo↗
NASA NTRS1991

A census of the asteroid belt

Observations obtained by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) during its ten month mission in 1983 were originally processed by the Asteroid Data Analysis System (ADAS) to search for 3453 asteroids with known orbital elements as of September 1985. A total of 1811 had one or more observations of sufficient reliability to be accepted. These results were released in October 1986. Recently IRAS data were reprocessed to increase both the number of recognized asteroid observations and their reliability. As input 7311 asteroids were used with known orbital elements as of December 1990. This processor is referred to as the IRAS Minor Planet Survey (IMPS). As of April 1991 approximately 3000 asteroids had been identified with one or more acceptable observations. These results were used to derive the total number of asteroids with diameters greater than 1 km. In addition to being an interesting piece of information in itself these size-frequency distributions produce bias-correction factors which, for example, will be used in investigations of the physical properties of asteroid dynamical families and to estimate the distribution of the taxonomic classes as a function of heliocentric distance.

Tedesco, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Nimbus-7 TOMS Antarctic ozone atlas: August - December 1990

Because of the great environmental significance of ozone and to support continuing research at the Antarctic and other Southern Hemisphere stations, the development of the 1990 ozone hole was monitored using data from the Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument, produced in near-real-time. This Atlas provides a complete set of daily polar orthographic projections of the TOMS total ozone measurements over the Southern Hemisphere for the period 1 Aug. through 31 Dec. 1990. The 1990 ozone hole developed in a manner similar to that of 1987 and 1989, reaching a comparable depth in early October. This was in sharp contrast to the much weaker hold of 1988. The 1990 ozone hole remained at polar latitudes as it filled in Nov., in contrast to other recent years when the hold drifted to mid-latitudes before disappearing. Daily ozone values above selected Southern Hemisphere stations are presented, along with comparisons of the 1990 ozone distribution to that of other years. A new calibration scheme (Version 6) was used to process 1990 ozone values, as well as to reprocess those of previous years.

Krueger, Arlin J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Improved reference models for middle atmosphere ozone

Improvements are provided for the ozone reference model which is to be incorporated in the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA). The ozone reference model will provide considerable information on the global ozone distribution, including ozone vertical structure as a function of month and latitude from approximately 25 to 90 km, combining data from five recent satellite experiments (Nimbus 7 LIMS, Nimbus 7 SBUV, AE-2 SAGE, Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) UVS, and SME IR). The improved models are described and use reprocessed AE-2 SAGE data (sunset) and extend the use of SAGE data from 1981 to the period 1981-1983. Comparisons are shown between the ozone reference model and various nonsatellite measurements at different levels in the middle atmosphere.

Keating, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The orbital period of 4U/MXB 1636-53 (V801 Arae)

The results of CCD photometry of the optical counterpart (V801 Arae) of the X-ray burst source 4U/MXB 1636-53, obtained between 1984 and 1988 are reported. From these data, and additional measurements discussed previously, a linear orbital ephemeris P(orb) = 3.803878 + or - 0.000022 h covering the interval between 1980 and 1988 is derived. The results confirm that substantial night-to-night variations occur in the shape of the light curve, superposed on the periodic brightness variations. No evidence is found for a relation between orbital phase and the delays of optical bursts relative to the coincident X-ray bursts. The variation with orbital phase of the corresponding ratios of optical to X-ray burst fluences and peak fluxes does not follow the average optical light curve. These results suggest that substantial long-term changes occur in the spatial distribution of reprocessing matter in the binary system.

Van Paradijs, J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The EOS data and information system

The Earth Observing System (EOS) is proposed as a 1991 new initiative by NASA as part of the Mission to Planet Earth. One of the key components of the EOS program is the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Two independent Phase B studies of EOSDIS were conducted from January 1989 through April 1990. Some of the key challenges faced by EOSDIS are: satisfying the data and information needs of a diverse multidisciplinary scientific community integrating product generation algorithms for over two dozen instruments, keeping up with an orbital average data rate of over 50 Mb/sec and assuring prompt generation of standard products, reprocessing data as product generation algorithms change, and storing, and managing information about tens of Petabytes of data over the 15-year life of the mission.

