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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Historic Significance and Current Condition Assessment of Building 06-CP-170, the Yucca Flat Weather Station, Area 6, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada

This report was produced in partial fulfillment of the mitigation of adverse effects to Building 06-CP-170, the Yucca Flat Weather Station on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), and is intended to comply with the 2021 Memorandum of Agreement DE-GM58-21NA25543 Between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nevada State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding Demolition of Fourteen Buildings and Structures in Area 6 of the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada (hereafter referred to as the MOA). This MOA was executed to resolve adverse effects from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) plan to demolish 14 architectural resources at the Control Point and in the vicinity in Area 6 of the NNSS. The management and operations contractor for the NNSS identified these 14 architectural resources as environmental hazards unsafe for human occupation due to deterioration and rodent infestation. Building 06-CP-170 is scheduled for demolition as part of this undertaking. Building 06-CP-170 was originally recorded in 2018 during a Section 106 cultural resources inventory for a proposed installation of a 138-kilovolt transmission line on the NNSS. The building was determined individually eligible by the DOE, in consultation with the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office, for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places under the Secretary of the Interior’s Significance Criterion A because of its association with nuclear testing. Pursuant to Stipulation III.D.3 of the MOA, this report provides a summary of the historic significance of Building 06-CP-170 and a description of its current condition and accessory resources. In addition, an updated Architectural Resource Assessment (ARA) form with new information and photographs is included in the appendix in fulfillment of Stipulation III.D.2.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Historic Significance and Current Condition Assessment of Building 06-CP-10, Device Assembly Building, Area 6, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada

This report was produced in partial fulfillment of the mitigation of adverse effects to Building 06-CP-10, the first device assembly building on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), and is intended to comply with the 2021 Memorandum of Agreement DE-GM58-21NA25543 Between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nevada State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding Demolition of Fourteen Buildings and Structures in Area 6 of the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County (hereafter referred to as the MOA). This MOA was executed to resolve adverse effects from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) plan to demolish 14 architectural resources at the Control Point and in the vicinity in Area 6 of the NNSS. The management and operations contractor for the NNSS identified these 14 architectural resources as environmental hazards unsafe for human occupation due to deterioration and rodent infestation. Building 06-CP-10 and two small magazine bunkers (06-CP-10A and 06-CP-805) associated with Building 06-CP-10 are scheduled for demolition as part of this undertaking. Building 06-CP-10 was originally recorded in 2003 during a historical evaluation of four buildings in Area 6. In consultation with the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office, the building was determined individually eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under the Secretary of the Interior’s Significance Criterion A because of its association with nuclear testing and under Significance Criterion C as a distinct type of construction associated with the nuclear industry. Building 06-CP-10A, a munitions magazine, and 06- CP-805, a cap-and-fuse bunker, have been recorded as contributing accessory resources to 06-CP-10. Pursuant to Stipulation III.C.3 of the MOA, this report provides a summary of the historic significance of Building 06-CP-10 and a description of its current condition and accessory resources. In addition, an updated Architectural Resource Assessment (ARA) form with new information and photographs is included in the appendix in fulfillment of Stipulation III.C.2.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simultaneous Multiwavelength Flare Observations of EV Lacertae

Here we present the first results of our ongoing project conducting simultaneous multiwavelength observations of flares on nearby active M dwarfs. We acquired data of the nearby dM3.5e star EV Lac using five different observatories: NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), NASA’s Neutron Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope (UH88), and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) Network. During the ~25 days of TESS observations, we acquired three simultaneous UV/X-ray observations using Swift that total ~18 ks, 21 simultaneous epochs totaling ~98 ks of X-ray data using NICER, one observation (~3 hr) with UH88, and one observation (~3 hr) with LCOGT. We identified 56 flares in the TESS light curve with estimated energies in the range log E T (erg) = (30.5–33.2), nine flares in the Swift UVM2 light curve with estimated energies in the range log E UV (erg) = (29.3–31.1), 14 flares in the NICER light curve with estimated minimum energies in the range log E N (erg) = (30.5–32.3), and 1 flare in the LCOGT light curve with log E L (erg) = 31.6. We find that the flare frequency distributions (FFDs) of TESS and NICER flares have comparable slopes, β T = -0.67 ± 0.09 and β N = - 0.65 ± 0.19, and the FFD of UVOT flares has a shallower slope (β U = -0.38 ± 0.13). Furthermore, we do not find conclusive evidence for either the first ionization potential (FIP) or the inverse FIP effect during coronal flares on EV Lac.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

