A hole-transport material that also passivates perovskite surface defects for solar cells with improved efficiency and stability
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In massive stars, the 41 Ca(n,α) 38 Ar and 41 K(p,α) 38 Ar reactions have been identified as the key reactions governing the abundance of 41 Ca, which is considered as a potential chronometer for solar system formation. So far, due to experimental limitations, the 41 Ca(n,α) 38 Ar reaction rate is solely based on statistical model calculations. In the present study, we have measured the time-inverse 38 Ar(α,n) 41 Ca and 38 Ar(α,p) 41 K reactions using an active target detector. The reactions were studied in inverse kinematics using a 133-MeV 38 Ar beam and 4 He as the active-gas target. Both excitation functions were measured simultaneously in the energy range of 6.8 ≤ E c.m. ≤ 9.3 MeV. Furthermore by using detailed balance the 41 Ca(n,α) 38 Ar and 41 K(p,α) 38 Ar reaction rates were determined, which suggested a 20% increase in the 41 Ca yield from massive stars.
Presentation of findings of Inclusive Shared Solar Initiative.
Here, observing geosynchronous satellites has numerous applications. Lighting conditions near the equinoxes routinely cause problems for traditional observations of sensors near the equator – the solar exclusion. We investigate using sensors on satellites (in polar and high- altitude orbits) to observe satellites that are in geosynchronous orbit. It is hoped that these satellite configurations will alleviate many of these problems. Assessing the orbit insertion and station-keeping requirements are important to understand. We summarize the literature to understand the relevant perturbing forces and assess the delta-v requirements.
Abstract. This paper reports on a third-generation rotating shadow band spectroradiometer (RSS) used to measure global and diffuse horizontal plus direct normal irradiances and transmissions at 1002 wavelengths between 360 and 1070 nm. The prism-dispersed spectral data are from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site in north-central Oklahoma (36.605∘ N, 97.486∘ W) and cover dates between August 2009 and February 2014. The refurbished RSS isolates the detector in a vacuum chamber with pressures near 10−7 torr. This prevents the deposition of outgassed vapors from the interior of the spectrometer shell on the cooled detector that affected the operation of the first commercial RSS. Methods for (1) ensuring the correct wavelength registration of the data and (2) deriving extraterrestrial responses over the entire spectrum, including throughout strong water vapor and oxygen bands, are described. The resulting data produced are archived as ARM data records and include cloud-screened aerosol optical depths, spectral irradiances and direct normal solar transmission, as well as normalized diffuse and global irradiances.
Abundance, concentration and distribution pattern of rare earth elements in terrestrial, meteoritic and solar matter
Design and development of silicon solar cell panel for operating in thermal-annealing cycles
Equilibrium temperatures for solar cell configurations bonded to, but thermally insulated from spinning spacecraft
Solar proton flare effects on silicon photovoltaic power system for deep space missions
Results of observation of solar wind fluxes near earth obtained by Venera 2 and Venera 4 satellites
Solar constant and spectrum measured from Convair 990 aircraft at 38000 feet
10-50 kev solar flare X ray bursts observed by OGO satellites and correlated with radio bursts and energetic particle emission
Primary cosmic ray proton and He energy spectra and solar modulation effects during sunspot minimum from balloon-borne scintillation counter telescope data
Cosmic rays intensity variation and heavy nuclei energy spectra investigation to interpret galactic cosmic rays solar modulation near sunspot minimum
Quiet sun and slowly varying components of solar X rays correlation of data collected by Explorer, Injun 1 and 2 satellites, and Mariner space probes
Test program to determine Martian dust storm effects on solar cells
Atlas of energetic solar flare X rays and tentative atlas of proton events observed by OGO-1 and OGO-3 ionization chambers