Ramapriyan, H. K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dynamic effects on cyclotron scattering in pulsar accretion columns

A resonant scattering model for photon reprocessing in a pulsar accretion column is presented. The accretion column is optically thin to Thomson scattering and optically thick to resonant scattering at the cyclotron frequency. Radiation from the neutron star surface propagates freely through the column until the photon energy equals the local cyclotron frequency, at which point the radiation is scattered, much of it back toward the star. The radiation pressure in this regime is insufficient to stop the infall. Some of the scattered radiation heats the stellar surface around the base of the column, which adds a softer component to the spectrum. The partial blocking by the accretion column of X-rays from the surface produces a fan beam emission pattern. X-rays above the surface cyclotron frequency freely escape and are characterized by a pencil beam. Gravitational light bending produces a pencil beam pattern of column-scattered radiation in the antipodal direction, resulting in a strongly angle-dependent cyclotron feature.

Brainerd, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A robotic return to the moon

The autonomous lunar precursor mission presently proposed for low cost manned revisits to the lunar surface, designated 'Lunar Oasis by Automation and Robotics', employs two self-similar robotic vehicles, and three experimental 'biovolumes' which are directly derived from the lunar landers that are initially entrusted with fulfilling mission hardware-delivery requirements. The two vehicles would support the experimental biovolumes by returning resources for use in physicochemical or biological processing. Delivered resources would be combined with those in situ to furnish reconfigured biovolumes with the capabilities for autonomous biological growth and wastes-reprocessing demonstrations.

Luttges, Marvin W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A spectrophotometric atlas of white dwarfs compiled from the IUE archives

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric data are presented for 182 subluminous stars, mostly white dwarfs, that have been observed with the low-resolution mode of the IUE satellite since 1978 and for which archived data became available on April 1, 1989. Tables of 20 A binned data are given for all stars. Of these, 133 cover the entire wavelength range of the IUE, while the remainder have partial coverage. Plots of the original unbinned spectra are given. Many targets had multiple spectra combined, and the older spectra were reprocessed and corrected for reduction procedure changes made over the past 10 years.

Wegner, Gary↗
NASA NTRS1991

The NASA Ocean Data System at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Global change studies require satellite oceanographic observations archived in an active data center. This paper describes the activities of an experimental active oceanographic data archive center specializing in distribution of high-level oceanographic data products produced by research oceanographers from satellite altimeter, scatterometer, and microwave and infrared radiometer measurements. Methods to encourage data sharing practices were developed. Services initiated to help oceanographers conduct research more effectively included rapid delivery of data, reprocessing data sets, subsetting of large data sets, and distribution of multiple data sets on a single medium.

Halpern, David↗
NASA NTRS1991

Primordial comet mantle - Irradiation production of a stable, organic crust

The thickness and survivability of a cosmic ray-generated primordial comet refractory mantle, or 'crust', are presently predicted by laboratory data and corrected estimates of cosmic ray dose to be capable of surviving a new comet's entry into the inner solar system over numerous revolutions. It is suggested that, since this mantle may be as much as several meters deep, the probe apparatus of the projected CRAF and Rosetta spacecraft will have to be extended in order to reach the desired, unprocessed cometary material. As things stand, there is a high probability that these missions will sample cometary matter than has been heavily irradiated and reprocessed in the Oort cloud.

Strazzulla, G.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A Compton reflection model for the cosmic X-ray and gamma-ray backgrounds

The gamma-ray spectrum of an AGN in the Compton reflection model is calculated and the contribution of such sources to the cosmic gamma-ray background is considered. The spectrum is composed of three parts: an X-ray power law, a broad hump from roughly 10 to 120 keV due to reprocessing of the power-law X-ray spectrum by cold gas, and gamma rays which are due to the inverse-Compton scattering of X-rays. The contribution of such sources to the cosmic gamma-ray background is computed and it is found that they provide an excellent fit to the entire background spectrum from 3 keV to 10 MeV. Constraints on the physical conditions in these sources are derived based on these results and the possibility of observing such sources with GRO is considered.