BASS. XXXIII. Swift-BAT Blazars and Their Jets through Cosmic Time

We derive the most up-to-date Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) blazar luminosity function in the 14–195 keV range, making use of a clean sample of 118 blazars detected in the BAT 105 month survey catalog, with newly obtained redshifts from the BAT Active Galatic Nucleus Spectroscopic Survey. We determine the best-fit X-ray luminosity function for the whole blazar population, as well as for flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) alone. The main results are: (1) at any redshift, BAT detects the most luminous blazars, above any possible break in their luminosity distribution, which means we cannot differentiate between density and luminosity evolution; (2) the whole blazar population, dominated by FSRQs, evolves positively up to redshift z ~ 4.3, confirming earlier results and implying lower number densities of blazars at higher redshifts than previously estimated. The contribution of this source class to the cosmic X-ray background at 14–195 keV can range from 5%–18%, while possibly accounting for 100% of the MeV background. We also derived the average 14 keV–10 GeV spectral energy distribution for BAT blazars, which allows us to predict the number counts of sources in the MeV range, as well as the expected number of high-energy (>100 TeV) neutrinos. A mission like COSI will detect 40 MeV blazars, of which two may have coincident neutrino detections. Finally, taking into account beaming selection effects, the distribution and properties of the parent population of these extragalactic jets are derived. We find that the distribution of viewing angles is quite narrow, with most sources aligned within <5° of the line of sight. Moreover, the average Lorentz factor, $\langle$Γ$\rangle$ = 8–12, is lower than previously suggested for these powerful sources.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1984

Comparison of Forecast and Observed Energetics

An energetics analysis scheme was developed to compare the observed kinetic energy balance over North America with that derived from forecast fields of the GLAS fourth order model for the 13 to 15 January 1979 cyclone case. It is found that: (1) the observed and predicted kinetic energy and eddy conversion are in good qualitative agreement, although the model eddy conversion tends to be 2 to 3 times stronger than the observed values. The eddy conversion which is stronger in the 12 h forecast than in observations and may be due to several factors is studied; (2) vertical profiles of kinetic energy generation and dissipation exhibit lower and upper tropospheric maxima in both the forecast and observations; (3) a lag in the observational analysis with the maximum in the observed kinetic energy occurring at 0000 GMT 14 January over the same region as the maximum ddy conversion 12 h earlier is noted.

Baker, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Comparison of Forecast and Observed Energetics

An energetics analysis scheme was developed to compare the observed kinetic energy balance over North America with that derived from forecast cyclone case. It is found that: (1) the observed and predicted kinetic energy and eddy conversion are in good qualitative agreement, although the model eddy conversion tends to be 2 to 3 times stronger than the observed values. The eddy conversion which is stronger in the 12 h forecast than in observations and may be due to several factors is studied; (2) vertical profiles of kinetic energy generation and dissipation exhibit lower and upper tropospheric maxima in both the forecast and observations; and (3) a lag in the observational analysis with the maximum in the observed kinetic energy occurring at 0000 GMT 14 January over the same region as the maximum Eddy conversion 12 h earlier is noted.

Baker, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Four-Cylinder Stirling-Engine Computer Program

Computer program developed for simulating steady-state and transient performance of four-cylinder Stirling engine. In model, four cylinders interconnected by four working spaces. Each working space contains seven volumes: one for expansion space, heater, cooler, and compression space and three for regenerator. Thermal time constant for regenerator mass associated with each regenator gas volume. Former code generates results very quickly, since it has only 14 state variables with no energy equation. Current code then used to study various aspects of Stirling engine in much more detail. Program written in FORTRAN IV for use on IBM 370 computer.

Daniele, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Cosmic ray anisotropies at high energies

The directional anisotropies of the energetic cosmic ray gas due to the relative motion between the observers frame and the one where the relativistic gas can be assumed isotropic is analyzed. The radiation fluxes formula in the former frame must follow as the Lorentz invariance of dp/E, where p, E are the 4-vector momentum-energy components; dp is the 3-volume element in the momentum space. The anisotropic flux shows in such a case an amplitude, in a rotating earth, smaller than the experimental measurements from say, EAS-arrays for primary particle energies larger than 1.E(14) eV. Further, it is shown that two consecutive Lorentz transformations among three inertial frames exhibit the violation of dp/E invariance between the first and the third systems of reference, due to the Wigner rotation. A discussion of this result in the context of the experimental anisotropic fluxes and its current interpretation is given.

Martinic, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Optimization of a Raman shifted dye laser system for DIAL applications

An efficient Raman shifted dye laser system that generates tunable radiation at 765 and 940 nm with a bandwidth of 0.03/cm is described. Operating a Raman cell at hydrogen pressure below 14 atm, optimum first Stokes energy conversions of 45 percent and of 37 percent at 765 and 940 nm, respectively, were recorded. Optical depth measurements made at the centers of twenty-five absorption lines in the P branch of the oxygen A band imply a high spectral purity for both the laser and the Raman shifted radiation, and thus indicate the feasibility of using the stimulated Raman scattered radiation for differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements.