Rogers, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Global average ozone change from November 1978 to May 1990

A recent recalibration and reprocessing of the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) data have made possible a new determination of the global average total ozone decrease of 3.5 percent over the 11-year period, January 1, 1979, to December 31, 1989, with a 2 sigma error of 1.4 percent. The revised TOMS ozone trend data are in agreement, within error limits, with the average of 39 ground-based Dobson stations and with the world standard Dobson spectrometer 83 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Superimposed on the 11-year ozone trend is a possible solar cycle effect, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), annual, and semiannual cycles. Using solar 10-7-cm flux data and 30-mbar Singapore wind data (QBO), a time series has been constructed that reproduces the long-term behavior of the globally averaged ozone. Removal of the apparent solar cycle effect from the global average reduces the net ozone loss to 2.66 + or - 1.4 percent per decade. The precise value of the global average ozone trend depends on the latitude range selected, with ranges greater than + or - 69 emphasizing the larger variations at high latitudes.

Herman, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Theory of accretion disk coronae

Accretion disk coronae are likely to be the dominant site for X-ray absorption and reprocessed emission in low mass X-ray binaries, and may be present in other classes of compact X-ray sources such as active galactic nuclei and cataclysmic variables. In spite of this fact, and in spite of the observational evidence for their existence, there remain many uncertainties about the structure of accretion disk coronae. This paper will discuss the coronal structure and dynamics, their X-ray spectral signatures including coupling to the variability behavior of compact X-ray sources, and the major unsolved theoretical issues surrounding them.

Kallman, T. R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

IUE spectra of the eclipsing binary NN Serpentis

Low-resolution SWP and LWP IUE spectra are used to fit the temperature and angular radius of the white dwarf in the detached eclipsing binary NN Ser. It is found that the redenning to the system has E(B-V) of 0.05 +/-0.05, the white dwarf temperature is 60,000 +/-10,000 K, and the age of the white dwarf is less than 10 exp 7. The shape of eclipse and the K-magnitude of the secondary star are used to constrain the inclination of the binary and the masses and radii of the two stars. The size of the secondary star relative to its Roche lobe and the age of the white dwarf indicate that mass transfer has not yet occurred and that the system is a precataclysmic variable rather than a cataclysmic variable which has entered the period gap. Fitting the observed magnitude of the sinusoidal modulation with a reprocessing model shows that only when i is approximately equal to 90 deg is the required temperature of the secondary star consistent with these results. For this solution the white dwarf temperature is also consistent with those obtained from the IUE spectra.

Wood, Janet H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The dusty envelopes of FU Orionis variables

The spectral energy distributions of five FU Orionis variables are discussed using new ground-based infrared photometry and IRAS Addscan measurements. V1057 Cyg, V1515 Cyg, and Z CMa have much larger far-infrared fluxes than can be explained by the simple accretion disk models that match their spectral energy distributions less than 10 microns. The 10-20-micron excess emission in V1057 has decreased proportionately with the decline in optical light, which demonstrates that the far-infrared flux arises in a dust shell reprocessing light from the central object. It is suggested that the far-infrared excesses arise in somewhat flattened dusty envelopes with a covering factor in a solid angle of roughly one-half, which is consistent with the fraction of FU Orionis variables that are heavily embedded. It is proposed that the dusty envelope falls onto the outer disk at a rate of about 5 x 10 exp -6 solar mass/yr. The rate is sufficient to replenish disk material accreted during a FU Orionis outburst and allow repetitive eruptions on time scales of several thousand years.

Kenyon, Scott J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Recent trends in stratospheric total ozone - Implications of dynamical and El Chichon perturbations

The recently reprocessed Nimbus-7 TOMS total ozone data from 1979 to 1989 are analyzed to assess the global impact of the El Chichon volcanic eruption on stratospheric total ozone. An apparent decrease in total ozone of 5 to 6 percent is present during the winter of 1982-1983 following the eruption of El Chichon. A regression analysis of total ozone with the equatorial zonal wind at 30 mb indicates that response to the quasi-biennial oscillation can explain much of the observed ozone anomaly, and that the total ozone decrease which can be attributed to El Chichon is at most 2 to 4 percent. This study also suggests that the interannual variability caused by the quasi-biennial oscillation and planetary wave activity may introduce apparent seasonal trends in total ozone and temperature in the lower stratosphere, particularly if the length of the data record is not very long. Such trends may affect the assessment of total ozone changes caused by chemical perturbations.

Chandra, S.↗