Singh, Upendra N.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Progress in Search for Antihelium with BESS

We have searched for antihelium nuclei in cosmic rays using the data obtained from balloon flights of the BESS magnetic spectrometer. The search was mainly based on track-quality selection, followed by rigidity analysis, and on the time-of-flight and dE/dx measurements by the scintillation counter hodoscope. We analysed all the data collected during 1993-2000 with a common analysis procedure. No antihelium nuclei events were found in the energy range from 1 to 14 GV. In order to determine a new upper limit, we have simulated the loss in the air and in the instrument of He (He-bar) using the GEANT/GHEISHA code. Combined with the data collected in 1993 through 2000, a new 95 % confidence upper limit for the ratio of He-bar/He at the top of the atmosphere of 6.8 x 10(exp -7) has been obtained to be after correcting for the interactions in the air and in the instruments.

Sasaki, M.↗
NASA NTRS2012

The ART-XC Instrument on Board the SRG Mission

Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in 2014 from Baikonur, by a Zenit rocket with a Fregat booster and placed in a 6-month-period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescopes . a soft-x-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium-x-ray-energy survey instrument ART-XC being developed by Russia. ART-XC will consist of seven independent, but co-aligned, telescope modules with seven corresponding cadmium-telluride focal plane detectors. Each will operate over the approximate energy range of 6- 30 keV, with an angular resolution of <1 ', a field of view of ~30 ' and an energy resolution about 10% at 14 keV. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) will fabricate some of the mirror modules, to complement others fabricated by VNIIEF in Russia.

Pavlinksy, M.↗
NASA NTRS2021

Simultaneous Multiwavelength Flare Observations of EV Lacertae

We present the first results of our ongoing project conducting simultaneous multiwavelength observations of flares on nearby active M dwarfs. We acquired data of the nearby dM3.5e star EV Lac using five different observatories: NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), NASA's Neutron Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope (UH88), and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) Network. During the ∼25 days of TESS observations, we acquired three simultaneous UV/X-ray observations using Swift that total ∼18 ks, 21 simultaneous epochs totaling ∼98 ks of X-ray data using NICER, one observation (∼3 hr) with UH88, and one observation (∼3 hr) with LCOGT. We identified 56 flares in the TESS light curve with estimated energies in the range log E(T) (erg) = (30.5–33.2), nine flares in the Swift UVM2 light curve with estimated energies in the range log E(UV) (erg) = (29.3–31.1), 14 flares in the NICER light curve with estimated minimum energies in the range log E(N) (erg) = (30.5–32.3), and 1 flare in the LCOGT light curve with log E(L) (erg) = 31.6. We find that the flare frequency distributions (FFDs) of TESS and NICER flares have comparable slopes, β(T) = −0.67 ± 0.09 and β(N) = − 0.65 ± 0.19, and the FFD of UVOT flares has a shallower slope (β(U) = −0.38 ± 0.13). Furthermore, we do not find conclusive evidence for either the first ionization potential (FIP) or the inverse FIP effect during coronal flares on EV Lac.

Rishi R. Paudel↗
NASA NTRS1990

Advances in atomic oxygen simulation

Atomic oxygen (AO) present in the atmosphere at orbital altitudes of 200 to 700 km has been shown to degrade various exposed materials on Shuttle flights. The relative velocity of the AO with the spacecraft, together with the AO density, combine to yield an environment consisting of a 5 eV beam energy with a flux of 10(exp 14) to 10(exp 15) oxygen atoms/sq cm/s. An AO ion beam apparatus that produces flux levels and energy similar to that encountered by spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) has been in existence since 1987. Test data was obtained from the interaction of the AO ion beam with materials used in space applications (carbon, silver, kapton) and with several special coatings of interest deposited on various surfaces. The ultimate design goal of the AO beam simulation device is to produce neutral AO at sufficient flux levels to replicate on-orbit conditions. A newly acquired mass spectrometer with energy discrimination has allowed 5 eV neutral oxygen atoms to be separated and detected from the background of thermal oxygen atoms of approx 0.2 eV. Neutralization of the AO ion beam at 5 eV was shown at the Martin Marietta AO facility.

Froechtenigt, Joseph F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dynamic mechanical properties of N-phenylnadimide modified PMR polyimide composites

Temperature-frequency dependence of alpha, beta, and gamma transitions was determined using a Rheometrics dynamic spectrometer on a series of unidirectional Celion 6000/N-phenylnadimide (PN) modified PMR polyimide composites. The objective was to see if any correlations exist between crosslinked network structure and dynamic mechanical properties. Variation in crosslinked network structures was achieved by altering the polyimide formulation through addition of various quantities of PN into the standard PMR-15 composition. As a control, PMR-15 composite system exhibited well-defined alpha, beta, and gamma transitions in the regions of 360, 100, and -120 C, respectively. Their activation energies were estimated to be 232, 60, and 14 kcal/mole, respectively. Increasing the amount of PN concentration caused lowering of the activation energies of the three relaxations, a decrease of the glass transition temperature, and increasing intensities of the three damping peaks, compared to the control PMR-15 counterpart. These dynamic mechanical responses were in agreement with formation of a more flexible copolymer from PN and PMR-15 prepolymer.

Pater, Ruth H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Atomic Energy Commission and His Security Clearance, Selected Documents

On April 14, 1954, Laboratory employees were formally notified by a “Special Bulletin to All Employees” (Appendix A) that the Atomic Energy Commission had convened a Personnel Security Board, at the request of J. Robert Oppenheimer, to investigate “substantial derogatory information” about their former director. Long on procedural detail and short on specifics, the Bulletin served primarily as an announcement that “A board was accordingly established for the purpose of hearing the case and advising the Commission as to whether or not suspension of clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer should be made permanent.”

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men

Abstract Background Severe energy deficits cause interrelated reductions in testosterone and fat free mass. Testosterone supplementation may mitigate those decrements, but could also reduce circulating concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, thereby exacerbating energy deficit by suppressing appetite. Objective To determine whether testosterone supplementation during severe energy deficit influences fasting and postprandial ghrelin concentrations and appetite. Design and methods Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial that determined the effects of testosterone supplementation on body composition changes during and following severe energy deficit in nonobese, eugonadal men. Phase 1 (PRE-ED): 14-day run-in; phase 2: 28 days, 55% energy deficit with 200 mg testosterone enanthate weekly (TEST; n = 24) or placebo (PLA; n = 26); phase 3: free-living until body mass recovered (end-of-study; EOS). Fasting and postprandial acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations and appetite were secondary outcomes measured during the final week of each phase. Results Fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations, and postprandial acyl and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations increased in PLA during energy deficit then returned to PRE-ED values by EOS, but did not change in TEST (phase-by-group, P < 0.05). Correlations between changes in free testosterone and changes in fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations during energy deficit (ρ = -0.42, P = 0.003) and body mass recovery (ρ = -0.38; P = 0.01) were not mediated by changes in body mass or body composition. Transient increases in appetite during energy deficit were not affected by testosterone treatment. Conclusions Testosterone supplementation during short-term, severe energy deficit in healthy men prevents deficit-induced increases in circulating ghrelin without blunting concomitant increases in appetite. Clinical Trials Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02734238 (registered 12 April 2016).

Karl, J. Philip↗
NASA NTRS1993

ROSAT High Resolution Imager observations of PSR 0656 + 14

We have used the High Resolution Imager (HRI) on ROSAT to image PSR 0656 + 14 at soft X-ray energies. With a net observing time of 10,326 s, we obtained a source event rate of 0.382 +/- 0.007 counts/s. Comparing the radial distribution of these counts between 15 and 100 arcsec to an empirically derived point spread function for HRI soft sources, we find no evidence of a spatially extended X-ray nebula to a limiting surface brightness of 1.67 x 10 exp -6 counts/s/sq arcsec, corresponding to a limit of 14 percent of the observed flux out to a radius of 100 arcsec. The X-ray emission of the pulsar is pulsed at the 0.385 s period of the radio pulsar, with a pulse fraction of 7 +/- 2.2 percent and a FWHM of 0.10 s. We discuss some models of the X-ray radiation of PSR 0656 + 14 compatible with both the HRI and PSPC results.

Anderson, S. B.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Potent Noncovalent Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 from Molecular Sculpting of the Drug Perampanel Guided by Free Energy Perturbation Calculations

Starting from our previous finding of 14 known drugs as inhibitors of the main protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, we have redesigned the weak hit perampanel to yield multiple noncovalent, nonpeptidic inhibitors with ca. 20 nM IC 50 values in a kinetic assay. Free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations for M pro -ligand complexes provided valuable guidance on beneficial modifications that rapidly delivered the potent analogues. The design efforts were confirmed and augmented by determination of high-resolution X-ray crystal structures for five analogues bound to M pro . Results of cell-based antiviral assays further demonstrated the potential of the compounds for treatment of COVID-19. In addition to the possible therapeutic significance, the work clearly demonstrates the power of computational chemistry for drug discovery, especially FEP-guided lead optimization.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